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Transition-metal dissolution from cathode materials, manganese in particular, has been held responsible for severe capacity fading in lithium-ion batteries, with the deposition of the transition-metal cations on anode surface, in elemental form or as chelated-complexes, as the main contributor for such degradations. In this work we demonstrate with diverse experiments and calculations that, besides interfacial manganese species on anode, manganese(II) in bulk electrolyte also significantly destabilizes electrolyte components with its unique solvation-sheath structure, where the decompositions of carbonate molecules and hexafluorophosphate anion are catalyzed via their interactions with manganese(II). The manganese(II)-species eventually deposited on anode surface resists reduction to its elemental form because of its lower electrophilicity than carbonate molecule or anion, whose destabilization leads to sustained consumption. The reveal understanding of the once-overlooked role of manganese-dissolution in electrolytes provides fresh insight into the failure mechanism of manganese-based cathode chemistries, which serves as better guideline to electrolyte design for future batteries. Mn dissolution is dominantly responsible for capacity fading of most Mn-rich cathodes. Here the authors reveal that soluble Mn 2+ species significantly destabilizes solvent and anion via its unique solvation sheath structure, providing insight into the failure mechanism of related cathode chemistries.

Background/Aims: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a significant role in the development and progression of various human cancers. However, the expression and function of circRNAs in cervical cancer (CC) have rarely been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function of circRNA8924 in CC and elucidate the possible molecular mechanism involved. Methods: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mRNA expression of circRNA8924, miR-518d-5p/519-5p and CBX8 in CC tissues and cells. CBX8 protein expression was measured by Western blotting. The CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation, and the transwell assay to determine cell migration and invasion. The luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the direct regulation of miR-518d-5p/519-5p and circRNA8924 or CBX8 Results: The study demonstrated that the expression level of circRNA8924 in CC was significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001), and that it was also associated with tumor size, FIGO staging and myometrial invasion. The knockdown of circRNA8924 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of CC cells SiHa and HeLa. The expression level of miR-518d-5p/519-5p was negatively correlated with circRNA8924, and circRNA8924 regulated CBX8 by competitively binding to miR-518d-5p/519-5p. Conclusions: CircRNA8924 is highly expressed in CC tissue and can be considered a competitive endogenous RNA of the miR-518d-5p/519-5p family to promote the malignant biological behavior of CC cells. It is suggested that it may serve as a new biomarker for CC diagnosis and disease progression and provide potential targets for targeted therapy.

All‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries are characterized as low cost and have high energy density, providing wearable devices with an ideal power source. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in air cathodes are obstacles to its flexible and rechargeable application. Herein, a strategy called MOF‐on‐MOF (MOF, metal‐organic framework) is presented for the structural design of air cathodes, which creatively develops an efficient oxygen catalyst comprising hierarchical Co3O4 nanoparticles anchored in nitrogen‐doped carbon nano‐micro arrays on flexible carbon cloth (Co3O4@N‐CNMAs/CC). This hierarchical and free‐standing structure design guarantees high catalyst loading on air cathodes with multiple electrocatalytic activity sites, undoubtedly boosting reaction kinetics, and energy density of an all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery. The integrated Co3O4@N‐CNMAs/CC cathode in an all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery exhibits a high open circuit potential of 1.461 V, a high capacity of 815 mAh g−1 Zn at 1 mA cm−2, a high energy density of 1010 Wh kg−1 Zn, excellent cycling stability as well as outstanding mechanical flexibility, significantly outperforming the Pt/C‐based cathode. This work opens a new door for the practical applications of rechargeable zinc–air batteries in wearable electronic devices. The unique hierarchical 3D‐on‐2D (dimension) architecture, creatively develops an efficient bifunctional oxygen catalyst comprising hierarchical Co3O4 nanoparticles anchored in nitrogen‐doped carbon nano‐micro arrays on flexible carbon cloth for an all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery, featuring multiple electrocatalytic activity sites. Further, it also opens new doors for the practical applications of zinc–air batteries in wearable electronic devices.

Background and Clinical Significance: In our case study, the patient experienced approximately a year-long delay in her diagnosis, where her initial diagnosis was mistakenly a primary psychiatric disorder, resulting in undue stress on her family. The aim of this case study is to raise awareness of frontal variant Alzheimer’s dementia (fvAD) and to increase knowledge amongst clinicians about this disorder, its management and the need for long-term follow up in specialized clinics. Case Presentation: In January 2023, a 56-year-old woman first presented with a 4-month history of worsening cognitive symptoms with considerable overlapping mood symptoms. Her Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 20/28, whereas her Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) score was 6/18. Upon neuropsychological evaluation, she demonstrated multidomain cognitive deficits, where impairments were most prominent in executive dysfunction, learning, memory and semantic fluency. There was evidence of progressive neurodegenerative changes, with brain MRI (April 2024) showing predominant bilateral frontal and parietal volume loss, sparing the occipital and temporal lobes. Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) was diffusely positive. A diagnosis of fvAD (frontal variant Alzheimer’s dementia) with BPSD was made. Other differential diagnoses included a major neurocognitive disorder due to multiple etiologies (AD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)), frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and the psychiatric disorder of pseudodementia secondary to a mood disorder. Conclusions: This case presented significant challenges given the atypical neuropsychological profile and the complexity of the symptom presentation with significant neuropsychiatric overlay. The preliminary research findings underscore the complexity of fvAD, warranting future research using fundamental approaches.

Background Frailty is a dynamic geriatric condition. Limited studies have examined the association of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its related indicators [TyG index, triglyceride glucose-waist to height ratio (TyG-WHtR), triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI)] with frailty, and the potential links among them remain unclear. On the basis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study investigated the potential relationships of the TyG index and its related indices with frailty. Methods This research included 7,965 participants from NHANES 2003–2018. The relationship of the TyG index and its related indices with frailty was investigated with binary logistic regression analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Potential influences were further investigated through stratified analyses and interaction tests. Results The prevalence of frailty in the participants of this study was 25.59%, with a average frailty index of 0.16 (0.00). In the three regression analysis models, the continuous TyG index and its associated indices were positively associated with frailty. In addition, quartiles of TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-BMI were significantly associated with increased frailty prevalence in the fully adjusted models (TyG Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.09, P  = 0.002; TyG-WC Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.90, 3.04, P  < 0.001; TyG-WHtR Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.82, 2.81, P  < 0.001; TyG- BMI Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.76, 2.64, P  < 0.001). According to RCS analysis, TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-BMI were linearly and positively associated with frailty. ROC curves revealed that TyG-WHtR (AUC: 0.654) had greater diagnostic value for frailty than TyG (AUC: 0.604), TyG-BMI (AUC: 0.621), and TyG-WC (AUC: 0.629). All of the stratified analyses and interaction tests showed similar results. Conclusions Elevated TyG and its associaed indices are associated with an increased prevalence of frailty. Reasonable control of blood glucose and blood lipids, and avoidance of obesity, may aid in reducing the occurrence of frailty in middle-aged and older adults.

The relationship between the weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) and the senescence-inhibitory protein Klotho remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between WWI and soluble Klotho (s-Klotho). This study analyzed 9,928 participants based on the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Three multiple linear regression models and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) were constructed to assess the association between WWI and s-Klotho levels. Further stratified analyses and interaction tests were performed to evaluate the stability of this association. Piecewise multivariate regression modeling was applied to detect threshold effects. The fully adjusted model showed a negative correlation between continuous WWI and s-Klotho levels (β = −23.65, 95% CI: −36.55, −10.76, P  < 0.001). When WWI was grouped into quartiles, participants in the highest quartile had significantly lower circulating s-Klotho levels than those in the lowest quartile (β = −40.65, 95% CI: −64.20, −17.10, P  = 0.001). The RCS curves showed a linear negative correlation between WWI and s-Klotho. Further stratified analyses showed that the correlation between WWI and s-Klotho remained stable in most conditions, except for gender. A nonlinear relationship and saturation effect were observed between WWI and s-Klotho in females, with an inflection point of 11.38 cm/√kg ( P for overall < 0.001; P for non-linearity = 0.013). However, no significant correlation was observed in males. There is a significant negative correlation between WWI and s-Klotho levels. Proper management of central obesity in middle-aged and older women may be beneficial in delaying senescence.

Background Advancements in RNA sequencing have expanded our ability to study gene expression profiles of biological samples in bulk tissue and single cells. Deconvolution of bulk data with single-cell references provides the ability to study relative cell-type proportions, but most methods assume a reference is present for every cell type in bulk data. This is not true in all circumstances—cell types can be missing in single-cell profiles for many reasons. In this study, we examine the impact of missing cell types on deconvolution methods. Results Using paired single-cell and single-nucleus data, we simulate realistic scenarios where cell types are missing since single-nucleus RNA sequencing is able to capture cell types that would otherwise be missing in a single-cell counterpart. Single-nucleus sequencing captures cell types absent in single-cell counterparts, allowing us to study their effects on deconvolution. We evaluate three different methods and find that performance is influenced by both the number and similarity of missing cell types. Additionally, missing cell-type profiles can be recovered from residuals using a simple non-negative matrix factorization strategy. We also analyzed real bulk data of cancerous and non-cancerous samples. We observe results consistent with simulation, namely that expression patterns from cell types likely to be missing appear present in residuals. Conclusions We expect our results to provide a starting point for those developing new deconvolution methods and help improve their to better account for the presence of missing cell types. Our results suggest that deconvolution methods should consider the possibility of missing cell types.

Undiagnosed cognitive impairment is a pervasive global issue, often due to subtle nature of early symptoms, necessitating the use of brief cognitive tests for early detection. However, most brief tests are not scalable (requiring trained professionals), and are not designed for lower literacy groups (e.g. in underserved communities). Here, we developed PENSIEVE-AI TM , a drawing-based digital test that is less dependent on literacy, and can be self-administered in <5 min. In a prospective study involving 1758 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older from Singapore (education range = 0–23 years), our deep-learning model showed excellent performance in detecting clinically-adjudicated mild cognitive impairment and dementia (AUC = 93%), comparable to traditional neuropsychological assessments (AUC = 94%, P comparison  = 1.000). Results were consistent even across education subgroups. Being less dependent on literacy, PENSIEVE-AI holds promise for broader deployment in literacy-diverse populations similar to Singapore (e.g. some Asian and lower- and middle-income countries), potentially improving early detection and intervention of cognitive impairment. PENSIEVE-AI is a drawing-based, digital cognitive test that can be self-administered in <5 min. It matches traditional tests in detecting cognitive impairment and dementia, offering promise for early detection in literacy-diverse populations.

A novel hybrid, highly dispersed spinel Co-Mo sulfide nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (Co 3 S 4 /CoMo 2 S 4 @rGO), is reported as anode for lithium and sodium ion storage. The hybrid is synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method but exhibits excellent lithium and sodium storage performances. The as-synthesized Co 3 S 4 /CoMo 2 S 4 @rGO presents reversible capacity of 595.4 mA·h·g −1 and 408.8 mA·h·g −1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A·g −1 for lithium and sodium ion storages, respectively. Such superior performances are attributed to the unique composition and structure of Co 3 S 4 /CoMo 2 S 4 @rGO. The rGO provides a good electronically conductive network and ensures the formation of spinel Co 3 S 4 /CoMo 2 S 4 nanoparticles, the Co 3 S 4 /CoMo 2 S 4 nanoparticles provide large reaction surface for lithium and sodium intercalation/deintercalation, and the spinel structure allows fast lithium and sodium ion diffusion in three dimensions.

Co-free Li-rich oxide shows promise as a cathode for low-cost high-energy density Li-ion batteries but presents poor cyclic stability. To address this issue, a novel CeO2-coated Li-rich oxide composite is developed by applying a layer of CeO2 onto Co-free Li-rich oxide through a low-temperature-aged process. With this uniform coating, the resulting composite presents improved cyclic stability as well as rate capability as the cathode of a Li-ion battery. The capacity retention of the resulting composite is increased from 67% to 85% after 100 cycles, and its capacity retention of 5 C/0.05 C is enhanced from 10% to 23% compared with the uncoated sample. Such significant improvements indicate that this low-temperature-aged process is promising for preparing Co-free Li-rich oxides as cathodes of low-cost high-energy density Li-ion batteries.