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Background Uveitis is an inflammatory ocular disease that can lead to vision impairment. Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) models are commonly used in animal studies to investigate acute uveitis for drug screening and understanding disease mechanisms. However, most clinical scoring systems for EIU were developed for rat models. Applying these rat-derived criteria to rabbit EIU models may introduce inaccuracies due to interspecies differences between rabbit and rat eyes, potentially affecting the precision of inflammation assessment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish a novel clinical scoring system for rabbit EIU models. Methods In this study, a novel quantitative scoring system based on anterior chamber photography, using iris hyperemia, anterior chamber exudates, and hypopyon as key indicators, was established based on the clinical manifestations of EIU in rabbits. Results Utilizing triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as a model drug, the treatment groups showed significantly lower scores in rabbit EIU compared to control groups at different stages. This novel scoring system effectively reflected the therapeutic efficacy of varying TA concentrations. In contrast, the classical rat-derived scoring system was less sensitive in distinguishing disease activity at different levels of immunosuppression. The interobserver consistency was strong with a kappa value of 0.796. Conclusion This novel EIU scoring system, tailored specifically for rabbits, demonstrates excellent feasibility, sensitivity, and reproducibility.

Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is often a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in nature, and patients may have or eventually develop central nervous system lymphoma, which frequently leads to a poor prognosis. Currently, there are no international or domestic clinical guidelines specifically for the diagnosis and treatment of VRL, and no standardized diagnostic procedures or treatment evaluation systems for this disease. VRL is clinically characterized by prominent vitreous opacities, multiple lesions beneath the retinal pigment epithelium or subretinal, and intraretinal infiltration, making it one of the most common masquerade syndromes in ophthalmology. To promote early diagnosis and standardized treatment of VRL, the Ocular Immunology Group of the Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch has developed \"Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma in Chinese Patients (2024)\", based on extensive references to diagnosis, treatment experiences and relevant clinical recommendations. The working group systematically reviewed and comprehensively summarized the latest research evidence from both domestic and international sources. Using the Oxford Evidence Level System, we assessed the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations. This guideline provides crucial academic references and clinical practice guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of VRL patients. This guideline, including VRL diagnostic methods, processes, and treatment recommendations is suitable for clinical practice in China and is intended to assist ophthalmologists in clinical diagnosis and treatment of VRL.