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In this paper, we extend recent discussions on the relationship with the host place of ‘temporary’ or non-hukou migrants in major Chinese cities through the lens of three psychological processes: familiarity, attachment and identity. The empirical analysis is based on fieldwork conducted in selected villages-in-the-city in Guangzhou. A mixed methods approach is employed. The findings highlight the emotional distance between temporary migrants and their urban milieu: while some become familiar with the city through their prolonged stay, very few establish attachment and identity. The analysis shows that the dominance of indigenous villagers is a major obstacle for migrants to develop attachment to the given village-in-the-city; moreover, perceived institutional discriminations negatively affect migrants’ attachment to the city. The findings also corroborate a social constructionist perception of place identity: when place identity is legitimated and reproduced by the hukou system, it is difficult for migrants to challenge the hegemonic constructions of place and identity and to create their own narratives of identities. 在本文中，我们将最近关于中国大城市 “临时” 或 “无户口” 移民与接收这些移民的地方之间的关系的探讨进一步延伸，我们的角度是三个心理过程：熟悉、依恋和身份。我们的实证分析基于在广州选定的城中村进行的实地调查。我们采用混合方法。研究结果凸显了临时移民与城市 环境之间的情感距离：虽然一些人通过长期逗留熟悉了城市，但很少有人建立了依恋和身份。分析表明，原住民村民的支配地位是移民发展对城中村的依恋的主要障碍。此外，感知到的制度歧视会对移民对城市的依恋产生负面影响。这些发现也证实了社会建构主义者对地方身份的看法：当地方身份被户籍制度合法化和复制时，移民难以挑战地方和身份的霸权结构，并创造自己的身份叙事。

This article explores contemporary prejudice against displaced villagers in urban China, drawing on a project on urban sprawl in Yinchuan where rural villages are absorbed into the urban area. The research demonstrates that media discourses about chaiqian baofahu and suzhi that stigmatise displaced villagers are being actively reproduced in everyday life in newly built urban neighbourhoods. Urbanites’ prejudice against displaced villagers can be viewed as, on the one hand, a result of the feelings of relative deprivation from unfavourable comparisons with displaced villagers, while on the other hand, a response to maintain a positive ingroup identity – in this case, an urban and ‘civilised’ way of life. The article then examines the effectiveness of contact as a means for reducing prejudice, and reveals that intergroup contact in urban neighbourhoods does not necessarily create mutual understanding and trust. The article highlights the structural causes of prejudice and concludes by arguing for social transformation to challenge and reduce prejudice. 本文以银川的一个将农村吸纳进入城市的城市扩张项目为例，探讨了当代中国城市中对失地村民的偏见。研究表明，媒体使用的诸如“拆迁暴发户”“低素质”之类的话语对失地村民进行了污名化，而这种话语正在新建成的城市社区的日常生活中被人们大量地使用。城市居民对失地村民的偏见，一方面可以被视为是当他们发现自己不如失地村民富裕后产生的相对贫困感的结果，另一方面，也是一种试图保持“正面内向认同”（在这个案例中，是一种城市和“文明”的生活方式）的反应。文章接着考察了接触作为减少偏见的一种手段的有效性，并揭示了城市社区群体间的接触不一定能创造相互理解和信任。文章强调了偏见的结构性原因，并在结论中主张通过社会转型来挑战和减少偏见。

In this article we aim to extend the literature on residential decisions and relocation in Chinese cities by explicitly incorporating cohort or generation differences in an event-history analysis of residential mobility in the City of Guangzhou over the period 2000–2012, using data from a survey conducted at the end of 2012. The results reveal not only substantially higher mobility propensities for young adults than middle-aged individuals and senior citizens, but significant differential effects of major determinants such as hukou, educational attainment, membership of the Chinese Communist Party and birth of a child and child rearing, on housing consumption and residential relocation across age cohorts. We argue that such differences in mobility behaviour are attributable, to a significant extent, to the vastly different life experiences of and housing opportunities available to different age cohorts. 本文的目的是运用2012年底所做一项调査的数据，通过在2000 - 2012年广州城市居民流动事 件历史分析中明确纳入同生群差异或世代差异，扩展关于中国城市居住决策和搬迁的研宄文献。 结果不仅显示年轻人流动倾向大幅高于中年人和老年人，而且表明户籍、受教育程度、中国共 产党党员身份、出身和育儿等主要决定因素对不同年龄群的住房消费和居住地搬迁有着显著的 差异化效应。我们认为，流动行为的这种差异在很大程度上归因于不同年龄群截然不同的生活 经验和拥有的住房机会。

Persistent inflammation disrupts functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation promotes functional recovery in SCI rats by inhibiting inflammatory cascades and increasing neuronal survival. We sought to clarify the relationship between PPAR-γ activation and NACHT, LRR and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome suppression, and the role of NF-κB in activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in neurons. In SCI rats, we found that rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist) inhibited the expression of caspase-1. In in vitro neurons, G3335 (PPAR-γ antagonist) reversed the rosiglitazone-induced inhibition of caspase-1, interleukin 1 (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Rosiglitazone inhibited the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-6. However, the activator of NLRP3 could counteract this inhibition induced by PPAR-γ activation. NF-κB did not participate in the process of rosiglitazone-induced inhibition of NLRP3. Consistent with our in vitro results, we verified that locomotor recovery of SCI rats in vivo was regulated via PPAR-γ, NLRP3, and NF-κB. These results suggest that PPAR-γ activation exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome—but not NF-κB—in neurons and that PPAR-γ activation is a promising therapeutic target for SCI.

A novel approach for the design of a compact multiband planar microstrip antenna is presented. This type of antenna is composed of composite metamaterial resonators (including conditional microstrip resonators and metamaterial resonators), and fed by signal feed. A sample antenna with composite closed-ring resonator and split-ring resonator (SRR) fed by 50Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW) developed on FR4_epoxy substrate for multi-band wireless communication applications is presented. Appropriate design of the composite structure resulted in three discontinuous resonant bands. The fundamental magnetic resonant and electric resonant frequency of SRR and the first electric resonant frequency of the closed-ring resonator were combined to form low, middle, and high resonant band. The properties of this antenna are investigated by theoretical analysis and finite element method (FEM) simulations. The numerical results show that the proposed antenna has good impedance bandwidth and radiation characteristics in the three operating bands which cover the required band widths of the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz wireless local-area networks (WLAN) and 3.5/5.5 GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMax) with return loss of better than 10 dB. The antenna also has stably omni-directional H-plane radiation patterns within the three operating bands.

Monocytes display a gradual change in metabolism during inflammation. When activated, the increase in glucose utilization is important for monocytes to participate in immune and inflammatory responses. Further studies on the mechanism underlying this biological phenomenon may provide a new understanding of the relationship between immune response and metabolism. The THP-1 cells were used as a monocyte model. The cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glucose uptake was measured using flow cytometry. The expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), and other FGF-21 signaling pathway-related factor mRNAs was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, the relationship between FGF-21 expression in monocytes and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway was determined by Western blotting. LPS elevated FGF-21 expression in monocytic THP-1 cells in vitro. Functional assays showed that the phenomenon in which LPS and FGF-21 stimulated glucose uptake in monocytic THP-1 cells could be inhibited by FGFR inhibitor. The mechanism of elevation of FGF-21 was found to involve the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study indicated that FGF-21 could regulate the immune response indirectly by influencing the glucose uptake of activated monocytes cells.

Given recent urbanization and land development projects in western China, this study examines how rural villages became part of the expanding municipality of Yinchuan, Ningxia, by focusing on former peasants' occupation transition-their transition into urban employment. Based on the survey and interview data in the outskirts of Yinchuan in 2014 and 2015, the study finds an increase in unemployment rates and the changing distribution of job categories. Quantitative findings highlight the importance of age, gender, and education after land expropriation when agriculture ceases to function as a ＂safety net,＂ and illustrate the significant effect of pre-expropriation employment but not compensation from land development per se. Such findings are explained and enriched by analyses of in-depth interviews, that most available jobs for older and less educated peasants are unstable and low-end work in construction and service sectors created by urbanization. There are also limited chances to establish and develop one's career, either for those who had prior market experiences and financial capabilities to start private businesses, or for those received heavy education investment from their families in a hope of obtaining clerical or professional jobs. Men are more active in pursuing private businesses and formal white-collar jobs by pooling together the family resources, and women are underrepresented in both sectors. Speaking to the debates on the labor market outcomes for former peasants in urbanization, this study illustrates the emerging opportunities of entrepreneurship and economic mobility and the prevalent segregation and discrimination in labor markets.

The housing reform in urban China since the 1990s and the ensuing spatial and social dynamics gave rise to new kinds of neighbourhoods with new logics of neighbouring and neighbourhood attachment. Meanwhile, neighbourhoods are actively promoted as platforms for policy implementation. Both are reasons to revisit the meaning of neighbourhood attachment in the Chinese context. This article focuses on the roles of neighbourly interaction and physical environment, juxtaposing post-reform commodity housing estates against traditional neighbourhoods. The analysis draws on both qualitative and quantitative datasets from three case studies in Guangzhou and a city-wide survey. Results indicate that, compared with traditional neighbourhoods, residents of commodity housing estates have weak neighbourly interactions but strong neighbourhood attachment, which is based mainly on their satisfaction with the physical environment and less on their neighbourly contacts. Neighbourhoods in China have apparently shifted their function from social arenas to privatised living environments.

Although the microstrip antenna has been extensively studied in the past few decades as one of the standard planar antennas, it still has a huge potential for further developments. The paper suggests three areas for further research based on our previous works on microstrip antenna elements and arrays. One is exploring the variety of microstrip antenna topologies to meet the desired requirement such as ultrawide band (UWB), high gain, miniaturization, circular polarization, multipolarized, and so on. Another is to apply microstrip antenna to form composite antenna which is more potent than the individual antenna. The last is growing towards highly integration of antenna/array and feeding network or operating at relatively high frequencies, like sub-millimeter wave or terahertz (THz) wave regime, by using the advanced machining techniques. To support our points of view, some examples of antennas developed in our group are presented and discussed.

Migrants' settlements have been and will continue to be the most important issue in China's urbanization in the coming decades. Using data from a household survey of temporary migrants in villages-in-the-city in Guangzhou city in China, this article explores the relationships among satisfaction, attachment, and the stay-leave intention. The authors begin by questioning the tradition that the concept of rationality is an adequate tool for psychological explanation, despite its widely acknowledged importance. They then model stay-leave intention by incorporating both cognitive and affective evaluations. The ordinal regression results demonstrate that temporary migrants' stay-leave intention is more of an affective choice than a cognitive choice. Intraprovincial migrants are found more likely to intend to stay in Guangzhou than interprovincial migrants. Finally, the authors conclude by discussing the negative impacts of discrimination and territorial identity in fostering temporary migrants' identification and attachment to the host city.