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The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is high and the prognosis is extremely poor. However, the potential connection between HD and AMI, and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the gene expression profiles of HD (GSE15072) and AMI (GSE66360) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the limma R package, the biological functions were analyzed according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, machine learning was conducted to identify hub genes. Receiver operating characteristic curves and gene set enrichment analyses were used to explore the characters and biological function of hub genes, networks were used for candidate identification of transcription factor (TF), microRNA (miRNA), and drug. After a total of 255 common DEGs were selected, GO and KEGG analyses indicated that neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) may be a potential connection between HD and AMI, LILRB2, S100A12, CYBB, ITGAM, and PPIF were finally identified as hub genes. The area under curve of LILRB2, S100A12, and PPIF was higher than 0.8 in both datasets. Networks show the relationship between hub genes, TF, and miRNA, also the relationship between potential drugs and protein. In conclusion, NETs may be the potential connection between AMI and HD. The potential hub gene, signaling pathways, and drugs provided by this study may contribute to future AMI prevention and intervention in HD patients.

Background The tumor-adipose microenvironment (TAME) is characterized by the enrichment of adipocytes, and is considered a special ecosystem that supports cancer progression. However, the heterogeneity and diversity of adipocytes in TAME remains poorly understood. Methods We conducted a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of adipocytes in mouse and human white adipose tissue (WAT). We analyzed several adipocyte subtypes to evaluate their relationship and potential as prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). The potential drugs are screened by using bioinformatics methods. The tumor-promoting effects of a typical adipocyte subtype in breast cancer are validated by performing in vitro functional assays and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical samples. Results We profiled a comprehensive single-cell atlas of adipocyte in mouse and human WAT and described their characteristics, origins, development, functions and interactions with immune cells. Several cancer-associated adipocyte subtypes, namely DPP4 + adipocytes in visceral adipose and ADIPOQ + adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose, are identified. We found that high levels of these subtypes are associated with unfavorable outcomes in four typical adipose-associated cancers. Some potential drugs including Trametinib, Selumetinib and Ulixertinib are discovered. Emphatically, knockdown of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 impaired the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Patients with AdipoR2-high breast cancer display significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) than those with AdipoR2-low breast cancer. Conclusion Our results provide a novel understanding of TAME at the single-cell level. Based on our findings, several adipocyte subtypes have negative impact on prognosis. These cancer-associated adipocytes may serve as key prognostic predictor and potential targets for treatment in the future.

Background: Chronic kidney disease has become a leading public health concern in China, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. However, the overall situation regarding common glomerular diseases in China remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the national profile of the common types of glomerulonephritis in China. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and Wanfang databases for English and Chinese language articles from inception to September 2017. We also collected potentially relevant studies and reviews using a manual search. The following words in combinations are as keywords: \"renal biopsy\", \"kidney pathological diagnosis\", and \"spectrum of pathological types\". Results: We identified 23 studies involving 176,355 patients from 15 provinces/cities in China. The detection rates of primary glomerulonephritis (PGN) and secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN) were 0.740 and 0.221, respectively. Over the past 30 years, the top five types of PGN were immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN; 24.3%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN; 10.5%), membranous nephropathy (MN; 12.6%), minimal change disease (MCD; 9.8%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS; 4.6%), and the top four types of SGN were lupus nephritis (LN; 8.6%), Henoch-Schönlein purpura glomerulonephritis (4.1%), hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN; 2.6%), and diabetic nephropathy (DN; 1.6%). The proportion of MN, MCD, HBV-GN, and DN tended to increase, while those of IgAN, MsPGN, FSGS, and LN tended to drop. Conclusions: Although the incidence of SGN is increasing gradually, PGN is still the leading form of kidney disease in patients undergoing renal biopsies in China. IgAN and LN are the most common types of PGN and SGN, respectively. Differences between regions are related to various factors such as nationality, environment, and diet. Furthermore, unified standards and norms for evaluating renal biopsies are urgently needed.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease and represents the most prevalent type of renal pathology in adult patients afflicted with nephrotic syndrome. Despite substantial evidence suggesting a possible link between MN and cancer, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we acquired and integrated two MN datasets (comprising a single-cell dataset and a bulk RNA-seq dataset) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for differential expression gene (DEG) analysis, hub genes were obtained by LASSO and random forest algorithms, the diagnostic ability of hub genes was assessed using ROC curves, and the degree of immune cell infiltration was evaluated using the ssGSEA function. Concurrently, we gathered pan-cancer-related genes from the TCGA and GTEx databases, to analyze the expression, mutation status, drug sensitivity and prognosis of hub genes in pan-cancer. We conducted intersections between the set of 318 senescence-related genes and the 366 DEGs, resulting in the identification of 13 senescence-related DEGs. Afterwards, we meticulously analyzed these genes using the LASSO and random forest algorithms, which ultimately led to the discovery of six hub genes through intersection ( , , , , , and ). ROC curves suggest that these hub genes have good recognition of MN. After performing correlation analysis, examining immune infiltration, and conducting a comprehensive pan-cancer investigation, we validated these six hub genes through immunohistochemical analysis using human renal biopsy tissues. The pan-cancer analysis notably accentuates the robust association between these hub genes and the prognoses of individuals afflicted by diverse cancer types, further underscoring the importance of mutations within these hub genes across various cancers. This evidence indicates that these genes could potentially play a pivotal role as a critical link connecting MN and cancer. As a result, they may hold promise as valuable targets for intervention in cases of both MN and cancer.

Smoking is widely acknowledged for its harmful effects on multiple organs. However, its specific causal relationship with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain. This study applied bivariate causal analysis and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methods to examine the association between various smoking behaviors - initiation, cessation, age at initiation, cigarettes smoked per day, and lifetime smoking - and CKD, using genome-wide data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analytical tool, supported by sensitivity analyses, pleiotropy assessments, and mediation analyses. External validation was conducted using independent datasets. The results revealed positive associations between CKD and smoking initiation (Pivw = 1.8 × 10 , OR = 1.192), earlier age at initiation (Pivw = 2.3 × 10 , OR = 1.481), cigarettes smoked per day (Pivw = 8.8 × 10 , OR = 1.216), and lifetime smoking (Pivw = 2.3 × 10 , OR = 2.445). In contrast, smoking cessation demonstrated a protective effect against CKD (Pivw = 4.0 × 10 , OR = 0.791). External validation results aligned with the primary findings, and the absence of significant heterogeneity confirmed the robustness of the MR analysis. Additionally, the effect of smoking on CKD was mediated by factors such as body mass index, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. These findings identify smoking as a contributing factor to CKD and suggest that reducing smoking prevalence could significantly lower the incidence of CKD in the population.

Objective To investigate the extent of knowledge about breastfeeding and attitudes towards infant feeding among spouses of puerperas at the time of discharge from hospital, and explore the factors influencing spousal attitudes toward breastfeeding. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey among 204 spouses of puerperas who were admitted in the maternity wards at a tertiary hospital in Shaanxi Province between October 2021 and December 2021. Respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified using convenient sampling. Results (1) The score of breastfeeding knowledge among spouses prior to discharge from the hospital was (10.56 ± 3.78), with an accuracy rate of 59.6%, and the lowest accuracy rate was for Item 1 “Newborns should be fed on time, not on demand” (42.6%) and Item 5 “Breastfeeding can prevent infant rickets” (49.5%). (2) The average score of spouses’ infant feeding attitudes was (58.15 ± 5.55), and the lowest scoring was for Item 17 “Daily urine volume of infants is a reliable indicator to judge whether they get enough breast milk” (1.99 ± 1.14). (3) Generalized linear model analysis showed a more positive attitude (higher score) among spousal attitudes towards infant feeding in those who had received breastfeeding education [OR = 4.588, 95% CI (0.160 ∼ 3.598)] and those with a master’s degree or above [OR = 18.278, 95% CI (3.471 ∼ 9.346)]. Conclusion (1) Spouses that received breastfeeding education and those that had a Masters Degree and above had more positive attitude towards infant feeding. (2) Medical staff should focus on puerperas’spouses with degrees below master’s level who had not received breastfeeding education. We recommend using a variety of education methods to enable them to acquire more knowledge on breastfeeding and develop a more positive attitude towards breastfeeding, which will further enhance spousal support for breastfeeding, thus positivizing postpartum co-parenting attitudes and improving the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.

Hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN) is the most common renal extra-hepatic manifestation in patients with chronic HBV infection. In September 2015, we searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases, and the reference lists of retrieved articles, to identify relevant studies. Descriptions of antiviral drugs used to treat HBV-MN were included in our review. Two authors independently screened all relevant articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Nine hundred and fifty-four papers have been considered after electronic and manual searching, only five relevant studies were identified. Complete remission (OR = 26.87, 95% CI: 8.06 to 89.52), total remission (OR = 10.31, 95% CI: 3.59 to 29.63) of proteinuria and HBeAg clearance (OR = 20.91, 95% CI: 6.90 to 63.39) increased significantly after antiviral therapy. No significant differences were seen between interferon and nucleoside analog treatments. Our study found that antiviral therapy was an effective treatment in HBV-MN patients; interferon and nucleoside analogs were equally effective at causing proteinuria remission and HBeAg clearance.

Background It has been performed worldwidely to explore the potential of animals that might be a reservoir for community associated human infections of Clostridioides difficile . Several genetically undistinguished PCR ribotypes of C. difficile from animals and human have been reported, illustrating potential transmission of C. difficile between them. Pig and calf were considered as the main origins of C. difficile with predominant RT078 and RT033, respectively. As more investigations involved, great diversity of molecular types from pig and calf were reported in Europe, North American and Australia. However, there were quite limited research on C. difficile isolates from meat animals in China, leading to non-comprehensive understanding of molecular epidemiology of C. difficile in China. Results A total of 55 C. difficile were isolated from 953 animal stool samples, within which 51 strains were from newborn dairy calf less than 7 days in Shandong Province. These isolates were divided into 3 STs and 6 RTs, of which ST11/RT126 was predominant type, and responsible for majority antibiotic resistance isolates. All the isolates were resistant to at least one tested antibiotics, however, only two multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were identified. Furthermore, erythromycin (ERY) and clindamycin (CLI) were the two main resistant antibiotics. None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin (VAN), metronidazole (MTZ), tetracycline (TET), and rifampin (RIF). Conclusions In this study, we analyzed the prevalence, molecular characters and antibiotic resistance of C. difficile from calf, sheep, chicken, and pig in China. Some unique features were found here: first, RT126 not RT078 were the dominant type from baby calf, and none isolates were got from pig; second, on the whole, isolates from animals display relative lower resistant rate to these 11 tested antibiotics, compared with isolates from human in China in our previous report. Our study helps to deep understanding the situation of C. difficile from economic animals in China, and to further study the potential transmission of C. difficile between meat animals and human.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) may indicate concurrent minimal change disease (MCD). This study characterized the IgAN-MCD overlap phenotype using anti-nephrin autoantibodies (IgG co-localization) in NS-IgAN patients, assessing its prevalence and therapeutic implications. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 67 biopsy-confirmed NS-IgAN patients (2010-2024) with ≥1-year follow-up. Patients were stratified by treatment response into complete remission (CR, n = 24) and non-remission (NR, n = 26) groups. Renal biopsies were evaluated for anti-nephrin autoantibodies via IgG co-localization and podocyte ultrastructure. Longitudinal data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Benjamini-Hochberg correction; time-to-remission was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. CR patients showed significantly lower baseline serum albumin (18.8 ± 4.0 vs. 24.1 ± 4.2 g/L, < 0.001) and higher eGFR (101 ± 29 vs. 62 ± 35 mL/min/1.73m²,  < 0.001) compared to NR patients. Anti-nephrin IgG co-localization was detected in 54.2% of CR patients but absent in NR patients ( < 0.001). Cox regression identified anti-nephrin positivity as a strong predictor of faster remission (HR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17-0.90; = 0.028). CR patients achieved rapid proteinuria remission (0.1 ± 0.1 vs. 7.0 ± 0.8 g/24h at 1 month, < 0.001) with significant time×group interactions for proteinuria ( = 0.001) and serum albumin ( = 0.004). An estimated 35.8% of NS-IgAN cases represented IgAN-MCD overlap. A significant subset (~36%) of NS-IgAN patients exhibit an IgAN-MCD overlap state identifiable by renal anti-nephrin IgG co-localization, demonstrating MCD-like pathology and excellent corticosteroid response. This biomarker integration can guide personalized therapy, enabling effective short-course treatment for overlap cases while avoiding unnecessary long-term immunosuppression in classic NS-IgAN.

China has a high burden of gonorrhea, but an imbalanced male-to-female (M/F) ratio of reported cases. Therefore, the prevalence of gonorrhea in China may be underestimated due to inadequate testing of potentially infected females. The objective of this study is to investigate the cause of this imbalanced M/F ratio and develop strategies to enhance gonorrhea surveillance, particularly among females. The national center for STD control (NCSTDC) of China CDC collected data in Zhongshan city over the year 2018 from the National Notifiable Disease Report System (NNDRS) and the Hospital and Laboratory Information Systems (HIS and LIS) that obtains information from 24 hospitals. Analysis of 1,542 reported cases of gonorrhea and the case distribution among different hospitals showed that most of the female cases (80.31%) were reported by gynecological clinics. The M/F ratio of reported cases varied between different hospitals and was dependent on the intensity of testing of females by their gynecological clinics. This study showed a significant correlation between M/F ratios and the relative contribution of female gonorrhea testing, especially in gynecology clinics. Enhancing gonorrhea testing among females should be advocated to improve surveillance in China.