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Metastasis is a complicated, multistep process that is responsible for over 90% of cancer-related death. Metastatic disease or the movement of cancer cells from one site to another requires dramatic remodeling of the cytoskeleton. The regulation of cancer cell migration is determined not only by biochemical factors in the microenvironment but also by the biomechanical contextual information provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM). The responses of the cytoskeleton to chemical signals are well characterized and understood. However, the mechanisms of response to mechanical signals in the form of externally applied force and forces generated by the ECM are still poorly understood. Furthermore, understanding the way cellular mechanosensors interact with the physical properties of the microenvironment and transmit the signals to activate the cytoskeletal movements may help identify an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. Here, we will discuss the role of tumor microenvironment during cancer metastasis and how physical forces remodel the cytoskeleton through mechanosensing and transduction.

The small, heavily glycosylated protein CD24 is primarily expressed by many immune cells and is highly expressed mostly in cancer cells. As one of the most crucial biomarkers of cancers, CD24 is frequently highly expressed in solid tumors, while tumor-associated macrophages express Siglec-10 at high levels, Siglec-10 and CD24 can interact on innate immune cells to lessen inflammatory responses to a variety of disorders. Inhibiting inflammation brought on by SHP-1 and/or SHP-2 phosphatases as well as cell phagocytosis by macrophages, the binding of CD24 to Siglec-10 can prevent toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation. Targeted immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has lately gained popularity as one of the best ways to treat different tumors. CD24 is a prominent innate immune checkpoint that may be a useful target for cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, numerous CD24/Siglec-10-related research studies have made tremendous progress. This study discusses the characteristics and workings of CD24/Siglec-10-targeted immunotherapy and offers a summary of current advances in CD24/Siglec-10-related immunotherapy research for cancer. We then suggested potential directions for CD24-targeted immunotherapy, basing our speculation mostly on the results of recent preclinical and clinical trials.

Background The contamination of the aquatic environment of urban rivers with industrial wastewater has affected the abiotic conditions and biological activities of the trophic levels of the ecosystem, particularly sediments. However, most current research about microorganism in urban aquatic environments has focused on indicator bacteria related to feces and organic pollution. Meanwhile, they ignored the interactions among microorganisms. To deeply understand the impact of industrial contamination on microbial community, we study the bacterial community structure and diversity in river sediments under the influence of different types of industrial pollution by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology and conduct a more detailed analysis of microbial community structure through co-occurrence networks. Results The overall community composition and abundance of individual bacterial groups differed between samples. In addition, redundancy analysis indicated that the structure of the bacterial community in river sediments was influenced by a variety of environmental factors. TN, TP, TOC and metals (Cu, Zn and Cd) were the most important driving factors that determined the bacterial community in urban river sediments ( P  < 0.01). According to PICRUSt analysis, the bacterial communities in different locations had similar overall functional profiles. It is worth noting that the 15 functional genes related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were the most abundant in the same location. The non-random assembly patterns of bacterial composition in different types of industrially polluted sediments were determined by a co-occurrence network. Environmental conditions resulting from different industrial pollutants may play an important role in determining their co-occurrence patterns of these bacterial taxa. Among them, the bacterial taxa involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles in module I were relatively abundant, and the bacterial taxa in module II were involved in the repair of metal pollution. Conclusions Our data indicate that long-term potential interactions between different types of industrial pollution and taxa collectively affect the structure of the bacterial community in urban river sediments.

Background Fertility-sparing therapy is an alternative conservative treatment for patients with early stage endometrioid cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia. In this study, we investigated pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy-associated factors in young patients receiving hormonal therapy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 68 patients who attempted to conceive after fertility-sparing therapy and achieving complete remission (CR). They were divided into a pregnancy group and a non-pregnancy group. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied for univariate and multivariate analysis to determine factors associated with pregnancy. Kaplan–Meier analysis, combined with the log-rank test, was used to calculate a patient’s pregnancy probability and the distribution of recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results A total of 36 patients became pregnant with 47 pregnancies. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that several factors were associated with pregnancy, including BMI at the time of pregnancy permission, the time to CR, prolonged treatment time, the number of hysteroscopy procedures, the endometrium thickness after CR, and relapse before pregnancy. The mean RFS of patients who achieved pregnancy, and those who did not, was 27.6 months and 14.8 months, respectively ( P  = 0.002). No significant difference was detected in terms of cumulative RFS when compared between assisted reproductive technology (ART) cases and those involving natural conception (NC) ( P  = 0.707). Conclusions Normal BMI, a shorter time to CR, a prolonged three-month treatment, fewer hysteroscopy procedures, and a thicker endometrium may be positive indicators for successful pregnancies, while relapse before pregnancy may have a negative effect on conception. Moreover, a successful pregnancy protects the endometrium while ART does not increase the risk of recurrence.

Background The metabolic risk score (MRS) is correlated with the progression of endometrial cancer (EC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of MRS on the recurrence of fertility-sparing treatment for early EC and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) patients. Methods A retrospective study was designed with clinical data from patients admitted between January 2012 and December 2020 in our center. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to explore independent risk factors for recurrence after complete remission (CR). These factors were included in the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of recurrence. Kaplan–Meier curve, combined with the log-rank test, was conducted to estimate a patient’s cumulative recurrence rate. Results All 109 patients with recurrence details after fertility preservation treatment were categorized into two subgroups (recurrence or no recurrence). Age (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.18, P  = 0.038), BMI (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99, P  = 0.013), FBG (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.00-2.05, P  = 0.048), MRS (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.45–2.46, P  < 0.01), family history (HR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.05–5.27, P  < 0.05), insulin resistance (IR, HR = 9.02, 95% CI: 3.15–25.82, P  < 0.01), and histological type (HR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.48–7.64, P  < 0.01) were risk factors for recurrence. Moreover, MRS (HR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.26–2.26, P  < 0.01), IR (HR = 8.17, 95% CI: 2.52–26.52, P  < 0.01), and histological type (HR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.52–8.47, P  < 0.05) were independent risk factors for recurrence, both in AEH and in EC. The addition of MRS or IR could significantly improve the predictive accuracy of recurrence. The AUC improves from 0.812 to 0.892 for the MRS model and from 0.842 to 0.892 for the IR model. Finally, categorized analysis found that the effects of MRS on recurrence are diverse in different clinical characteristics, including age, gestation, parity, PCOS, infertility history, IR, and metformin for both groups (all P  < 0.05). Kaplan‒Meier curves showed that patients in the age ≥ 35 years, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , IR, family history, MRS, and early EC groups had a worse prognosis. Conclusion MRS is a new evaluating predictor that could significantly improve the predictive accuracy for recurrence in fertility preservation treatment for AEH and early EC patients, especially when combined with IR.

In the actual decision-making process, there will be situations where decision-makers with hesitant attitudes have difficulties in evaluating alternatives numerically, and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets can provide decision-makers with an effective way to describe hesitancy in linguistic terms. In multi-attribute group decision-making, each decision maker typically holds different preferences. If the variation in decision makers’ assessment weights across evaluations of each attribute for every alternative is not adequately accounted for, it can result in a problem of coarse-grained calculations, leading to information loss. Additionally, the three-way decision model faces significant challenges in information fusion within the context of the hesitant fuzzy linguistic environment. Therefore, we propose a new three-way decision-making model under the hesitant fuzzy linguistic environment. The model obtains the confidence of different decision makers in attribute evaluations through the fusion of D-S evidence theory, and can perform more fine-grained fusion calculations on the evaluation information of different decision makers. In addition, the model considers the cost function of each alternative in different decision-making actions under hesitant fuzzy linguistic environment, calculates the two thresholds of each alternative in the three-way decision model, and derives the decision rules. The effectiveness of the model is verified through a numerical example and two comparative experiments, therefore, the model can be applied in intelligent classification or recommendation systems of hesitant fuzzy linguistic information systems.

Detection of flow fields constitutes a critical role in the advancement and innovation of hypersonic aircraft. Under hypersonic conditions, aircraft aerodynamics manifest a multitude of complex phenomena, including intense turbulence and fluctuations, transitions within the boundary layer, interactions between shock waves and boundary layers, as well as the effects of high-temperature gas. Thus, the surveillance of hypersonic aircraft flow fields is imperative not only for flight safety but also for the progression of hypersonic technologies. Given the practical limitations that restrict sensors installed to only key areas for detection, we propose a GNN-based method for hypersonic aircraft flow field reconstruction from limited sensors. Moreover, we have introduced a novel graph modeling technique for enhancing the reconstruction motivated by that solely the most significant edges within the graph are efficacious for field reconstruction. The methodology encompasses the following steps, modeling graphs from diverse perspectives, and transforming them into minimum spanning trees. These sparse graphs are then integrated with learnable weights optimized by automatic differentiation. Our method has been tested on an open-source turbulence dataset, the two components of graph pruning and weight optimization bring about 34% and 10% improvements on average. Furthermore, our approach has been validated in the reconstruction of hypersonic aircraft flow fields for at least 10% error reduction among all the situations.

Bladder endometriosis (BE) is an uncommon form of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). This report aims to present two cases of BE with markedly contrasting clinical histories and presentations to highlight diagnostic challenges and discuss management strategies. We describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup including pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surgical management (laparoscopic partial cystectomy), histopathological findings, and short-term follow-up of two young women diagnosed with BE. Relevant literature is reviewed to contextualize the findings. Both patients were accurately diagnosed preoperatively via MRI and underwent successful laparoscopic partial cystectomy, with histopathology confirming BE. Postoperative management involved a sequential protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) followed by dienogest, which resulted in favorable short-term results, with no recurrence noted during follow-up. Diagnosing BE is often straightforward when typical clinical and imaging findings align. However, diagnostic delays are common due to the condition's rarity and symptom overlap. Early diagnosis is crucial for achieving better outcomes. For women of reproductive age experiencing recurrent pelvic symptoms, even atypical ones, early pelvic imaging examinations are recommended. MRI plays a key role in diagnosing BE, guiding treatment decisions, and assisting with differential diagnosis. Enhancing awareness of BE among clinicians and radiologists is essential to expedite diagnosis and treatment.

It is still unknown whether the excessive length of the first ray is a risk factor for hallux valgus recurrence. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the excessive length of the first ray and the recurrence of hallux valgus. Between 2008 and 2011, a total of 186 feet (left 105, right 81) who underwent chevron osteotomy combined with distal soft tissue procedure in our foot and ankle center were retrospectively reviewed. A postoperative hallux valgus angle(HVA) ≥20° was defined as recurrence. Patients were divided into two groups: recurrence and non-recurrence group. Weight-bearing radiographs were evaluated preoperatively and at the time of last follow-up for both groups. Radiographic parameters including the length of the great toe(P1), the length of the second toe(P2), the length distance between the first and second metatarsal(D), the hallux valgus angle(HVA) were obtained. The excessive length of the first ray(EL) was calculated using the equation of EL = P1-P2-D. A total of 45 patients (24.2%) had hallux valgus recurrence at the time of last follow-up with a mean follow-up of 83.7 ±12.1 months (range, 66-110). The mean postoperative P1 was 5.06±0.39cm for recurrence group and 4.84±0.34cm for no recurrence group(p<0.001). The mean post operative EL was 5.71±5.01mm for recurrence group and 1.61±4.09mm for no recurrence group(p<0.001). The predictive cutoff value of postoperative P1 and postoperative EL for hallux valgus recurrence was 4.9cm [odds ratio (OR) = 8.67, p = 0.03] and 0.4cm (OR = 6.79, p = 0.001) respectively. Significant relationships between postoperative P1, postoperative EL and hallux valgus recurrence were identified according to our radiographic results. A postoperative P1>4.9cm and postoperative EL>0.4cm can be risk factors for hallux valgus recurrence. The appreciation of the excessive length of the first ray prior to surgery may help to improve the surgical outcome.

ObjectiveHepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mostly characterised by HBV integrations, is prevalent worldwide. Previous HBV studies mainly focused on a few hotspot integrations. However, the oncogenic role of the other HBV integrations remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate HBV integration-induced tumourigenesis further.DesignHere, we illuminated the genomic structures encompassing HBV integrations in 124 HCCs across ages using whole genome sequencing and Nanopore long reads. We classified a repertoire of integration patterns featured by complex genomic rearrangement. We also conducted a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based gain-of-function genetic screen in mouse hepatocytes. We individually activated each candidate gene in the mouse model to uncover HBV integration-mediated oncogenic aberration that elicits tumourigenesis in mice.ResultsThese HBV-mediated rearrangements are significantly enriched in a bridge-fusion-bridge pattern and interchromosomal translocations, and frequently led to a wide range of aberrations including driver copy number variations in chr 4q, 5p (TERT), 6q, 8p, 16q, 9p (CDKN2A/B), 17p (TP53) and 13q (RB1), and particularly, ultra-early amplifications in chr8q. Integrated HBV frequently contains complex structures correlated with the translocation distance. Paired breakpoints within each integration event usually exhibit different microhomology, likely mediated by different DNA repair mechanisms. HBV-mediated rearrangements significantly correlated with young age, higher HBV DNA level and TP53 mutations but were less prevalent in the patients subjected to prior antiviral therapies. Finally, we recapitulated the TONSL and TMEM65 amplification in chr8q led by HBV integration using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and demonstrated their tumourigenic potentials.ConclusionHBV integrations extensively reshape genomic structures and promote hepatocarcinogenesis (graphical abstract), which may occur early in a patient’s life.