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The local coordination environment of catalysts has been investigated for an extended period to obtain enhanced catalytic performance. Especially with the advancement of single-atom catalysts (SACs), research on the coordination environment has been advanced to the atomic level. The surrounding coordination atoms of central metal atoms play important roles in their catalytic activity, selectivity and stability. In recent years, remarkable improvements of the catalytic performance of SACs have been achieved by the tailoring of coordination atoms, coordination numbers and second- or higher-coordination shells, which provided new opportunities for the further development of SACs. In this review, the characterization of coordination environment, tailoring of the local coordination environment, and their related adjustable catalytic performance will be discussed. We hope this review will provide new insights on further research of SACs.

Portfolios, which allocate investor capital to different investments, are a common risk management strategy. It aims to spread investment risk using diversification. The purpose of this paper is to allocate assets to stocks in the technology sector, consumer sector, and pharmaceutical sector. Stocks of SPX500 and ten companies are selected, and the Yahoo Finance database in Python is utilized to export the historical data, and the knowledge of statistics is applied to calculate the basic values of the stocks. For example, data such as annualized average return, annualized standard deviation, and alpha. These data are utilized to obtain the correlation coefficients between eleven assets and to plot the Capital Allocation Line (hereinafter referred to as CAL), efficient frontier and inefficient frontier images under different constraints. The results show that PG’s asset share is the highest among the five different constraints, both in the minimum variance case and in the maximum Sharpe ratio case. After imposing constraints, the portfolio’s return at the same risk decreases.

Railway accidents pose a significant threat to the industry, necessitating enhanced research into railway transportation safety. This study integrated a public oversight framework into the existing safety governance structure of railway transport operators, utilizing a four-party evolutionary game model and system dynamics for enhancement. Simulations conducted with Vensim software demonstrate that increased public supervision increases safety operation rates and improves the safety-related productivity of auxiliary enterprises. However, uncertainties in the evolutionary strategy process were identified. To address equilibrium fluctuations, a dynamic reward-punishment mechanism was developed. The optimized system achieved a safety operation rate of 99.7%, enhanced the safety-related productivity of the auxiliary enterprises to 93.2%, and increased the public supervision rate to 87.2%. These findings indicate that effective public participation and dynamic incentives can significantly improve safety management and prevent losses in railway sectors, offering valuable theoretical and practical insights for global railway enterprises.

The Longtan Formation in Sichuan Basin is a new field and new strata for the exploration and development of coal measure gas, and the evaluation of geochemical and geological conditions is lacking. In this study, elemental geochemistry, mineralogy, organic geochemistry of source rocks (organic matter type, abundance, maturity), and only geophysical analysis of bulk rock (Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, Mercury intrusion, and nuclear magnetic resonance) were performed to determine the reservoir pore structure and source-reservoir geological-geochemical controlling factors. Geochemistry and mineralogy reveal frequent shale and tuffaceous sandstone interbeds in the southern Sichuan Basin under the Emeishan igneous rock provenance supply and relatively oxic environment. The low input of terrigenous clastics, dysoxic and suboxic or anoxic environment and frequent transgression in the central Sichuan Basin have led to frequent coal-shale interbedding. The organic matter type of the source rock is type III kerogen, which is in the stage of high-over maturation, with high TOC content and excellent hydrocarbon generation potential. The coal seam in the central Sichuan Basin has good reservoir properties (porosity 9.25%, pore volume 4.74cm 3 /g), and the low permeability (5 × 10 -3 mD) of the shale caprock has good sealing ability. Overall, the coal-shale interbeds constitute the basic source-reservoir configuration of superimposed gas reservoir, and form a favorable development interval for coal measures.

MET exon 14 skipping mutations ( MET ex14) or amplification drives a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tepotinib, a selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has shown promise in early trials; however, comparative efficacy and safety data across MET -altered subpopulations remain limited. This systematic review of six studies (546 patients) assessed the clinical outcomes of Tepotinib in MET ex14 or MET -amplified NSCLC. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. The pooled objective response rate (ORR) was 52% (95% CI: 48–56%) and a disease control rate (DCR) of 76% (95% CI: 72–80%). Median PFS was 10.16 months, and median OS was 14.67 months. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences in ORR between MET ex14 (52%) and MET amplification (53%, p  = 0.905) or between monotherapy (51%) and combination therapy (56%, p  = 0.242). Common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1–2 peripheral edema (50%) and diarrhea (36%); grade ≥ 3 TRAEs were infrequent (8% for edema). In conclusion, Tepotinib demonstrated comparable efficacy in MET ex14 and MET -amplified NSCLC with a manageable safety profile. The PFS benefit of combination therapy warrants further randomized trials. These findings support Tepotinib as a valuable therapeutic option for MET -altered NSCLC.

Triggering the anionic redox reaction is an effective approach to boost the capacity of layered transition metal (TM) oxides. However, the irreversible oxygen release and structural deterioration at high voltage remain conundrums. Herein, a strategy for Mg ion and vacancy dual doping with partial TM ions pinned in the Na layers is developed to improve both the reversibility of anionic redox reaction and structural stability of layered oxides. Both the Mg ions and vacancies (□) are contained in the TM layers, while partial Mn ions (~1.1%) occupy the Na-sites. The introduced Mg ions combined with vacancies not only create abundant nonbonding O 2 p orbitals in favor of high oxygen redox capacity, but also suppress the voltage decay originated from Na–O–□ configuration. The Mn ions pinned in the Na layers act as “rivets” to restrain the slab gliding at extreme de-sodiated state and thereby inhibit the generation of cracks. The positive electrode, Na 0.67 Mn 0.011 [Mg 0.1 □ 0.07 Mn 0.83 ]O 2 , delivers an enhanced discharge capacity and decent cyclability. This study provides insights into the construction of stable layered oxide positive electrode with highly reversible anionic redox reaction for sodium storage. Sodium layered metal oxides suffer from irreversible structural deterioration at high voltage in sodium-ion batteries. Here, authors develop a magnesium ion and vacancy dual-doping strategy to enhance the anionic redox reversibility and structural stability of layered oxides.

Depression and anxiety are the most common mental illnesses affecting children and adolescents, significantly harming their well-being. Research has shown that regular physical activity can promote cognitive, emotional, fundamental movement skills, and motor coordination, as a preventative measure for depression while reducing the suicide rate. However, little is known about the potential role of physical activity in adolescent depression and anxiety. The studies reviewed in this paper suggest that exercise can be an effective adjunctive treatment to improve depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents, although research on its neurobiological effects remains limited.

Background and objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and urinary incontinence (UI) are both highly prevalent and age-related diseases. Nevertheless, the link between NAFLD and UI is unclear. Hence, the study was designed to evaluate the association between the NAFLD and UI (including UI types) in a nationally representative sample of United States (US) female adults. Methods We conducted this study used data from U.S. female adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) cycles. The diagnosis of NAFLD is based on Vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and absence of know liver diseases and significant alcohol consumption. The diagnosis and types of UI were assessment using a self-report questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between NALFD and UI. Stratified analyses based on age, obesity, race, educational level, married status, PIR, and smoking status were conducted. Results Of the 2149 participants, the mean (95% CI) age was 53.9 (52.7–55.0), 686 (61.1%) were Non-Hispanic White. UI was significantly more common in participants with NAFLD [490 (64.7%)] than those without NAFLD [552 (44.9%)]. Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational level, family poverty income ratio (PIR) status, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), smoking status, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and insulin resistance (IR) in a multivariable logistic regression model, NALFD were associated with UI [OR: 1.93, 95%CI 1.23–3.02, P  = 0.01] and urge UI [OR: 1.55, 95%CI 1.03–2.33, P  = 0.03], while patients with NAFLD did not show an increased odds in stress UI and mixed UI when compared with those without NAFLD subject ( P  > 0.05). In the subgroup analyses, NAFLD remained significantly associated with UI, particularly among those participants without obesity (OR: 2.69, 95% CI 1.84-4.00) and aged ≥ 60 years (OR: 2.20, 95% CI 1.38–3.51). Conclusions Among US female adults, NAFLD has a strong positive correlation with UI. Given that NAFLD is a modifiable disease, these results may help clinicians to target female patients with NAFLD for treatments and interventions that may help prevent the occurrence of UI and reduce the symptoms of UI.

Background Depression and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represent significant public health challenges and share common pathogenic mechanisms. Previous studies have indicated a positive correlation between serum residual cholesterol (RC) and depression. However, further research is needed to understand the relationships between RC and depression, T2DM, and their coexistence. This study aims to assess the association between RC and depression, T2DM, and their comorbidities in a large sample of the U.S. population, while also exploring potential underlying mechanisms. Methods This is a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2005 to 2018 ( N  = 11,193). Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). We employed weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, considering sampling weights, to explore the associations between serum RC and depression, T2DM and their coexistence. To assess model stability, we calculated unmeasured confounder E values. Restricted cubic spline regression models were used to reveal dose–response effects, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results Among the 11,193 participants, the weighted mean age was 45.24 years, with 49.0% being male. The prevalence of depression, T2DM, and their coexistence was 6.9%, 14.0%, and 1.4%, respectively (weighted percentages). In the multivariate regression model, higher serum RC levels were associated with an increased risk of depression, T2DM, and their coexistence. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) per unit increase in RC were 1.39(1.06,1.82), 2.26(1.79,2.83), and 3.07(2.08,4.52), respectively. When considering only depression without T2DM, the association was not significant (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.87–1.73). This nonlinear correlation between RC and depression, T2DM, and their coexistence was consistent across various participant characteristics. Conclusions The findings from this extensive cross-sectional study offer compelling evidence linking RC to the risk of depression, T2DM, and their coexistence. This implies that directing attention towards residual cholesterol could enhance research pertaining to the comorbidities of depression and type 2 diabetes.

To solve the problems of poor top coal drawing, lagging collapse, and difficulty in parallel operation of mining and drawing in extra-thick coal seams, considering the 8222 working face of the Tashan Mine as the engineering background, we first investigate the basic problems of fully mechanized top coal drawing mining in extra-thick coal seams using the single-round group drawing method (GDM). We then analyze the drawing law of top coal with different thicknesses under the single-round GDM from the aspects of top coal recovery (TCR) and drawing efficiency, coal loss mechanism, and the relation between TCR and gangue content (GC), providing a basis for determining the process parameters of GDM. Results indicate that as the top coal thickness increases, the number of drawing openings considerably influences drawing efficiency and top coal loss. And there is a notable thickness effect of the number of drawing openings on the top coal loss. There is a quantitative relationship among TCR, cumulative GC (CGC) and instantaneous GC (IGC), and CGC and TCR can be predicted based on the IGC. Consequently, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results indicate that the optimal IGC threshold at the coal drawing openings between 31.2 and 40%. Through optimizing the coal drawing method and strictly controlling the IGC at the coal drawing openings on-site, the measured working face TCR increased from 75.25 to 90.12%, and CGC was controlled at approximately 9%. Meanwhile, the average coordination efficiency of mining and drawing time reaches 68.2%, effectively ensuring the construction of a coal mine with an annual output of 15 million tons.