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Late-Night Overeating and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Adults Aged ≥ 50: A Cohort Study
Late-night overeating (LNOE) is closely associated with many health risk factors, but whether LNOE can increase the risk of death remains unknown. Thus, the prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between LNOE and mortality using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
11,893 participants aged 50 years and older were included in the study. Dietary information was obtained through 24-h dietary recall interviews. Cox regression, subgroup, sensitivity, and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between LNOE and mortality.
During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 2,498 deaths occurred. After adjusting for major confounders, compared to the non-late-night eating (NLNE) group, the LNOE group was associated with higher risks of all-cause (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06–2.04) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.13–3.60). No significant association was found between late-night eating (LNE) and mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that the LNOE group had a greater risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in participants older than 70 years, with alcohol consumption and hypertension and demonstrated an increased risk of all-cause mortality in males and higher CVD mortality in females.
The habit of LNOE was an independent risk factor for all-cause and CVD mortality in US adults aged 50 years and older, which was also influenced by age, sex, alcohol consumption, and hypertension.
Journal Article
الثقة في النظرية : نجاح لنظام التنمية (البديل) الخاص بالصين
جاء هذا الكتاب تحت عنوان «الثقة في النظرية : نجاح لنظام التنمية \"البديل\" الخاص بالصين» وهو من تأليف (مايا غيو) وترجمة عبد الرحمن النجار. يبحث الكتاب في التطور الصيني السريع خلال الستة عقود الماضية، والدور الذي لعبه الحزب الشيوعي الصيني في تحويل الصين إلى دولة اشتراكية حديثة مزدهرة وقوية وديمقراطية ومتطورة ثقافيا ويستكشف ويستكشف فيما إذا كان صعود الصين يهدد نموذج التنمية الغربي وخاصة بعد أن أضحى صعود الصين حقيقة لا جدال فيها. يعتبر هذا الكتاب من أنجح الكتب التي نشرت عن الصين اليوم. فهو يقدم حججا مقنعة حول نهوض الصين. وتستند الآراء المعبر عنها في الكتاب ليس فقط إلى 60 عاما من تاريخ جمهورية الصين الشعبية وإنجازاتها الملحوظة في العقود الثلاثة الماضية، ولكن أيضا على تاريخها الحديث منذ عام 1840، وتاريخها الذي دام 2000 عام كدولة موحدة، وحضارتها ذات ال 5000 سنة. وتعكس المقابلات التي أجرتها المؤلفة \"مايا غيو\" مراقبتها الدقيقة للصين اليوم. إذ تضمنت أشخاصا من دوائر مختلفة، تشمل مجالات خبرتهم السياسة والاقتصاد والمجتمع والوضع الوطني وتاريخ دبلوماسية الحزب الشيوعي الصيني والاستراتيجية العسكرية وإدارة ممتلكات الدولة والرعاية الصحية والأعمال التجارية الخاصة. وتختلف موضوعات المقابلات على نطاق واسع؛ فمن النظم والنظرية والتطوير والإصلاح، إلى نوعية الحياة والاستراتيجية والدبلوماسية وجميع من كان فيها يؤيدون التعلم من الحضارات الإنسانية، ولكنهم يصرون في الوقت نفسه على ضرورة اتخاذ مسار يناسب الصين بدلا من استنساخ النموذج الغربي. يأتي هذا الكتاب من ضمن سلسلة تتألف من ثلاثة كتب وهي : الثقة في المسار : نموذج جديد لقوة صاعدة، الثقة في النظرية : فلسفة الصين لنظام دولي جديد، والثقة في النظام : نجاح نظام التنمية \"البديل\" في الصين. بما يوفر للقارئ مقاربة نظرية وواقعية لمسار الصين ونظريتها ونظامها، ويشرح أسباب ثقة الدولة الصينية في خياراتها.
Book
Enhanced thermal stability of nanograined metals below a critical grain size
Synthesizing metals with extremely small (nanoscale) grain sizes makes for much stronger materials. However, very small–grained materials start to coarsen at relatively low temperatures, wiping out their most desirable properties. Zhou
et al.
discovered a way to avoid this problem by mechanically grinding copper and nickel at liquid nitrogen temperatures. The processing method creates low-angle grain boundaries between the nanograins, which promotes thermal stability.
Science
, this issue p.
526
Low-temperature plastic deformation creates nanoscale metals more resilient to higher-temperature grain coarsening.
The limitation of nanograined materials is their strong tendency to coarsen at elevated temperatures. As grain size decreases into the nanoscale, grain coarsening occurs at much lower temperatures, as low as ambient temperatures for some metals. We discovered that nanometer-sized grains in pure copper and nickel produced from plastic deformation at low temperatures exhibit notable thermal stability below a critical grain size. The instability temperature rises substantially at smaller grain sizes, and the nanograins remain stable even above the recrystallization temperatures of coarse grains. The inherent thermal stability of nanograins originates from an autonomous grain boundary evolution to low-energy states due to activation of partial dislocations in plastic deformation.
Journal Article
Gut microbiota composition and bone mineral loss—epidemiologic evidence from individuals in Wuhan, China
SummaryWe explored the association between gut microbiota composition and bone mineral loss in Chinese elderly people by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Compared with controls, a smaller number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), several taxa with altered abundance, and specific functional pathways were found in individuals with low-bone mineral density (BMD).IntroductionGut microbiota plays important roles in human health and associates with a number of diseases. However, few studies explored its association with bone mineral loss in human.MethodsWe collected 102 fecal samples from each eligible individual belonging to low-BMD and control groups for high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsThe low-BMD individuals had a smaller number of OTUs and bacterial taxa at each level. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes were more abundant in the low-BMD group; Firmicutes were enriched in the control group; Firmicutes and Actinobacteria positively correlated and Bacteroidetes negatively correlated with the BMD and T-score in all subjects. At the family level, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae in low-BMD individuals reduced and positively correlated with BMD and T-score; meanwhile, BMD increased with increasing Bifidobacteriaceae. At the genus level, low-BMD individuals had decreased proportions of Roseburia compared with control ones (P < 0.05). Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus positively correlated with BMD and T-score. Furthermore, BMD increased with rising abundance of Bifidobacterium. Functional prediction revealed that 93 metabolic pathways significantly differed between the two groups (FDR-corrected P < 0.05). Most pathways, especially pathways related to LPS biosynthesis, were more abundant in low-BMD individuals than in control ones.ConclusionsSeveral taxa with altered abundance and specific functional pathways were discovered in low-BMD individuals. Our findings provide novel epidemiologic evidence to elucidate the underlying microbiota-relevant mechanism in bone mineral loss and osteoporosis.
Journal Article
α4 is highly expressed in carcinogen-transformed human cells and primary human cancers
A regulator of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), α4, has been implicated in a variety of functions that regulate many cellular processes. To explore the role of α4 in human cell transformation and tumorigenesis, we show that α4 is highly expressed in human cells transformed by chemical carcinogens including benzo(
a
)pyrene, aflatoxin B
1
,
N
-methyl-
N
′-nitro-
N
-nitrosoguanidine, nickel sulfate and in several hepatic and lung cancer cell lines. In addition, overexpression of α4 was detected in 87.5% (74/80) of primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 84.0% (21/25) of primary lung cancers and 81.8% (9/11) of primary breast cancers, indicating that α4 is ubiquitously highly expressed in human cancer. Functional studies revealed that elevated α4 expression results in an increase in cell proliferation, promotion of cell survival and decreased PP2A-attributable activity. Importantly, ectopic expression of α4 permits non-transformed human embryonic kidney cells (HEKTER) and L02R cells to form tumors in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, we show that the highly expressed α4 in transformed cells or human tumors is not regulated by DNA hypomethylation. A microRNA, miR-34b, that suppresses the expression of α4 through specific binding to the 3′-untranslated region of α4 is downregulated in transformed or human lung tumors. Taken together, these observations identify that α4 possesses an oncogenic function. Reduction of PP2A activity due to an enhanced α4–PP2A interaction contributes directly to chemical carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis.
Journal Article
Diverse polarization angle swings from a repeating fast radio burst source
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients
1
,
2
of unknown origin. Two possible mechanisms that could generate extremely coherent emission from FRBs invoke neutron star magnetospheres
3
–
5
or relativistic shocks far from the central energy source
6
–
8
. Detailed polarization observations may help us to understand the emission mechanism. However, the available FRB polarization data have been perplexing, because they show a host of polarimetric properties, including either a constant polarization angle during each burst for some repeaters
9
,
10
or variable polarization angles in some other apparently one-off events
11
,
12
. Here we report observations of 15 bursts from FRB 180301 and find various polarization angle swings in seven of them. The diversity of the polarization angle features of these bursts is consistent with a magnetospheric origin of the radio emission, and disfavours the radiation models invoking relativistic shocks.
Polarization observations of the fast radio burst FRB 180301 with the FAST radio telescope show diverse polarization angle swings, consistent with a magnetospheric origin of the emission.
Journal Article
Tau-mediated iron export prevents ferroptotic damage after ischemic stroke
Functional failure of tau contributes to age-dependent, iron-mediated neurotoxicity, and as iron accumulates in ischemic stroke tissue, we hypothesized that tau failure may exaggerate ischemia–reperfusion-related toxicity. Indeed, unilateral, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) suppressed hemispheric tau and increased iron levels in young (3-month-old) mice and rats. Wild-type mice were protected by iron-targeted interventions: ceruloplasmin and amyloid precursor protein ectodomain, as well as ferroptosis inhibitors. At this age, tau-knockout mice did not express elevated brain iron and were protected against hemispheric reperfusion injury following MCAO, indicating that tau suppression may prevent ferroptosis. However, the accelerated age-dependent brain iron accumulation that occurs in tau-knockout mice at 12 months of age negated the protective benefit of tau suppression against MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. The protective benefit of tau knockout was revived in older mice by iron-targeting interventions. These findings introduce tau–iron interaction as a pleiotropic modulator of ferroptosis and ischemic stroke outcome.
Journal Article
Effect of hafnium and tantalum on the microstructure of PM Ni-based superalloys
The effect of Hf and Ta on the microstructure of powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloys after heat treatment was investigated. Hf and Ta change the distribution and main components of MC carbides, inhibiting TiC carbides precipitate along prior particle boundaries by forming stable Hf- and Ta-rich carbides inside powders during the process of hot isostatic pressing. The partition of Hf and Ta in γ′ phase causes the repartition of other elements in γ and γ′ phases, which leads to the change of the lattice mismatch of γ and γ′ phases. The size of secondary γ′ precipitates increases and their shapes transform from spheres to cuboids when Hf or Ta content is raised, and some secondary γ′ precipitates begin to split in high Hf and Ta content. This transformation of morphology is related to the increase of the lattice mismatch of γ and γ′ phases, and the increase in size and volume fraction of secondary γ′ precipitates.
Journal Article
Signature of spin-phonon coupling driven charge density wave in a kagome magnet
The intertwining between spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom can give rise to unusual macroscopic quantum states, including high-temperature superconductivity and quantum anomalous Hall effects. Recently, a charge density wave (CDW) has been observed in the kagome antiferromagnet FeGe, indicative of possible intertwining physics. An outstanding question is that whether magnetic correlation is fundamental for the spontaneous spatial symmetry breaking orders. Here, utilizing elastic and high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering, we observe a c-axis superlattice vector that coexists with the 2
×
2
×
1 CDW vectors in the kagome plane. Most interestingly, between the magnetic and CDW transition temperatures, the phonon dynamical structure factor shows a giant phonon-energy hardening and a substantial phonon linewidth broadening near the c-axis wavevectors, both signaling the spin-phonon coupling. By first principles and model calculations, we show that both the static spin polarization and dynamic spin excitations intertwine with the phonon to drive the spatial symmetry breaking in FeGe.
The interplay between magnetism and charge density wave in the kagome magnet FeGe is under debate. By using elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and first principles calculations, Miao et al. propose that the charge density wave is stabilized by spin-phonon coupling.
Journal Article