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In this paper, a Ni and diamond-like carbon (DLC)-modified TiO2 nanotube composite electrode was prepared as a glucose sensor using a combination of an anodizing process, electrodeposition, and magnetron sputtering. The composition and morphology of the electrodes were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray detector, and the electrochemical glucose oxidation performance of the electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that the Ni-coated DLC-modified TiO2 electrode has better electrocatalytic oxidation performance for glucose than pure TiO2 and electrodeposited Ni on a TiO2 electrode, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect between Ni and carbon. The glucose test results indicate a good linear correlation in a glucose concentration range of 0.99–22.97 mM, with a sensitivity of 1063.78 μA·mM−1·cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.53 μM. The results suggest that the obtained Ni-DLC/TiO2 electrode has great application potential in the field of non-enzymatic glucose sensors.

Aim: In China, warfarin is usually prescribed with Chuanxiong Rhizoma for treating thromboembolism diseases. However, the reason for their combination is still being determined. The present study explored the pharmacokinetics interactions of warfarin, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and gut microbiota in the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into six groups: MCAO rats orally administered warfarin (W group), pseudo germ-free MCAO rats orally administered warfarin (W-f group), MCAO rats co-administered Chuanxiong Rhizoma and warfarin (C + W group), pseudo germ-free MCAO rats co-administered Chuanxiong Rhizoma and warfarin (C + W-f group), MCAO rats co-administered warfarin and senkyunolide I (S + W group); pseudo germ-free MCAO rats co-administered warfarin and senkyunolide I (S + W-f group). After treatment, all animals’ blood and stool samples were collected at different time points. The stool samples were used for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to quantify warfarin, internal standards, and the main bioactive components of Chuanxiong in blood samples. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of warfarin were calculated by DAS 2.1.1 software. Results: The relative abundance of Allobaculum and Dubosiella in the pseudo germ-free groups (W-f, C + W-f, S + W-f) was lower than that in the other three groups (W, C + W, S + W). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the W-f group was higher than that of the W group, while the relative abundance of Akkermansia decreased. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae _UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae _NK4A214_group in the S + W-f group was lower than in the S + W group. Compared to the W group, the AUC 0-t and C max of warfarin in the W-f group increased significantly to 51.26% and 34.58%, respectively. The AUC 0-t and C max in the C + W group promoted 71.20% and 65.75% more than the W group. Compared to the W group, the AUC 0-t and C max increased to 64.98% and 64.39% in the S + W group. Conclusion: Chuanxiong Rhizoma and senkyunolide I (the most abundant metabolites of Chuanxiong Rhizoma aqueous extract) might affect the pharmacokinetics features of warfarin in MCAO rats through, at least partly, gut microbiota.

Due to the wide use of iron in all kinds of areas, the design and construction of direct, fast, and highly sensitive sensor for Fe3+ are highly desirable and important. In the present work, a kind of fluorescent MXene quantum dots (MQDs) was synthesized via an intermittent ultrasound process using N,N-dimethyl formamide as solvent. The prepared MQDs were characterized via a combination of UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence spectra, X-ray photoelectron energy spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the electrostatic-induced aggregation quenching mechanism, the fluorescent MQDs probes exhibited excellent sensing performance for the detection of Fe3+, with a sensitivity of 0.6377 mM−1 and the detection limit of 1.4 μM, superior to those reported in studies. The present MQDs-based probes demonstrate the potential promising applications as the sensing device of Fe3+.

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a vapor phase technique capable of producing a variety of materials. It consists of the alternation of separate self-limiting surface reactions, which enables accurate control of film thickness at the Angstrom level. ALD becomes a powerful tool for a lot of industrial and research applications. Coating strategies are the key for ALD; however, there are few systematic reviews concerning coating strategies for ALD. This review provides a detailed summary of state-of-the-art coating strategies in ALD, emphasizing the recent progress in the fabrication of novel nanostructures. The progress in coating strategies is reviewed in three parts: template-assisted preparation of low-dimensional nanomaterials and complex nanostructures; surface treatments, including the surface activation and the surface blocking ways; enhanced reactor, such as plasma and fluid bed reactor, and improved growth method such as the ABC-type model. In addition, we also discussed the challenges facing the coating method for ALD.

Interlayer charge‐transfer (CT) in 2D atomically thin vertical stacks heterostructures offers an unparalleled new approach to regulation of device performance in optoelectronic and photonics applications. Despite the fact that the saturable absorption (SA) in 2D heterostructures involves highly efficient optical modulation in the space and time domain, the lack of explicit SA regulation mechanism at the nanoscale prevents this feature from realizing nanophotonic modulation. Here, the enhancement of SA response via CT in WS2/graphene vertical heterostructure is proposed and the related mechanism is demonstrated through simulations and experiments. Leveraging this mechanism, CT‐induced SA enhancement can be expanded to a wide range of nonlinear optical modulation applications for 2D materials. The results suggest that CT between 2D heterostructures enables efficient nonlinear optical response regulation. Saturable absorption modulation of 2D heterostructures is an important issue in the field of nonlinear optics of 2D materials. In this work, the mechanism of interfacial carrier transfer modulation on saturable absorption response by experimental and simulation methods are designed and verified, which provides guidance for the application of 2D materials in all‐optical and optoelectronic devices.

Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models of posaconazole have been established to promote the precision dosing. However, the performance of these models extrapolated to other centers has not been evaluated. This study aimed to conduct an external evaluation of published posaconazole PopPK models to evaluate their predictive performance. Posaconazole PopPK models screened from the PubMed and MEDLINE databases were evaluated using an external dataset of 213 trough concentration samples collected from 97 patients. Their predictive performance was evaluated by prediction-based diagnosis (prediction error), simulation-based diagnosis (visual predictive check), and Bayesian forecasting. In addition, external cohorts with and without proton pump inhibitor were used to evaluate the models respectively. Ten models suitable for the external dataset were finally included into the study. In prediction-based diagnostics, none of the models met pre-determined criteria for predictive indexes. Only M4, M6, and M10 demonstrated favorable simulations in visual predictive check. The prediction performance of M5, M7, M8, and M9 evaluated using the cohort without proton pump inhibitor showed a significant improvement compared to that evaluated using the whole cohort. Consistent with our expectations, Bayesian forecasting significantly improved the predictive per-formance of the models with two or three prior observations. In general, the applicability of these published posaconazole PopPK models extrapolated to our center was unsatisfactory. Prospective studies combined with therapeutic drug monitoring are needed to establish a PopPK model for posaconazole in the Chinese population to promote individualized dosing.

Developing cost‐effective and highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts that operate in both acidic and alkaline media is crucial for industrial electrocatalytic water splitting. However, achieving high performance under dual pH conditions remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of multi‐sized RuO2 sub‐nanoclusters on Co3O4 nanoarrays via a facile method, which demonstrates exceptional OER activity in both acidic and alkaline environments. The optimized catalyst exhibits remarkably low overpotentials of 165 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 223 mV in 1 M KOH at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Additionally, it exhibits outstanding stability, maintaining performance over a 10‐h continuous operation, which is attributed to the robust structural stability of the dispersed RuO2 sub‐nanocluster morphology. Atomic‐scale investigations reveal a layer‐by‐layer growth mechanism of Ru on the Co3O4 substrate, transitioning from single atoms to monolayer clusters and ultimately to sub‐nanoclusters as Ru loading increases. This growth mechanism provides a rational strategy for the precise design and synthesis of advanced cluster‐based catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further elucidate the strong oxide‐support interactions between RuO2 clusters and the Co3O4 matrix, facilitating electron transfer from RuO2 to Co3O4 and generating an electron‐deficient region. This electronic modulation enhances –OH adsorption and accelerates OER kinetics. These findings underscore the potential of metal sub‐nanoclusters for designing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. We reports a facile and effective method for synthesizing RuO2 sub‐nanoclusters supported on a Co3O4 nanoarray, exhibiting exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. Furthermore, we elucidated the mechanism of layer‐by‐layer growth of the Ru species on Co3O4 supports, progressing from single atoms to sub‐nanoclusters with increasing Ru loading. This controlled evolution, which can be further extended to nanoparticles with prolonged heat treatment, provides valuable insights for the rational design and synthesis of advanced cluster catalysts.

The mechanical performance of pure copper can be significantly strengthened by adding graphene without greatly sacrificing its electrical and thermal conductivity. However, it is difficult to observe the deformation behavior of Cu/graphene composites efficiently and optically using experiments due to the extremely small graphene size. Herein, Cu/graphene composites with different graphene positions and layers were built to investigate the effect of these factors on the mechanical performance of the composites and the deformation mechanisms using molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the maximum indentation force and hardness of the composites decreased significantly with an increase in the distance from graphene to the indentation surface. Graphene strengthened the mechanical properties of Cu/graphene composites by hindering the slip of dislocations. As the graphene layers increased, the strengthening effect became more pronounced. With more graphene layers, dislocations within the Cu matrix were required to overcome higher stress to be released towards the surface; thus, they had to store enough energy to allow more crystalline surfaces to slip, resulting in more dislocations being generated.

A new method for structural reliability analysis using orthogonalizable power polynomial basis vector is presented. Firstly, a power polynomial basis vector is adopted to express the initial series solution of structural response, which is determined by a series of deterministic recursive equation based on perturbation technique, and then transferred to be a set of orthogonalizable power polynomial basis vector using the orthogonalization technique. By conducting Garlekin projection, an accelerating factor vector of the orthogonalizable power polynomial expansion is determined by solving small scale algebraic equations. Numerical results of a continuous bridge structure on reliability analysis shows that the proposed method can achieve the accuracy of the Direct Monte Carlo method and can save a lot of computation time at the same time, it is both accurate and efficient, and is very competitive to be used in structural reliability analysis.

This paper presents a new statistical model updating method of beam structures with random parameters under static load. The new updating method considers structural parameters and measurement errors to be random. To reduce the unmeasured degrees of freedom in the finite element model, a static condensation technique is used in this method. A statistical model updating equation with respect to element updated factors is established afterwards. The element updated factors are expanded as random multivariate power series. Using a high-order perturbation technique, the statistical model updating equation can be solved to obtain the coefficients of the power series expansions of the element updated factors. The results of two numerical examples show that for the solution of the statistical model updating equation, the accuracy of the proposed method agrees with that of the Monte Carlo simulation method very well. The static responses obtained by the updated finite element model coincide with the measured results very well. Finally, a series of static load tests of the concrete beam are conducted to testify the effectiveness of the proposed method.