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An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with global positioning systems (GPS) can provide direct georeferenced imagery, mapping an area with high resolution. So far, the major difficulty in wildfire image classification is the lack of unified identification marks, the fire features of color, shape, texture (smoke, flame, or both) and background can vary significantly from one scene to another. Deep learning (e.g., DCNN for Deep Convolutional Neural Network) is very effective in high-level feature learning, however, a substantial amount of training images dataset is obligatory in optimizing its weights value and coefficients. In this work, we proposed a new saliency detection algorithm for fast location and segmentation of core fire area in aerial images. As the proposed method can effectively avoid feature loss caused by direct resizing; it is used in data augmentation and formation of a standard fire image dataset ‘UAV_Fire’. A 15-layered self-learning DCNN architecture named ‘Fire_Net’ is then presented as a self-learning fire feature exactor and classifier. We evaluated different architectures and several key parameters (drop out ratio, batch size, etc.) of the DCNN model regarding its validation accuracy. The proposed architecture outperformed previous methods by achieving an overall accuracy of 98%. Furthermore, ‘Fire_Net’ guarantied an average processing speed of 41.5 ms per image for real-time wildfire inspection. To demonstrate its practical utility, Fire_Net is tested on 40 sampled images in wildfire news reports and all of them have been accurately identified.

The advent of the era of big data promotes the further development of medicine, and data release is an important step in it. The existing medical data release methods mostly use the k-anonymity model as the basis for data protection. With the advancement of technology, anonymous models are progressively less resistant to consistency attacks and background knowledge attacks. In order to better protect the private information of patients, this paper makes two major contributions: (1) The method of calculating the correlation between attributes is used to ensure the validity of the data after the data is released; (2) On the basis of the previous step, combined with the difference privacy-preserving model and tree model, this paper proposes an attribute association-based differential privacy classification tree data publishing method (ACDP-Tree). In this paper, simulation experiments are carried out on real medical data sets. The experimental results show that the algorithm ensures the validity and availability of the data to a certain extent while ensuring that the patient's privacy is not leaked.

Native core microbiomes represent a unique opportunity to support food provision and plant-based industries. Yet, these microbiomes are often neglected when developing synthetic communities (SynComs) to support plant health and growth. Here, we study the contribution of native core, native non-core and non-native microorganisms to support plant production. We construct four alternative SynComs based on the excellent growth promoting ability of individual stain and paired non-antagonistic action. One of microbiome based SynCom (SC2) shows a high niche breadth and low average variation degree in-vitro interaction. The promoting-growth effect of SC2 can be transferred to non-sterile environment, attributing to the colonization of native core microorganisms and the improvement of rhizosphere promoting-growth function including nitrogen fixation, IAA production, and dissolved phosphorus. Further, microbial fertilizer based on SC2 and composite carrier (rapeseed cake fertilizer + rice husk carbon) increase the net biomass of plant by 129%. Our results highlight the fundamental importance of native core microorganisms to boost plant production. Native core microbiomes are often neglected when developing synthetic microbial communities to support plant health and growth. Here, the authors show that native core microorganisms have greater potential to support plant growth than both native non-core and non-native microorganisms.

During the data set input or output, or the data set itself adds noise to enable data distortion to effectively reduce the risk of user privacy leakage. However, in the conventional method, the added noise may cause data distortion, thereby appealed against it. However, the amount of noise is too small and cannot meet the effect of privacy protection. Therefore, we propose a LBS user location privacy protection scheme based on trajectory similarity (DPTS). With double privacy protection without reducing the efficiency of algorithms, it does not cause data distortion to provide more reliable privacy protection. The main contributions of this article include: (1) In the process of collecting and publishing the location data, introduce into the privacy protection method, (2) The differential privacy algorithm based on the trajectory prefix tree is superimposed on the basis of the false position replacement algorithm based on the trajectory similarity, (3) Propose LBS-based Difference Privacy Protection Algorithm. In the algorithm, We reach the purpose of protecting user personal privacy by replace the original trajectory into a fake track trace that is the lowest degree of similarity in the interval. Then establish a prefix tree and add noise to the positional frequency. It is in order to further protect the sensitive location information, double protection in the trajectory data set, and the degree of privacy protection is improved. Simulation experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is effective. The algorithm can suppress the distortion rate of data while improving the amount of noise, and in improving the algorithm operation efficiency, it reduces the risk of leakage of sensitive position information.

As a typical cyber-physical system, networked unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have received much attention in recent years. Emerging communication technologies and high-performance control methods enable networked UAVs to operate as aerial sensor networks to collect more complete and consistent information with significantly improved mobility and flexibility than traditional sensing platforms. One of the main applications of networked UAVs is surveillance and monitoring, which constitute essential components of a well-functioning public safety system and many industrial applications. Although the existing literature on surveillance and monitoring UAVs is extensive, a comprehensive survey on this topic is lacking. This article classifies publications on networked UAVs for surveillance and monitoring using the targets of interest and analyzes several typical problems on this topic, including the control, navigation, and deployment optimization of UAVs. The related research gaps and future directions are also presented.

Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP plays important roles in the generation and progression of human cancers. Exosomes participate in cellular communication by transmitting moleculars between cells and are regarded as suitable candidates for non-invasive diagnosis. However, the existence of HOTTIP in the circulating exosomes and the potential roles of exosomal HOTTIP in gastric cancer (GC) was poorly understood. This study aims at investigating the clinical roles of exosomal HOTTIP in GC. Serum exosomal HOTTIP from 246 subjects (126 GC patients and 120 healthy people) were detected by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Our results showed that expression levels of exosomal HOTTIP were typically upregulated in GC than in normal control ( P  < 0.001). And its expression levels were significantly correlated with invasion depth ( P  = 0.0298) and TNM stage ( P  < 0.001). The AUC for exosomal HOTTIP was 0.827, which demonstrated a higher diagnostic capability than CEA, CA 19–9 and CA72–4 (AUC = 0.653, 0.685 and 0.639, respectively) ( P  < 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a correlation between increased exosomal HOTTIP levels and poor overall survival (OS) (logrank P  < 0.001). And univariate and multivariate COX analysis revealed exosomal HOTTIP overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in GC patients ( P  = 0.027). These findings demonstrated that exosomal HOTTIP may be a potential biomarker for GC in diagnosis and prognosis.

Graphene has attracted large interest in photonic applications owing to its promising optical properties, especially its ability to absorb light over a broad wavelength range, which has lead to several studies on pure monolayer graphene-based photodetectors. However, the maximum responsivity of these photodetectors is below 10 mA W −1 , which significantly limits their potential for applications. Here we report high photoresponsivity (with high photoconductive gain) of 8.61 A W −1 in pure monolayer graphene photodetectors, about three orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature, by introducing electron trapping centres and by creating a bandgap in graphene through band structure engineering. In addition, broadband photoresponse with high photoresponsivity from the visible to the mid-infrared is experimentally demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this work demonstrates the broadest photoresponse with high photoresponsivity from pure monolayer graphene photodetectors, proving the potential of graphene as a promising material for efficient optoelectronic devices. Graphene holds great potential for use in photodetectors, owing to its ability to absorb light over a wide range of wavelengths. Here Zhang et al . report a large photoresponsivity of 8.6 AW-1 over a broad wavelength range in pure monolayer graphene.

Both column screw fixation (BCSF) technique offers a novel minimally invasive approach for the management of acetabular posterior column fractures. A body of research has been established in this area, encompassing data on screw diameter, insertion angles, and even the feasibility of placing two screws. This study further investigates the anatomical feasibility of the BCSF technique (including composition of the pathway, the pathway area, the maximum permissible screw diameter, and the optimal insertion angles) through a 3D reconstruction study, providing an evidence-based foundation for its clinical application. In this study, pelvic CT data were collected from 200 healthy adults (100 males and 100 females). By utilizing Mimics 21.0 software, three-dimensional pelvic models were reconstructed to simulate the BCSF procedure for posterior column acetabular fractures. The maximum cross-sectional area of the pathway, the maximum allowable screw diameter, and the longest feasible screw length were all measured. In addition, the research analyzed the optimal screw insertion trajectories. An irregular three-dimensional configuration was displayed by the screw insertion safe zone. The pathway comprises a pentagonal structure. Quantitative analysis revealed that the left pelvis had a safe passage area of (132.1 ± 33.76 mm²), permitting screws with maximum dimensions of (145.57 ± 10.74 mm) in length and (8.92 ± 1.41) mm in diameter, while the right pelvis demonstrated slightly larger parameters (area: 139.66 ± 38.01 mm²; maximum screw length: 143.09 ± 10.47 mm; and diameter: 9.29 ± 1.47 mm). Compared to (36.89 ± 7.14°) and (41.89 ± 4.40°) for right-sided procedures, optimal insertion angles were measured at (37.32 ± 5.62°) centrolateral tilt and (42.55 ± 4.32°) cephalad tilt for left-sided approaches. Male specimens exhibited significantly greater safe passage dimensions than females ( p  < 0.0001), in which analogous sex-related differences were presented within maximum screw diameters and lengths. In contrast, cephalad tilt angles showed no statistically significant gender variation ( p  > 0.05). This study defines the anatomical safe zone for BCSF technique in posterior column acetabular fractures. The established optimal screw trajectory enhances fixation strength and fracture stability as it enables the clinical use of larger-diameter screws. The patient-specific three-dimensional preoperative planning is recommended to be performed, which can ensure precise screw placement and maximize surgical outcomes.

Improving residents’ nutrition knowledge (NK) is crucial for enhancing dietary health. However, rural areas in China face significant challenges in accessing effective nutrition education. This study aimed to design and evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of a multicomponent nutrition education intervention strategy suitable for resource-limited rural areas. This study was conducted in five administrative villages in Chengdu, with a total population of approximately 20,000. Through focus group discussion, a multicomponent nutrition education intervention was designed and implemented over a four-week period. The intervention’s effectiveness was assessed using two independent cross-sectional surveys (pre-intervention n = 275; post-intervention n = 280, adjusted to n = 275 for analysis to match the baseline). A validated questionnaire was used to evaluate changes in NK levels. The priority of strategies was ultimately determined based on coverage, feasibility, and cost. Six intervention channels were identified through focus group discussion. Post-intervention, the median NK score among villagers increased significantly from 60.0 to 70.0 (an increase of 10 points, p < 0.001). NK levels improved significantly across all demographic subgroups (p < 0.05), with subgroups having lower baseline NK levels (e.g., males, older adults, less-educated individuals, non-health/wellness workers and non-chronic disease patients) showing greater improvement, indicating a \"catch-up effect\" that reduces knowledge inequality. Based on effectiveness and feasibility assessments, the prioritized order of intervention strategies was: loudspeaker broadcasts > WeChat group videos > posters > leaflets > Child-Teaching-Family (CTF) program > prize quizzes. Multicomponent nutrition education interventions can effectively and equitably improve the NK of rural residents in China. The combination of \"loudspeaker broadcasts + WeChat group videos\" was confirmed as the core strategy, with its low-cost and wide-coverage characteristics being suitable for promotion in resource-limited areas. It is recommended to institutionalize such models by integrating them into primary public health services and clarifying the leading role of local governments in resource integration and sustainable promotion, thereby contributing to the goals of “Healthy China”.

The Mediator complex is at the core of transcriptional regulation and plays a central role in plant immunity. The MEDIATOR25 (MED25) subunit of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates jasmonate-dependent resistance to Botrytis cinerea through interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor of jasmonate signaling, MYC2. Another Mediator subunit, MED8, acts independently or together with MED25 in plant immunity. However, unlike MED25, the underlying action mechanisms of MED8 in regulating B. cinerea resistance are still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that MED8 regulated plant immunity to B. cinerea through interacting with another bHLH transcription factor, FAMA, which was previously shown to control the final proliferation/differentiation switch during stomatal development. Our research demonstrates that FAMA is also an essential component of B. cinerea resistance. The fama loss-of-function mutants (fama-1 and fama-2) increased susceptibility to B. cinerea infection and reduced defense-gene expression. On the contrary, transgenic lines constitutively overexpressing FAMA showed opposite B. cinerea responses compared with the fama loss-of-function mutants. FAMA-overexpressed plants displayed enhanced resistance to B. cinerea infection and increased expression levels of defensin genes following B. cinerea treatment. Genetic analysis of MED8 and FAMA suggested that FAMA-regulated pathogen resistance was dependent on MED8. In addition, MED8 and FAMA were both associated with the G-box region in the promoter of ORA59. Our findings indicate that the MED8 subunit of the A. thaliana Mediator regulates plant immunity to B. cinerea through interacting with the transcription factor FAMA, which was discovered to be a key component in B. cinerea resistance.