Explore the vast range of titles available.

Neural oscillations are rhythmic electric activities of neuron groups in the brain, and gamma oscillation is the synchronization with a frequency of 30-90 Hz. The generation of gamma oscillations is dependent on inhibitory interneuron network, but it can be disrupted by some disturbances such as neural inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic abnormalities. Gamma oscillations selectively regulate the connectivity across brain areas, which plays an important role in perception, motor, memory and emotion. Studies have demonstrated gamma oscillations disturbance associated with central nervous system diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia, and evidence suggests that gamma entrainment using sensory stimulus (GENUS) offers significant neuroprotection. This review addresses the role of gamma oscillations in advanced brain functions at physiological and pathological status, and highlights gamma entrainment as a potential therapeutic operation in a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have the potential to be utilized in a multitude of fields, including biomedicine. Consequently, the potential health risks associated with their use must be carefully considered. Most biosafety evaluations of IONPs have focused on examining the impact of the material’s distinctive physicochemical attributes. However, the specific attributes of individual cells are frequently disregarded, particularly under the oxidative stress conditions. This may result in an underestimation of potential risk and impede the clinical translation of IONPs. The present study thus sought to evaluate the potential cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of IONPs in a pathological state characterized by mild oxidative stress. A cell model of mild oxidative stress was initially established in vitro. Subsequently, a series of indicators, including cell viability, live/dead ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative damage, were measured to assess the cytotoxicity of IONPs. Finally, a series of ferroptosis regulators were used to elucidate the involvement of ferroptosis. Preincubation with IONPs resulted in a significant reduction in cellular viability, morphological degeneration, elevated numbers of dead cells, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased oxidative damage under mild oxidative stress conditions in vitro. The cytotoxic effects of IONPs under mild oxidative stress are largely dependent on ROS and iron ions and are strongly associated with ferroptosis, which is based on the effects of ferroptosis regulators. The present in vitro study indicated that IONPs are toxic to cells under mild oxidative stress, which is linked to ferroptosis.

At present, there is a problem that the growth quality is reduced due to damage to the plug seedling pot during the transplanting process. In this study, the pressure distribution measurement system was used to measure the contact area of plug seedlings when they collided with the ground. The effects of seedling age and forward speed on the characteristics of contact stress distribution and potting damage were investigated through a single-factor experiment. The results were comprehensively considered based on the single-factor test, and the Box–Behnken test was used to optimize the design. The matrix loss rate was used as the evaluation index to determine the optimal parameter combination for transplanting: the tray specification was 72, the seedling age was 30 d, and the forward speed was 1.25 km·h−1. This study can provide a reference and technical support for further research on pot damage in plug seedling transplanting. The optimized parameters can provide practical guidance for reducing pot damage and improving growth quality during transplanting plug seedlings.

Retinal organoids (ROs), which are derived from stem cells, can automatically form three-dimensional laminar structures that include all cell types and the ultrastructure of the retina. Therefore, they are highly similar to the retinal structure in the human body. The development of organoids has been a great technological breakthrough in the fields of transplantation therapy and disease modeling. However, the translation of RO applications into medical practice still has various deficiencies at the current stage, including the long culture process, insufficient yield, and great heterogeneity among ROs produced under different conditions. Nevertheless, many technological breakthroughs have been made in transplanting ROs for treatment of diseases such as retinal degeneration. This review discusses recent advances in the development of ROs, improvements of the culture protocol, and the latest developments in RO replacement therapy techniques.

This study aims to investigate the interaction mechanism between the planter and pot seedlings during the operation of a hanging cup transplanter and establish a nonlinear relationship model between the two. The research employs a coupling method of the Discrete Element Method and Multi-Body Dynamics to construct a discrete element model of the cup-type planter and pot seedlings. By setting different planting frequencies (22, 34, and 46 plants/min) as influencing factors, the mechanical variation patterns and collision motion characteristics of the pot seedlings were analyzed. The accuracy of the simulation model was validated using the substrate loss rate after planting as an evaluation metric. Furthermore, based on Artificial Neural Network technology and incorporating BP and GA-BP algorithms, a nonlinear model of the interaction between pot seedlings and the planting device under various parameter conditions was established using simulated field planting test results as the dataset. The research findings indicate that under different planting frequencies, the collision contact points and interaction relationships between the pot seedlings and the planter exhibit significant differences. During the initial collision contact, the collision force reaches its peak, resulting in the most severe pot body damage. Comparative analysis reveals that the GA-BP algorithm demonstrates superior performance in ensuring model accuracy and stability, exhibiting better fitting performance with relative error rates between target and predicted values ranging from 2.25 to 10.54%. The results of this study not only provide important theoretical support for understanding the interaction mechanism between cup-type planter and pot seedlings but also offer valuable practical references for constructing planting quality prediction models in complex field environments.

With the development of digital health platforms, patients with breast cancer are increasingly relying on web-based resources to search for disease-related information. Proper usage of web-based health information by patients with breast cancer is crucial for understanding disease information and participating in treatment decisions. However, in the face of the large amount and complexity of information, it is still unclear how patients can make psychological adjustments and behavioral responses. Problems such as variable information quality and conflicting information are also affecting the cognitive and treatment decision-making process of patients with breast cancer. This study aims to explore the real experiences of Chinese patients with breast cancer in their search for web-based health information from a phenomenological perspective, providing insights for optimizing future web-based health information support for patients. This qualitative study used semistructured, in-depth face-to-face interviews to collect data. Through purposive and convenience sampling, 18 female patients with breast cancer were recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital in China. The data saturation principle was observed to determine the endpoint of data collection. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. From 18 original interview documents, three themes and 11 subthemes were categorized as follows: (1) driving force of information search (emotion-based information search, problem-solving-oriented information search), (2) cognitive judgments amidst the information fog (interweaving of multichannel information, judgment of information authenticity, information applicability assessment, cognitive confusion in the context of information conflict, and construction of information meaning), and (3) adaptation under the pressure of web-based information (transform information into action, emotional regulatory coping, build a support network, and acceptance and adjustment of expectations). This study reveals that the experiences of patients with breast cancer within web-based health information environments resemble an information navigation journey. Patients continuously search, evaluate, and adjust within the sea of information to maintain cognitive clarity and emotional equilibrium. The findings offer valuable insights for clinical health care providers, health information platform developers, and policymakers. They can help optimize digital health services and design personalized information support that better meets patients' needs.

Background Vitamin A and retinoic acid (RA, a metabolite of vitamin A), are inextricably involved to the development of skeletal muscle in animals. However, the mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development by vitamin A remain poorly reported. The current study designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of vitamin A affecting myogenic differentiation of lamb myoblasts through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and gene function validation experiments. It provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the regulation of vitamin A on skeletal muscle development as well as for improving the economic benefits of the mutton sheep industry. Results Newborn lambs were injected with 7,500 IU vitamin A, and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissue was surgically sampled for RNA-Seq analysis and primary myoblasts isolation at 3 weeks of age. The results showed that a total of 14 down-regulated and 3 up-regulated genes, were identified between control and vitamin A groups. Among them, BHLHE40 expression was upregulated in vitamin A group lambs. Furthermore, BHLHE40 expression is significantly increased after initiation of differentiation in myoblasts, and RA addition during differentiation greatly promoted BHLHE40 mRNA expression. In vitro, RA inhibited myoblasts proliferation and promoted myoblasts myogenic differentiation through BHLHE40 . Moreover, BHLHE40 was proved to inhibit the expression of the DNA binding inhibitor 3 ( ID3 ), and meanwhile, ID3 could effectively promote myoblasts proliferation and inhibit myoblasts myogenic differentiation. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that vitamin A inhibited myoblasts proliferation and promoted myoblasts myogenic differentiation by inhibiting ID3 expression through BHLHE40.

Objective The importance of late-onset cobalamin C (cblC) disorder is underestimated in adults. Improved awareness on its clinical and neuroimaging features helps timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Methods Totally 16 late-onset cblC cases were diagnosed based on clinical, biochemical findings and MMAHC gene mutation analysis. Clinical presentations, neuroimaging features and mutational spectrum were reviewed. Results The case series included 10 males and 6 females, with average age of 22 (range 13–40) years. All the 16 patients displayed bilateral pyramidal tract signs, and most of the cases (13) had cognitive impairment. Other symptoms included psychiatric symptoms (6), epilepsy (6), peripheral nerve damage (5), ocular symptoms (4) and lower-limb thrombosis (1). The neuroimaging findings were dominated by cerebral atrophy (11/16), followed by white matter lesions (4), cerebellar lesions/atrophy (2) and spinal cord lesions (1). There were also 2 patients with normal imaging. All the MMACHC mutations were compound heterozygous, of which the most and second frequent was c.482G > A (p.R161Q; 15/16 case; allele frequency: 46.88%) and c.609G > A(p.W203X; 6/16 case; allele frequency: 18.75%). In addition, patients carrying frameshift mutations (deletion/duplication) presented more frequently with psychiatric symptoms (57.1%) and optic nerve damages (42.9%) than those carrying point mutations (22.2 and 11.1%, respectively). In contrast, peripheral nerve (44.4%) and white matter lesions (33.3%) were more frequently identified in point mutation- carriers. However, the differences did not achieve statistical significance (all p  > 0.05). Conclusion Compared to the early-onset form, late-onset cblC displayed some clinical, neuroimaging and mutational profiles, which warrants particular attention in adult neurologic practice. These findings not only broaden our insights into the genotypes and phenotypes of the disease, but highlight the importance of early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatments.

Background The management of cardiovascular (CV) diseases is considerably hindered by the presence of anxiety disorders, which act as a significant barrier to medication adherence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize existing evidence on the relationship between anxiety and medication adherence in individuals with CV diseases. Methods A systematic search was conducted across five major databases from inception to 2025. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted utilizing Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3), with with p  < 0.05 indicating significance. Results A total of 23 studies were selected, including 18 with cross-sectional and five with a longitudinal study design. The combined sample size was 72,815 participants, with an average age of 60.7 years and 51.7% were male participants. Majority of studies ( n  = 15) reported a negative association between anxiety and cardiovascular (CV) medication adherence. Meta-analysis ( n  = 20) further supported this overall negative association (SMD = -1.087, 95% CI [-1.469, -0.705], p  < 0.001) which was also evident across clinical subgroups: hypertension (SMD = -0.648, 95% CI [-1.293, -0.004], p  = 0.049), congestive heart failure (SMD = -0.51, 95% CI [-0.92, -0.10], p  = 0.02), and ischemic heart disease (SMD = -2.322, 95% CI [-3.498, -1.146], p  < 0.001). Conclusion This review primarily contributes to the understanding of negative association between anxiety and medication adherence in the context of CV diseases. However, the predominance of cross-sectional designs, and substantial heterogeneity necessitate cautious interpretation of these findings.

Exclusion criteria included age under 18 years old, strabismus, refractive errors, best-corrected visual acuity of below 0.8, high myopia, abnormal axial length, media opacities, history of ocular surgery or trauma, other ocular or systemic diseases, prior use of certain medications (e.g., diuretics, glucocorticoids), inability to perform visual field testing, pregnancy/lactation, and PGA intolerance. Data collected at baseline and 6 months post-PGA treatment included demographic characteristics, central corneal thickness, IOP, vertical cup-to-disc ratio, RNFL thickness, macular vascular parameters obtained via OCTA (Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT with Angioplex™ system [Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA]), and visual field obtained via standard automatic perimetry. The limitations of this study include the small sample size, short follow-up, and use of a non-contact tonometer instead of a Goldmann tonometer, potentially introducing IOP measurement variability due to factors like central corneal thickness and eyeball wall stiffness. Funding This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82070954), the Innovative Spark Grant of Sichuan University (No. 2018SCUH0062), 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence–Clinical Research Incubation Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. 2021HXFH057), and the Key Project of the Science and Technology Department in Sichuan province (No. 2023YFS0309).