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Digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) based repeater jamming can create false targets, which can lead to a loss of situational awareness, misidentification of targets, and decreased overall performance of the radar system. Traditional jamming suppression methods do not give due importance to the accurate estimation of the jamming edge, resulting in jamming residual and poor anti-jamming performance. To tackle this issue, this paper explores the reason and impact of inaccurate jamming edge estimation and proposes a DRFM-based repeater jamming reconstruction and cancellation method with accurate edge detection. In the proposed method, firstly, multiple jamming parameters are obtained by computing the short-time fractional Fourier transformation (STFRFT) spectrogram of the received signal. To avoid jamming residue, the proposed method estimates the accurate jamming edges by the joint use of the difference of box (DOB) filters and time domain deconvolution (TDDC) curves. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness in countering smeared spectrum (SMSP) and interrupted sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ). The results demonstrate its superior jamming reconstruction and suppression performance than other methods.

Distributed array radar achieves high angular resolution and measurement accuracy, which could provide a solution to suppress digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) repeater jamming. However, owing to the large aperture of a distributed radar, the far-field plane wave assumption is no longer satisfied. Consequently, traditional adaptive beamforming methods cannot work effectively due to mismatched steering vectors. To address this issue, a DRFM repeater jamming suppression method based on joint range-angle sparse recovery and beamforming for distributed array radar is proposed in this paper. First, the steering vectors of the distributed array are reconstructed according to the spherical wave model under near-field conditions. Then, a joint range-angle sparse dictionary is generated using reconstructed steering vectors, and the range-angle position of jamming is estimated using the weighted L1-norm singular value decomposition (W-L1-SVD) algorithm. Finally, beamforming with joint range-angle nulling is implemented based on the linear constrained minimum variance (LCMV) algorithm for jamming suppression. The performance and effectiveness of proposed method is validated by simulations and experiments on an actual ground-based distributed array radar system.

In the presence of coherent interference, adaptive beamforming algorithm fails to form nulls in the direction of interference, leading to cancellation of expect signal. To address this issue, this paper proposes a coherent interference suppression method with virtual array and multi‐stage spatial smoothing (MSS). In the proposed method, the adaptive weight acquired by the spatial smoothing (SS) algorithm is applied to all subarrays to generate a virtual array. Another adaptive weight is then acquired from the virtual array using the SS algorithm and applied to all subarrays of the virtual array to generate another virtual array. The process is iterated until there are insufficient array elements for SS. The proposed method can deeply break the correlation between expect signal and coherent interference and form deep nulls in the direction of coherent interference. Coherent interference suppression method with virtual array and multi‐stage spatial smoothing.

In a randomized, double-blind, Phase III study, we compared pasireotide long-acting release (pasireotide LAR) with octreotide long-acting repeatable (octreotide LAR) in managing carcinoid symptoms refractory to first-generation somatostatin analogues. Adults with carcinoid tumors of the digestive tract were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive pasireotide LAR (60 mg) or octreotide LAR (40 mg) every 28 days. Primary outcome was symptom control based on frequency of bowel movements and flushing episodes. Objective tumor response was a secondary outcome. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated in a post hoc analysis. Adverse events were recorded. At the time of a planned interim analysis, the data monitoring committee recommended halting the study because of a low predictive probability of showing superiority of pasireotide over octreotide for symptom control (n=43 pasireotide LAR, 20.9%; n=45 octreotide LAR, 26.7%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-1.97; P=0.53). Tumor control rate at month 6 was 62.7% with pasireotide and 46.2% with octreotide (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.89-4.32; P=0.09). Median (95% CI) PFS was 11.8 months (11.0 - not reached) with pasireotide versus 6.8 months (5.6 - not reached) with octreotide (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20-0.98; P=0.045). The most frequent drug-related adverse events (pasireotide vs octreotide) included hyperglycemia (28.3% vs 5.3%), fatigue (11.3% vs 3.5%), and nausea (9.4% vs 0%). We conclude that, among patients with carcinoid symptoms refractory to available somatostatin analogues, similar proportions of patients receiving pasireotide LAR or octreotide LAR achieved symptom control at month 6. Pasireotide LAR showed a trend toward higher tumor control rate at month 6, although it was statistically not significant, and was associated with a longer PFS than octreotide LAR.

Berberine is a plant alkaloid with anti-diabetic action. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway has been proposed as mechanism for berberine's action. This study aimed to examine whether AMPK activation was necessary for berberine's glucose-lowering effect. We found that in HepG2 hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes, berberine significantly increased glucose consumption and lactate release in a dose-dependent manner. AMPK and acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACC) phosphorylation were stimulated by 20 µmol/L berberine. Nevertheless, berberine was still effective on stimulating glucose utilization and lactate production, when the AMPK activation was blocked by (1) inhibition of AMPK activity by Compound C, (2) suppression of AMPKα expression by siRNA, and (3) blockade of AMPK pathway by adenoviruses containing dominant-negative forms of AMPKα1/α2. To test the effect of berberine on oxygen consumption, extracellular flux analysis was performed in Seahorse XF24 analyzer. The activity of respiratory chain complex I was almost fully blocked in C2C12 myotubes by berberine. Metformin, as a positive control, showed similar effects as berberine. These results suggest that berberine and metformin promote glucose metabolism by stimulating glycolysis, which probably results from inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, independent of AMPK activation.

China’s technical progress on emissions and vast ocean area make the study for CO2 emission reduction suitable in a marine fishery. This study uses the slack variables of SBM and the Malmquist index to analyze the CO2 emission efficiency of Trawler, Seine net, Drift net, Fixed net, and Angling, along with their efficiency values, distinguishing the impact of technological progress, scale expansion, and technological efficiency. Results show that the CO2 emission efficiency of the Angling and Seine industry is high with the development potential of the low-carbon fishery. Moreover, China’s technological progress is increasing, but the technical efficiency of CO2 emission reduction is declining. Lack of pure technical efficiency is the primary constraint of low-carbon capture fishery, making changes in efficiency show a downward trend. These results expand the research depth of the efficiency impact of technological progress and reveal that technological progress keeps increasing, but the CO2 emission reduction efficiency is decreasing. This indicates that emission reduction requires both technological growth and the technology’s capacity to reduce CO2 emissions efficiently.

In this study, butt welds of QP980 steel were produced using small laser spot (0.1 mm) oscillating welding. The effect of beam oscillation with a circular trajectory on weld morphologies, microstructures, and mechanical properties was characterized. As the oscillating amplitude rose, the energy accumulation range enlarged, and the energy peak value was decreased, leading to the appearance of the cross-section changing from a nail-like shape to a cup-cone-like shape and then to a W-type shape. The weld zone is divided into the fusion zone, inner heat-affected zone, and outer soften zone. The fusion zone and inner heat-affected zone are full of typical lath martensite and have the highest hardness. The soften zone is composed of pre-existing martensite, temper martensite, ferrite, and retained austenite and has the lowest hardness. Compared to laser welding, beam oscillation could reduce the pre-existing block martensite to decompose, leading to a narrower width and higher hardness soften zone. Although the width of the fusion zone and soften zone increases with the oscillation amplitude, all welded samples failed at the base metal with 97% joint efficiency.

Second-generation mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors such as CC-223 may have theoretical advantages over first-generation drugs by inhibiting TOR kinase in mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2), potentially improving clinical efficacy for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET).Enrolled patients had metastatic, well-differentiated NET of non-pancreatic gastrointestinal or unknown origin, with/without carcinoid symptoms, had failed ≥1 systemic chemotherapy, and were taking a somatostatin analog (SSA). Oral once-daily CC-223 was administered in 28-day cycles starting at 45 mg (n = 24), with a subsequent cohort starting at 30 mg (n = 23). Objectives were to evaluate tolerability, preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetic and biomarker profiles of CC-223. Forty-seven patients completed the study, with mean treatment duration of 378 days and mean dose of 26 mg; 26% of patients remained on the starting dose. Most frequent grade ≥3 toxicities were diarrhea (38%), fatigue (21%), and stomatitis (11%). By investigator, 3 of 41 evaluable patients (7%) showed partial response (PR) and 34 (83%) had stable disease (SD) for a disease control rate (DCR) of 90% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.9-97.3%). Duration of PR was 125-401 days; median SD duration was 297 days (min-max, 50-1519 days). Median progression-free survival was 19.5 months (95% CI 10.4-28.5 months). Carcinoid symptoms of flushing, diarrhea, or both improved in 50%, 41%, and 39% of affected patients, respectively. For the first time, this study describes that a second-generation mTOR pathway inhibitor can result in highly durable tumor regression and control of NET carcinoid symptoms. The manageable safety profile, high DCR, and durable response, coupled with reduction in carcinoid symptoms refractory to SSA, make CC-223 a promising agent for further development.

This paper explores the change of enterprises’ investment following the financing system reform through the established stochastic investment model. In this constructed model, financing property, market-oriented reform, and government intervention are regarded as a stochastic process. Furthermore, the modern China’s economic situation is interpreted to analyze the enterprises’ investment by government intervention plan combined with he deduced proposition from the stochastic investment model. The results provide a depth understanding for characteristics of the enterprise in China that the steady capital of state-owned enterprises’ investment is higher than that of non-state-owned enterprises without government intervention before completing financing reform. Although government intervention can increase the investment level of state-owned enterprises, doing so increases the turbulence of the market economy. Additionally, the impact of government-led financing reform on enterprises’ investment is asymmetrical. Promoting market-oriented, clear-cut financing reform, and reducing government-led investment plans will improve enterprises’ investment efficiency and stabilize China’s economic development. The present paper provides a specific future orientation of China’s financing reform determining the level of enterprises’ investment.

Second-generation mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors such as CC-223 may have theoretical advantages over first-generation drugs by inhibiting TOR kinase in mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2), potentially improving clinical efficacy for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET).Enrolled patients had metastatic, well-differentiated NET of non-pancreatic gastrointestinal or unknown origin, with/without carcinoid symptoms, had failed [greater than or equal to]1 systemic chemotherapy, and were taking a somatostatin analog (SSA). Oral once-daily CC-223 was administered in 28-day cycles starting at 45 mg (n = 24), with a subsequent cohort starting at 30 mg (n = 23). Objectives were to evaluate tolerability, preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetic and biomarker profiles of CC-223. Forty-seven patients completed the study, with mean treatment duration of 378 days and mean dose of 26 mg; 26% of patients remained on the starting dose. Most frequent grade [greater than or equal to]3 toxicities were diarrhea (38%), fatigue (21%), and stomatitis (11%). By investigator, 3 of 41 evaluable patients (7%) showed partial response (PR) and 34 (83%) had stable disease (SD) for a disease control rate (DCR) of 90% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.9-97.3%). Duration of PR was 125-401 days; median SD duration was 297 days (min-max, 50-1519 days). Median progression-free survival was 19.5 months (95% CI 10.4-28.5 months). Carcinoid symptoms of flushing, diarrhea, or both improved in 50%, 41%, and 39% of affected patients, respectively. For the first time, this study describes that a second-generation mTOR pathway inhibitor can result in highly durable tumor regression and control of NET carcinoid symptoms. The manageable safety profile, high DCR, and durable response, coupled with reduction in carcinoid symptoms refractory to SSA, make CC-223 a promising agent for further development.