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Magnesium (Mg) is the lightest structural metal. It is promising for aerospace applications if its mechanical properties can be improved at a reasonable cost, without using expensive alloying elements or time-consuming processing routes. Here, we develop a rare-earth free Mg-Al-Ca alloy, processed through rotary swaging followed by flash annealing. The resulting alloy exhibits superior strength and ductility, surpassing nearly all reported rare-earth free magnesium alloys. Nanosized Al-Ca precipitates and clusters, formed largely during rotary swaging and flash annealing, significantly strengthen the alloy. Deformation twinning is suppressed, necessitating the formation of more dislocations to accommodate the severe plastic strain induced by rotary swaging. These dislocations are retained during flash annealing due to the high climb energy barrier and pinning by those nanosized Al-Ca precipitates and clusters. This retention of dislocations contributes to high ductility and provides forest hardening, further increasing strength. This study offers a simple strategy for designing and fabricating high-performance magnesium alloys. Retarded dislocation activity in magnesium alloys typically limits ductility. Here, high strength and ductility are achieved in a rotary swaged and flash annealed rare earth-free magnesium alloy, attributed to nanosized Al-Ca precipitates and dislocation activation with limited twinning.

Partial oxidation is a strategic method to optimize catalytic materials, particularly for multifunctional systems. Palladium (Pd), renowned for its dual activity in formaldehyde oxidation (FOR) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), is engineered here into a partially oxidized Pd/PdO catalyst. This design integrates metallic Pd's conductivity with PdO's oxidative properties, overcoming PdO's inherent limitations in adsorption and electron transfer. The Pd/PdO catalyst achieves a current density of 50 mA cm−2 at a low FOR potential of 0.63 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, while HER performance remains robust even in formaldehyde‐containing electrolytes, maintaining unaltered onset potentials and kinetics. Hydrogen sources and mapped FOR‐driven hydrogen generation pathways through in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and product analysis are conclusively identified. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Pd0–Pd2+ interfacial synergy enhances formaldehyde adsorption, while partial density of states (PDOS) analyzes reveal electronic modulation induced by partial oxidation, rationalizing the improved activity. This work not only elucidates the bifunctional mechanism of Pd/PdO but also highlights its potential in formaldehyde–water coelectrolysis systems. By bridging material design with atomic‐level mechanistic insights, the study establishes a universal framework for developing efficient, oxidation‐engineered catalysts for sustainable hydrogen production. This work presents a novel partially oxygen‐doped Pd/PdO/CC catalyst, enabling a dual‐hydrogen generation process at both the cathode and anode through formaldehyde–water coelectrolysis, significantly enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability.

While the metabolic changes in cancer tissues were first observed by Warburg Otto almost a century ago, altered metabolism has recently returned as a focus of cancer research. 5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA) is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing nucleoside found in numerous species. While MTA was first isolated several decades ago, a lack of sensitive and specific analytical methodologies designed for its direct quantification has hampered the study of its physiological and pathophysiological features. Many studies indicate that MTA suppresses tumors by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and the induction of apoptosis while controlling the inflammatory micro-environments of tumor tissue. In this review, we assessed the effects of MTA and of related materials on the growth and functions of normal and malignant cells.

The global rise in aging populations has made healthy longevity a critical priority in medical research. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), the primary bioactive component of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (commonly known as Fallopia multiflora Thunb., He shou wu, Fo-ti, or Polygoni multiflori radix), has emerged as a promising agent for combating aging and age-related diseases. This systematic review evaluates the anti-aging properties of TSG and its protective effects against age-related pathologies. The current evidence demonstrates that TSG exhibits comprehensive anti-aging effects, including lifespan extension, neuroprotection (e.g., ameliorating Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases), cardiovascular protection (e.g., reducing atherosclerosis and hypertension), delay of gonadal aging, reduction in bone loss (e.g., mitigating osteoporosis), and promotion of hair regrowth. Mechanistically, TSG alleviates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis while enhancing mitophagy, mitochondrial function telomerase activity, and epigenetic regulation. These multi-target actions align with the holistic principles of traditional Chinese medicine, highlighting TSG’s potential as a multifaceted anti-aging agent. However, further research is required to establish standardized quantitative systems for evaluating TSG’s efficacy, paving the way for its broader clinical application in promoting healthy aging.

Kelvin−Helmholtz (KH) instability is a fundamental fluid instability that widely exists in nature and engineering. To better understand the dynamic process of the KH instability, the influence of the tangential velocity on the compressible KH instability is investigated by using the discrete Boltzmann method based on the nonequilibrium statistical physics. Both hydrodynamic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium (TNE) effects are probed and analyzed. It is found that, on the whole, the global density gradients, the TNE strength and area firstly increase and decrease afterwards. Both the global density gradient and heat flux intensity in the vertical direction are almost constant in the initial stage before a vortex forms. Moreover, with the increase of the tangential velocity, the KH instability evolves faster, hence the global density gradients, the TNE strength and area increase in the initial stage and achieve their peak earlier, and their maxima are higher for a larger tangential velocity. Physically, there are several competitive mechanisms in the evolution of the KH instability. (i) The physical gradients increase and the TNE effects are strengthened as the interface is elongated. The local physical gradients decrease and the local TNE intensity is weakened on account of the dissipation and/or diffusion. (ii) The global heat flux intensity is promoted when the physical gradients increase. As the contact area expands, the heat exchange is enhanced and the global heat flux intensity increases. (iii) The global TNE intensity reduces with the decreasing of physical gradients and increase with the increasing of TNE area. (iv) The nonequilibrium area increases as the fluid interface is elongated and is widened because of the dissipation and/or diffusion.

In this work, acrylic cellulose hydrogel, a typical natural polymer adsorbent, was modified using MXene through in situ polymerization to create a synthetic inorganic–polymer composite known as MXene/cellulose hydrogel. FTIR, XRD, SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses were applied to characterize the chemical structure and micromorphology. The MXene/cellulose hydrogel was utilized for the removal of Pb[sup.2+] from wastewater. Under optimal experimental conditions (initial Pb[sup.2+] concentration of 0.04 mol/L, adsorption time of 150 min, pH = 5.5, and MXene doping content of 50% at 30 °C), a maximum adsorption capacity of 410.57 mg/g was achieved. The MXene/cellulose hydrogel corresponded with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation model and exhibited a better fit with the Freundlich isotherm model.

In this work, acrylic cellulose hydrogel, a typical natural polymer adsorbent, was modified using MXene through in situ polymerization to create a synthetic inorganic–polymer composite known as MXene/cellulose hydrogel. FTIR, XRD, SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses were applied to characterize the chemical structure and micromorphology. The MXene/cellulose hydrogel was utilized for the removal of Pb2+ from wastewater. Under optimal experimental conditions (initial Pb2+ concentration of 0.04 mol/L, adsorption time of 150 min, pH = 5.5, and MXene doping content of 50% at 30 °C), a maximum adsorption capacity of 410.57 mg/g was achieved. The MXene/cellulose hydrogel corresponded with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation model and exhibited a better fit with the Freundlich isotherm model.

In this study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. We searched seven online databases to collect studies published up to Feb 29th, 2020. Study quality of each included article was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were conducted based on the Cochrane systematic review method by using RevMan 5.3 software. Among the included trials, acupoint catgut embedding alone or plus oral western medicine or plus other acupoint-based therapies, or plus oral traditional Chinese medicine were the main therapies in the experimental groups. Interventions in control groups mainly include oral western medicine alone, other acupoint-based therapies alone, or other acupoint-based therapies alone. Primary outcomes in this study include recovery rate, accumulative marked effective rate, accumulative effective rate, and recurrence rate. Finally, 30 trials involving 1889 participants were included. The results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses show that acupoint catgut embedding alone or plus oral western medicine or plus other acupoint-based therapy or plus oral traditional Chinese medicine was significantly better compared with using oral western medicine alone in terms of efficacy for IBS-C and IBS-D. In addition, acupoint catgut embedding alone or plus oral western medicine or plus other acupoint-based therapy or plus oral traditional Chinese medicine could improve the effective rate and decrease the recurrence rate for IBS-D compared with using oral western medicine, other acupoint-based therapies, or oral traditional Chinese medicine alone. Adverse events of acupoint catgut embedding include local induration, redness, swelling, and itchiness, but they were all mild and disappeared swiftly with ordinary local interventions. There is an urgent need for RCTs of high quality and large sample size and with longer treatment duration and follow-up periods of acupoint catgut embedding for IBS.

In this work, acrylic cellulose hydrogel, a typical natural polymer adsorbent, was modified using MXene through in situ polymerization to create a synthetic inorganic-polymer composite known as MXene/cellulose hydrogel. FTIR, XRD, SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses were applied to characterize the chemical structure and micromorphology. The MXene/cellulose hydrogel was utilized for the removal of Pb from wastewater. Under optimal experimental conditions (initial Pb concentration of 0.04 mol/L, adsorption time of 150 min, pH = 5.5, and MXene doping content of 50% at 30 °C), a maximum adsorption capacity of 410.57 mg/g was achieved. The MXene/cellulose hydrogel corresponded with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation model and exhibited a better fit with the Freundlich isotherm model.