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Background Cancer is highly prevalent worldwide. Family resilience is a positive variable that helps families burdened by advanced cancer to cope effectively. This study aimed to describe the family resilience of advanced cancer patients and caregivers in dyads and identify its influencing factors at the individual and dyadic levels. Methods This multisite cross-sectional study was conducted in oncology units in five tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 270 advanced cancer patient-caregiver dyads were recruited between June 2020 and March 2021. Patients’ and caregivers’ family resilience was measured by the Family Resilience Assessment Scale. Data on potential influencing factors, including demographic and disease-related characteristics as well as family sense of coherence, psychological resilience, perceived social support, symptom burden, and caregiver burden, were collected. Multilevel modeling analysis was adopted to control for the interdependence of the dyads. Results A total of 241 dyads were included in the data analysis. The mean ages of patients and caregivers were 53.96 (SD 15.37) and 45.18 (SD 13.79) years, respectively. Most caregivers were spouses and adult children (45.6% and 39.0%, respectively). Patients reported a higher mean family resilience score than caregivers (152.56 vs. 149.87, respectively). Undergoing fewer than two types of treatment and a lower symptom burden of patients predicted higher patient ( B  = -9.702, -0.134, respectively) and caregiver ( B  = -5.462, -0.096, respectively) family resilience. Patients also reported higher family resilience under the following conditions: 1) were on a medical insurance plan other than the new rural cooperative medical system ( B  = 6.089), 2) had a better family sense of coherence ( B  = 0.415), 3) whose caregivers were unmarried ( B  = 8.618), perceived lower social support ( B  = -0.145) and higher psychological resilience ( B  = 0.313). Caregivers who were ≤ 44 years old ( B  = -3.221), had similar previous caregiving experience ( B  = 7.706), and had a stronger family sense of coherence ( B  = 0.391) reported higher family resilience. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of adopting a dyadic approach when caring for advanced cancer patients and their caregivers. Dyadic longitudinal research is suggested to discover more modifiable factors of family resilience and tailored interventions are needed to obtain optimal dyadic outcomes.

The paleoenvironment of Jixian carbonate rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Ordos Basin is studied by carbon and oxygen isotope analyses, diagenetic environment analysis, and the restoration of paleosalinity and paleotemperature. The results indicate that the carbonate rocks of the Jixian System have always been in a near-surface environment and have not been deeply buried. The ranges of variation in δ 13 C PDB and δ 18 O PDB are relatively narrow, ranging from − 5.75 to 1.41‰ and − 8.88 to − 4.01‰, respectively, which is consistent with the stable tidal flat sedimentary environment during the Mesoproterozoic in the study area. The paleosalinity (Z) values range from 111.7 to 127.1, and the paleotemperature (T) values range from 32.7 to 57.33 °C, indicating a relatively warm paleoclimatic environment during the Mesoproterozoic era in the study area. The analysis shows that in a warm paleoclimatic environment, although carbon and oxygen isotopes, Z, and T have certain fluctuations, their ranges are relatively small, reflecting to some extent the stable tectonic environment of the study area during the Mesoproterozoic era. Comprehensive research shows that the Ordos Basin had a warm climate and a stable tectonic environment in the Mesoproterozoic, which may be a good response to the North China Block's position near the equator and continuous thermal subsidence in the Mesoproterozoic.

As a major energy city in China, Yulin City has faced huge challenges to the ecological environment with its rapid economic development and rapid urbanization. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the impact of land use changes on habitat quality. Based on three periods of land use data in Yulin City in 1995, 2005 and 2015, the PLUS model was used to simulate the land use changes in 2015. The measured kappa coefficient was 0.8859, which met the simulation accuracy requirements. By setting development zone boundaries and adjusting parameters, three progressive scenarios are designed to predict the spatial distribution of land use in Yulin City in 2035. The InVEST model was used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of Yulin City’s habitat quality in the past 20 years and evaluate the distribution of Yulin City’s habitat quality under three scenarios after 20 years. The results are as follows: (1) During the study period, construction land in Yulin City expanded rapidly, with an area increase of 380.87 km 2 in 20 years, and ecological land gradually shrank. (2) The land use simulation results of Yulin City under various scenarios in 2035 show that future land use changes in Yulin City will mainly be concentrated in the central and western regions. (3) During the study period, the habitat quality of Yulin City was at a medium level and the overall habitat quality showed a downward trend. Spatially, the degree of habitat quality degradation in Yulin City showed a characteristic of gradually decreasing from West to East. (4) By 2035, under the scenario of suitable urban economic development, Yulin City’s habitat quality has been improved to a certain extent, which not only protects ecological security but also meets the demand for construction land for urban development. The results of this study help the government better understand the evolution of land use and habitat quality in Yulin City in the past 20 years, and provide theoretical support and reference for the formulation of Yulin City’s ecological environment protection policies and the implementation of ecological protection work under the current land spatial planning.

Background The caregiver burden frequently experienced by family members tending to advanced cancer patients significantly impacts their psychological well-being and quality of life (QoL). Although family resilience might function as a mitigating factor in this relationship, its specific role remains to be elucidated. This study aims to probe the mediating effect of psychological distress on the relationship between caregiver burden and QoL, as well as the moderating effect of family resilience. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2020 and March 2021 in five tertiary hospitals in China. Data were collected on caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological distress (including anxiety and depression), and QoL. Moderated mediation analysis was performed. Results Data analysis included 290 caregivers. It confirmed the mediating role of psychological distress in the caregiver burden-QoL relationship ( P  < 0.001). Both overall family resilience and the specific dimension of family communication and problem-solving (FCPS) demonstrated significant moderating effects on the “psychological distress/anxiety—QoL” paths ( P  < 0.05). The utilization of social and economic resources (USER) significantly moderated the association between depression and QoL ( P  < 0.05). Conclusions The study corroborates psychological distress's mediation between caregiver burden and QoL and family resilience's moderation between psychological distress and QoL. It underscores the need for minimizing psychological distress and bolstering family resilience among caregivers of advanced cancer patients. Accordingly, interventions should be tailored, inclusive of psychological assistance and promotion of family resilience, particularly focusing on FCPS and USER, to augment the caregivers' well-being and QoL.

With the rapid development of urbanization and the sharp increase in population, urban land is becoming increasingly scarce. The efficient and reasonable development of the underground space is a crucial way to solve the problem of urban diseases, and comprehensive evaluation of urban underground space resources is an important basic task to achieve reasonable planning of the underground space. Adopting Xianyang city as an example, in this paper, we comprehensively evaluated the underground space resources in the main urban area and established evaluation models for the amount of resources available for development, development difficulty, potential value, and comprehensive quality of the underground space. Evaluation indicators, including urban environmental constraints, geological conditions, socioeconomic conditions and many other factors, were determined. With the use of the method of item-by-item elimination of restrictive elements and the analytic hierarchy process for determining the weight of each evaluation index, GIS technology was used to calculate and evaluate the underground space resources (0–30 m) in the main urban area of Xianyang city that could be reasonably developed, as well as the corresponding development difficulty and potential value, and we obtained the underground space that could be reasonably developed under different types of land use in the main urban area of Xianyang city on the basis of the resource quantity and comprehensive quality evaluation results. The results showed that in terms of quantity, the amount of underground space available for development in the main urban area of Xianyang city accounts for approximately 25.11% of the total development amount, and the underground space that could be developed and utilized is approximately 82.3 km 2 . The underground space resources that could be developed within a 30 m depth interval in the main urban area reached 2.465 billion m 3 , accounting for approximately 79.5% of the total shallow underground space resources, and the potential for development and utilization is enormous. In terms of the comprehensive quality, the highest comprehensive quality level of shallow underground resources is located in the core areas along Renmin Road, Weiyang Road, and Century Avenue, with an area of 21.52 km 2 , and the highest comprehensive quality level of subshallow underground resources is located along Renmin Road and Weiyang Road, with an area of 4.37 km 2 . The evaluation results could provide high reference value for urban development planning and underground space development and utilization in Xianyang.

The release and chemical fraction of cadmium (Cd) in sediment have a crucial influence on the ecology of rivers. Rivers containing large amounts of humic acid (HA) with the rapid development of industry and agriculture increase the solubility of Cd enhancing the bioavailability of Cd in sediments. Therefore, the possible interactions among influencing factors for the release and chemical fraction of Cd in sediments, such as HA concentration, pH, leaching time and molecular weight (Mw) of HA were investigated by using the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, ICP-OES, UV–Vis, FTIR and XRD technology. The quasi-equilibrium leaching time was 96 h, and the release rate of Cd in sediment decreased with increased pH from 3 to 7 and stabilized as pH increased from 8 to 10. It was also found that HA inhibited the release of Cd in sediment at pH 3 and 4, whereas at pH 5–10, HA promoted the release of Cd in sediment. The change in pH mainly affected the content of F1 and F2 for Cd in sediment. For > 100 kDa HA, the content of total Cd, F1 and F2 in sediment changed very little to a certain HA concentration (700 mg-C L−1 at the initial pH 6 and 350 mg-C L−1 at the maintained pH 6). For the Mw of 30–100 kDa HA, 10–30 kDa HA, and 1–10 kDa HA, the content of total Cd and F1 in the sediment decreased with the increase of HA concentration. For Mw < 1 kDa HA, the changes in HA concentration had little effect on the content and chemical fraction of Cd in the sediment. The Mw of > 100 kDa HA had effects on F1 and F2 of Cd in sediment, and the Mw of 30–100 kDa HA, 10–30 kDa HA, 1–10 kDa HA, < 1 kDa HA contributed only to F1 of Cd in sediment. The results demonstrated that the molecular weight of humic acid affected the release and chemical fraction of Cd in sediment.

Magnetic nickel-copper ferrite (NixCuyFe2O4) nano-catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method, and it exhibited excellent ability for activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) in the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). As-prepared Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 properties were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), transmissions electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm plot of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The maximum degradation efficiency is 80.2% by using 0.500 g/L of Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 for activating 5.00 mmol/L of PDS to degrade CIP (20.0 mg/L) at 25 ± 2 °C for 50 min (pH = 6.00). The presence of interfering ions Cl−, NO3−, and HCO3− inhibited the reaction by producing reactive species with low oxidation potential, inducing the degradation efficiency down to 60.0%, 58.1% and 21.5% respectively. Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 displayed great magnetic separation characteristic for the satisfactory magnetization; saturation value is ∼8.6 emu/g. The degradation efficiency of recycled samples has no significant difference after using three times, which is about 60%, indicating that Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 is a reusability catalyst in activating PDS for CIP degradation. This work might provide an efficient and promising approach to construct recyclable magnetic materials that can be used for wastewater treatment.

Background To explore the physiological and biochemical differences between different ploidy Luculia pinceana Hook. varieties and to obtain germplasm resources with excellent horticultural characteristics and strong resistance, we analysed and compared the morphological characteristics, photosynthetic properties, and physiological indices of diploid and tetraploid L. pinceana . Results (1) Tetraploid L. pinceana exhibited distinct polyploid characteristics, including a smaller plant, rounder, thicker, and darker green leaves, as well as coarser and longer leaf and stem hairs. Moreover, the flowers of tetraploids are relatively large, and the diameters of the flowers, the lengths of the corolla tubes and the lengths of the pistils are all extremely significantly greater than those of diploids. Compared with those of tetraploids, the leaf width and thickness of the diploid plants increased by 16.38% and 14.71%, respectively, whereas the leaf length, leaf area, and plant height decreased by 21.20%, 3.46%, and 54.86%, respectively. (2) The diurnal variation curve of photosynthesis in L. pinceana was unimodal, reaching a maximum value at approximately 10:00. Compared with diploid plants, tetraploid plants presented a significantly greater maximum net photosynthetic rate (P max ), light saturation point (LSP), and light compensation point (LCP). (3) Compared with diploids, tetraploid leaves presented significantly greater activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD, + 51.61%), peroxidase (POD, + 6226%), and catalase (CAT, + 211.66%). Additionally, the concentrations of osmolytes [soluble sugar (SS, + 80.11%), soluble protein (SP, + 63.49%), and proline (Pro, + 57.40%)] were markedly elevated. Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was substantially decreased (-46.16%). Conclusion These results demonstrate that the tetraploid L. pinceana has greater ornamental value, fertility and resistance. It is an excellent breeding material for the germplasm resources of L. pinceana and provides a material basis for the cultivation of new varieties of L. pinceana .

Nickle-copper ferrite (Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4) supported on activated carbon (AC) (AC@Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4) was synthesized and used as adsorbent, photocatalyst, and activator of peroxydisulfate (PDS) to realize the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). AC@Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 properties were characterized by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm plot of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). A rapid removal rate (94.30%) of CIP was achieved on AC@Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4/PDS/UV system with the condition of catalyst dosage 0.30 g/L, initial pH 7.3, PDS addition 0.20 mM, CIP concentration 10 mg/L (200 mL), UV 28 W, in 30 min. Free radical quenching experiments indicate that reactive species of superoxide (·O2−), holes (h+), sulfate radicals (SO4−·) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were produced and all worked. The reusability test demonstrated that AC@Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 could be recycled five times with minimal performance reduction for the removal of CIP. The XRD and SEM of the after used AC@Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 did not change significantly, which further showed its stability and recyclability. This work might provide new insight into the application of AC@Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 in photocatalysis coupled with adsorption in peroxydisulfate assisted system and has high potential in CIP removal.

The Enhanced Loran (eLoran) system is valued for its important role in the positioning, navigation, and timing fields; however, with its current modulation methods, low data rate restricts its development. Ultra narrow band (UNB) modulation is a modulation method with extremely high spectrum utilization. If UNB modulation can be applied to the eLoran system, it will be very helpful. The extended binary phase shift keying modulation in UNB modulation is selected for a detailed study, parameters and application model are designed according to its unique characteristics of signal time and frequency domains, and it is verified through simulation that the application of this modulation not only meets the design constraints of the eLoran system but also does not affect the reception of the respective signals of both parties. Several feasible schemes are compared, analyzed, and selected. Studies have revealed that application of UNB modulation in the eLoran system is feasible, and it will increase the data rate of the system by dozens of times.