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Background As endangered medicinal species (Category III protected plants in China) and as authentic traditional Chinese medicines, Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang and N. franchetii Boiss. require urgent conservation of their germplasm resources. While core collections offer an efficient solution for preserving genetic diversity, no such resource currently exists for these species despite their ecological and pharmacological importance. Methods In this study, three chloroplast DNA regions ( rbcL , matK , and trnS - trnG ) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence were employed as molecular markers to conduct phylogeographic analyses of N. incisum and N. franchetii , and their core collections were constructed through stratified sampling of evolutionary significant haplotypes. Results Network analyses revealed complete cpDNA differentiation between species (12 vs. 10 haplotypes separated by ≥ 5 mutations), while ITS data showed limited historical introgression. Wild populations exhibited strong genetic structure ( G ST : 0.673–0.713) with ancestral haplotypes (cpDNA Hap_2/Hap_13; ITS Hap_3-Hap_4/Hap_23), whereas cultivated accessions showed 3.2× higher haplotype diversity but reduced differentiation ( G ST : 0.077–0.094). Demographic tests (Tajima’s D = -1.39 to -2.15, P  < 0.01) and growth indices (G = 856–2901) confirmed post-glacial expansions. Conclusion Using integrated cpDNA and ITS markers, we established optimized core collections for both species ( N. incisum : 50–103 accessions; N. franchetii : 30–40 accessions) that effectively preserved genetic diversity. The dual-marker approach resolved cultivated populations’ paradoxical genetic patterns (higher diversity but lower differentiation) and provides a conservation model for medicinal plants facing anthropogenic pressures.

Anti-corrosive coatings are among the most widely used methods for corrosion protection. Zero-dimensional (0D) carbon nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention due to their advantages, such as small size, high specific surface area, ease of surface functionalization, and strong interfacial regulation capability, which enable enhanced barrier properties, densification, and multifunctional protection of coatings. However, existing reviews have largely focused on the application of 2D carbon nanomaterials in anti-corrosive coatings, with a lack of systematic summaries on 0D carbon nanomaterials, particularly comprehensive reviews that combine quantitative bibliometric analysis with qualitative content analysis. To address this gap, this review employs a combined approach of bibliometric analysis and content analysis to systematically summarize the research progress of three typical types of 0D carbon nanomaterials, including nanodiamonds, fullerenes, and carbon dots, in the field of corrosion protective coatings. The quantitative analysis is conducted using CiteSpace 6.4 R.2 to reveal publication trends, research hotspots, and frontier evolution in this field, while the qualitative analysis selects representative studies to summarize application systems, performance characteristics, and underlying mechanisms. On this basis, the key challenges currently faced are identified, and future research directions are proposed. This review provides a systematic reference for the material design, mechanistic understanding, and engineering application of 0D carbon nanomaterial-based anti-corrosive coatings.

Carbon dots (CDs) have demonstrated promising application prospects in the field of corrosion protection due to their small size, excellent dispersibility, abundant and tunable surface functional groups, low cost, environmental friendliness, and unique fluorescence properties. However, existing reviews have predominantly focused on the synthesis and photoluminescence properties of CDs, lacking systematic integration and in-depth mechanistic analysis of their diverse applications in corrosion protection. This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and underlying mechanisms of CDs in five key areas: corrosion inhibitors, anticorrosive coatings, photogenerated cathodic protection, chloride binding, and corrosion monitoring. As corrosion inhibitors, CDs form compact protective films on metal surfaces through synergistic physical and chemical adsorption. In anticorrosive coatings, CDs not only enhance the physical barrier effect but also impart intelligent functionalities such as self-healing and corrosion monitoring. In the field of photogenerated cathodic protection, CDs broaden the light absorption range of semiconductors and facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers. As chloride binding promoters, CDs promote the formation of cement hydration products, thereby improving the durability of reinforced concrete structures. As sensing platforms, CDs enable early visual detection of corrosion through their specific fluorescence response to ions such as Fe3+. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in scalable preparation, practical application performance in complex environments, and multifunctional integration. This review systematically outlines the research advancements of CDs in corrosion protection, providing a practical reference for subsequent studies and engineering applications. Future research should focus on scalable synthesis, machine learning-assisted design, and the development of integrated multifunctional protection systems to promote the practical application of CDs in the field of corrosion protection.

This work presents a holistic integration of environmental sustainability and enhanced sensing performance throughout the full lifecycle of magnetoresistive sensors. Utilizing industry-scale screen-printing techniques combined with eco-friendly inks (formulated from engineered Fe/Fe 3 O 4 core-shell magnetic microparticles, bioderived polymeric binders, and water solvent), the fabrication process avoids harsh treatments and hazardous chemicals. The resulting sensors, constructed entirely from naturally sourced materials, inherently exhibit biocompatibility, biodegradability, and environmentally benign recyclability. These properties collectively demonstrate key attributes for a sustainable life cycle. Through rational engineering of the Fe/Fe 3 O 4 core-shell structure particles, two synergistic mechanisms are activated within the composite: spin-dependent hopping across Fe 3 O 4 shell grain boundaries and in situ magnetic flux concentration induced by Fe cores, thereby yielding an order-of-magnitude enhancement in low-field sensitivity relative to sputtered Fe film and printed Fe 3 O 4 particle-based counterparts, resulting in a higher magnetoresistance ratio at 10 mT relative to all printed magnetoresistive sensors reported previously. The convergence of eco-sustainability and high performance enables previously unattainable disposable magnetoelectronics, unlocking new opportunities for environmentally responsible and user-safe transient electronics and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. A fully green printing strategy enables biodegradable and recyclable magnetoresistive sensors made from iron-based materials. By combining sustainability with high low-field sensitivity, the work opens a pathway toward environmentally responsible disposable magnetoelectronics.

Flexible electronic devices extended abilities of humans to perceive their environment conveniently and comfortably. Among them, flexible magnetic field sensors are crucial to detect changes in the external magnetic field. State‐of‐the‐art flexible magnetoelectronics do not exhibit low detection limit and large working range simultaneously, which limits their application potential. Herein, a flexible magnetic field sensor possessing a low detection limit of 22 nT and wide sensing range from 22 nT up to 400 mT is reported. With the detection range of seven orders of magnitude in magnetic field sensor constitutes at least one order of magnitude improvement over current flexible magnetic field sensor technologies. The sensor is designed as a cantilever beam structure accommodating a flexible permanent magnetic composite and an amorphous magnetic wire enabling sensitivity to low magnetic fields. To detect high fields, the anisotropy of the giant magnetoimpedance effect of amorphous magnetic wires to the magnetic field direction is explored. Benefiting from mechanical flexibility of sensor and its broad detection range, its application potential for smart wearables targeting geomagnetic navigation, touchless interactivity, rehabilitation appliances, and safety interfaces providing warnings of exposure to high magnetic fields are explored. A flexible magnetic sensor with low detection limit and wide measuring range is reported, realized by the anisotropy of the giant magneto‐impedance effect of amorphous wire. The sensor can detect the magnetic field from 22 nT to 400 mT, and simultaneously monitor weak magnetic fields such as geomagnetism and large magnetic fields which come from electromagnets etc.

The MiSeq® FGX Forensic system and the HID-Ion AmpliSeq Panel were previously developed for massively parallel sequencing (MPS) for forensic casework. Among the three major sequencing platforms, BGISEQ-500TM, which is based on multiple PCRs, is still lacking in forensics. Here, a novel forensic panel was constructed to detect 186 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 123 short tandem repeats (STRs) with MPS technology on the BGISEQ-500™ platform. First, the library preparation, sequencing process, and data analysis were performed, focusing on the average depth of coverage and heterozygote balance. We calculated the allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of STR and SNP loci in 73 unrelated Chinese Han individuals. In addition, performance was evaluated with accuracy, uniformity, sensitivity, PCR inhibitor, repeatability and reproducibility, mixtures, degraded samples, case-type samples, and pedigree analyses. The results showed that 100% accurate and concordant genotypes can be obtained, and the loci with an abundance in the interquartile range accounted for 92.90% of the total, suggesting reliable uniformity in this panel. We obtained a locus detection rate that was higher than 98.78% from 78 pg of input DNA, and the optimal amount was 1.25–10 ng. The maximum concentrations of hematin and humic acid were 200 and 100 μM, respectively (the ratios of detected loci were 96.52% and 92.41%), in this panel. As a mixture, compared with those of SNPs, minor-contributor alleles of STRs could be detected at higher levels. For the degraded sample, the ratio of detected loci was 98.41%, and most profiles from case-type samples were not significantly different in abundance in our studies. As a whole, this panel showed high-performance, reliable, robust, repeatable, and reproducible results, which are sufficient for paternity testing, individual identification, and use for potentially degraded samples in forensic science.

Identifying the key genes related to tumors from gene expression data with a large number of features is important for the accurate classification of tumors and to make special treatment decisions. In recent years, unsupervised feature selection algorithms have attracted considerable attention in the field of gene selection as they can find the most discriminating subsets of genes, namely the potential information in biological data. Recent research also shows that maintaining the important structure of data is necessary for gene selection. However, most current feature selection methods merely capture the local structure of the original data while ignoring the importance of the global structure of the original data. We believe that the global structure and local structure of the original data are equally important, and so the selected genes should maintain the essential structure of the original data as far as possible. In this paper, we propose a new, adaptive, unsupervised feature selection scheme which not only reconstructs high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space with the constraint of feature distance invariance but also employs ℓ2,1-norm to enable a matrix with the ability to perform gene selection embedding into the local manifold structure-learning framework. Moreover, an effective algorithm is developed to solve the optimization problem based on the proposed scheme. Comparative experiments with some classical schemes on real tumor datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This paper introduces a 100 MPa water gas two-phase fluid pressurization device. The device can provide 100 MPa gas pressure and 200 MPa liquid pressure for small volume (< 20 mL) high-pressure experimental devices. This device can make the pressure control independent of the temperature control without changing the material components of the system. The resolution of this device in adjusting the pressure is ± 0.2 MPa in the process of boosting and depressurizing. This pressure boosting device generates very little vibration during work and it can be used in experiments with strict requirements on vibration. As a thermodynamic parameter, pressure has a great influence on matter. In the field of experimental geochemistry, pressure is not only an experimental method and an extreme condition but an important physical parameter independent of temperature and chemical composition.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered to be the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which has become a serious economic problem for the swine industry worldwide. The major genotypes, PCV2a and PCV2b, are highly prevalent in the pig population and are present worldwide. However, another newly emerging PCV2b genotype mutant, which has a mutation in its ORF2-encoded capsid protein, has been sporadically present in China, as well as in other countries. It is therefore important to determine the relative virulence of the newly emerging PCV2b genotype mutant, compared with the existing PCV2a and PCV2b genotypes, and to investigate whether the newly emerging mutant virus induces more severe illness. Twenty healthy, 30-day-old, commercial piglets served as controls or were challenged with PCV2a, PCV2b and the newly emerging mutant virus. A series of indexes representing different parameters were adopted to evaluate virulence, including clinical signs, serological detection, viral load and distribution, changes in immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood, and evaluation of pathological lesions. The newly emerging PCV2 mutant demonstrated more severe signs compatible with PMWS, characterized by wasting, coughing, dyspnea, diarrhea, rough hair-coat and depression. Moreover, the pathological lesions and viremia, as well as the viral loads in lymph nodes, tonsils and spleen, were significantly more severe (P<0.05) for piglets challenged with the newly emerging mutant compared with those in the groups challenged with PCV2a and PCV2b. In addition, a significantly lower average daily weight gain (P<0.05) was recorded in the group challenged with the newly emerging PCV2 mutant than in the groups challenged with the prevailing PCV2a and PCV2b. This is believed to be the first report to confirm the enhanced virulence of the newly emerging PCV2 mutant in vivo.

The liver immune microenvironment is a key element in the development of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. ApoA4 deficiency increases the hepatic lipid burden, insulin resistance, and metabolic inflammation. However, the effect of ApoA4 on liver immune cells and the precise immune cell subsets that exacerbate fatty liver remain elusive. The aim of this study was to profile the hepatic immune cells affected by ApoA4 in NAFL. We performed scRNA-seq on liver immune cells from WT and ApoA4 -deficient mice administered a high-fat diet. Immunostaining and qRT–PCR analysis were used to validate the results of scRNA-seq. We identified 10 discrete immune cell populations comprising macrophages, DCs, granulocytes, B, T and NK&NKT cells and characterized their subsets, gene expression profiles, and functional modules. ApoA4 deficiency led to significant increases in the abundance of specific subsets, including inflammatory macrophages (2-Mφ-Cxcl9 and 4-Mφ-Cxcl2) and activated granulocytes (0-Gran-Wfdc17). Moreover, ApoA4 deficiency resulted in higher Lgals3 , Ctss , Fcgr2b , Spp1 , Cxcl2 , and Elane levels and lower Nr4a1 levels in hepatic immune cells. These genes were consistent with human NAFLD-associated marker genes linked to disease severity. The expression of NE and IL-1β in granulocytes and macrophages as key ApoA4 targets were validate in the presence or absence of ApoA4 by immunostaining. The scRNA-seq data analyses revealed reprogramming of liver immune cells resulted from ApoA4 deficiency. We uncovered that the emergence of ApoA4-associated immune subsets (namely Cxcl9 + macrophage, Cxcl2 + macrophage and Wfdc17 + granulocyte), pathways, and NAFLD-related marker genes may promote the development of NAFL. These findings may provide novel therapeutic targets for NAFL and the foundations for further studying the effects of ApoA4 on immune cells in various diseases.