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Objective To summarize and discuss the guiding role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in selecting endoscopic treatments for submucosal tumors (SMTs) in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted on 156 SMT patients who received endoscopic resection guided by EUS in the endoscopy center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from May 2019 to September 2021. Next, the size, pathological type, and distribution of lesions were analyzed; the correlation of the tumor origin with distribution of lesions and selection of treatments was explored; and the consistency of preoperative EUS diagnosis and postoperative pathological diagnosis was summarized and analyzed. Results The tumor diameters of the included SMT patients ranged from 0.3 to 4 cm, with a mean diameter of 0.95 cm; the lesions were mostly located in the esophagus, gastric fundus or fundic cardia and gastric body. As for the pathological types, liomyoma was the most common tumor in the esophagus, liomyoma and mesenchymoma were mainly located in the fundic cardia and gastric body, and heterotopic pancreas was mostly discovered in the gastric sinus. Among 38 esophageal SMT patients, some with lesions originating from muscularis mucosa and submucosa under EUS mainly underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscope band ligation (EBL); while others with lesions originated from muscularis propria mainly received submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER). Of 115 gastric SMT patients under EUS, some with lesion origins from the muscularis mucosa and submucosa mainly underwent endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE), while others from muscularis propria mainly underwent ESE, ESD, and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). Besides, 3 duodenal SMT patients with lesion origins from submucosa and muscularis propria under EUS were given ESD and ESE, respectively. Additionally, 121 cases showed a consistency between the EUS diagnosis and the postoperative pathological nature, and the consistency rate was 84.6%. Conclusion Clarifying the origin layer, size, growth pattern, and pathological nature of the lesion through preoperative EUS can guide the precise selection of endoscopic treatments, thereby ensuring a safe, effective, and complete surgical outcomes and reducing complications.

We identified a stem cell donor with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus (HHV)–6 and monitored the recipient for HHV-6 after transplantation. The appearance and subsequent increase in HHV-6 load paralleled engraftment and an increase in white blood cell count. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis showed integrated HHV-6 on chromosome band 17p13.3 in the donor and in the recipient after transplantation but not in the recipient before transplantation. The increase in viral load due to the genetic transmission of integrated HHV-6 could have been misinterpreted as substantial active infection and, thus, led to the administration of toxic antiviral therapy. We suggest that the confounding influence of integration be considered in laboratory investigations associating HHV-6 with disease

In recent years, the efficient and clean recovery of valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become a hot spot in the field of resource recycling, which will produce significant environmental and economic benefits. This paper presents a treatment method for waste LIBs powder, including three stages, oxidation roasting,cyclic leaching and precipitation. In the First stage, the battery powder underwent a decarbonization process in an O 2 atmosphere (700 °C, gas flow rate 240 mL/min for 30 min), resulting in a decarbonization rate of 99%. In the second stage, valuable metals were leached in a sulfuric acid system with N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O as reductant. Under optimal conditions (0.64 mol/L N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O, 6 mol/L H 2 SO 4 , 80 °C, 5 mL/g, 120 min), the leaching rates of Li, Ni, Co, Mn, Al, and Cu were all over 90%. Also, using N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O as a reducing agent, Cu was removed from the leaching solution through cyclic leaching. Under the optimal conditions (0.64 mol/L N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O, liquid-solid ratio is 6 mL/g, 80 °C, 120 min), the precipitation rate of Cu was 96%, and Cu was reduced to Cu 2 O to enter the precipitated slag. Finally, C 7 H 5 NaO 2 was used to selectively precipitate Al from the leaching solution, resulting in a precipitation rate of 96%. Al entered the precipitate in the form of Al(C 7 H 5 O 2 ) 3 which can be dissolved in dilute acid (0.5 mol/L HCL), allowing for benzoic acid to be recycled.

The molecular mechanism controlling the dismantling of naive pluripotency is poorly understood. Here we show that microRNAs （miRNAs） have important roles during naive to primed pluripotency transition. Dgcr8-/- embryon- ic stem cells （ESCs） failed to completely silence the naive pluripotency program, as well as to establish the primed pluripotency program during differentiation, miRNA profiling revealed that expression levels of a large number of miRNAs changed dynamically and rapidly during naive to primed pluripotency transition. Furthermore, a miRNA screen identified numerous miRNAs promoting naive to primed pluripotency transition. Unexpectedly, multiple miR- NAs from miR-290 and miR-302 clusters, previously shown as pluripotency-promoting miRNAs, demonstrated the strongest effects in silencing naive pluripotency. Knockout of both miR-290 and miR-302 clusters but not either alone blocked the silencing of naive pluripotency program. Mechanistically, the miR-290/302 family of miRNAs may facili- tate the exit of naive pluripotency in part by promoting the activity of MEK pathway and through directly repressing Aktl. Our study reveals miRNAs as an important class of regulators potentiating ESCs to transition from naive to primed pluripotency, and uncovers context-dependent functions of the miR-290/302 family of miRNAs at different developmental stages.

Aim： Recent evidence shows that localization of mRNAs and their protein products at cellular protrusions plays a decisive function in the metastasis of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to identify the variety of proteins encoded by protrusion-localized mRNAs and their roles in the metastasis and invasion of liver cancer cells. Methods： Highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCCLM3 and non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 were examined. Cell protrusions （Ps） were separated from cell bodies （CB） using a Boyden chamber assay; total mRNA population in CB and Ps fractions was analyzed using high-throughput direct RNA sequencing. The localization of STAT3 mRNA and protein at Ps was confirmed using RT-qPCR, RNA FISH, and immunofluorescence assays. Cell migration capacity and invasiveness of HCCLM3 cells were evaluated using MTT, wound healing migration and in vitro invasion assays. The interaction between Stat3 and growth factor receptors was explored with co-immunoprecipitation assays. Results： In HCCLM3 cells, 793 mRNAs were identified as being localized in the Ps fraction according to a cut-off value （Ps/CB ratio） 〉1.6. The Ps-localized mRNAs could be divided into 4 functional groups, and were all closely related to the invasive and metastatic properties. STAT3 mRNA accumulated in the Ps of HCCLM3 cells compared with non-metastatic SMMC-7721 cells. Treatment of HCCLM3 cells with siRNAs against STAT3 mRNA drastically decreased the cell migration and invasion. Moreover, Ps-localized Stat3 was found to interact with pseudopod-enriched platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase （PDGFRTK） in a growth factor- dependent manner. Conclusion： This study reveals STAT3 mRNA localization at the Ps of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 cells by combining application of genome-wide and gene specific description and functional analysis.

We analyzed the gut microbiota from different parts of the intestine of a dead semi-wild golden snub-nosed monkey in Dalongtan Station of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve.Intestinal content was sampled from the duodenum,small intestine(jejunum and ileum),cecum,and large intestine(colon and rectum)under aseptic condition.Microbial genome DNA were extracted and sequenced by high-output sequencing.Then we analyzed the intestinal bacterial and fungal diversity and compared bacterial and fungal abundance,distribution,diversity and change trends between different parts of the intestinal.The intestinal bacteria of the golden snub-nosed monkey mainly belong to Firmicutes,Verrucomicrobia,Proteobacteria,Fusobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Synergistetes.The intestinal fungi mainly belong to Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota,and unclassified fungi.Bacteria abundance was highest in the cecum while bacterial diversity was highest in the large intestine.Fungi were most abundant in the small intestine while fu

Human enterovirus 71 （EV71） is the primary causative agent of recent large-scale outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease （HFMD） in Asia. Currently, there are no drugs available for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. In this study, we compared the anti-EV71 activities of three natural compounds, rheum emodin, artemisinin and astragaloside extracted from Chinese herbs Chinese rhubarb, Artemisia carvifolia and Astragalus, respectively, which have been traditionally used for the treatment and prevention of epidemic diseases. Human lung fibroblast cell line MRC5 was mock-infected or infected with EV71, and treated with drugs. The cytotoxicity of the drugs was detected with MTT assay. The cytopathic effects such as cell death and condensed nuclei were morphologically observed. The VPl-coding sequence required for EV71 genome replication was assayed with qRT-PCR. Viral protein expression was analyzed with Western blotting. Viral TClD50 was determined to evaluate EV71 virulence. Flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide staining was performed to analyze the cell cycle distribution of MRC5 cells. Rheum emodin （29.6 pmol/L） effectively protected MRC5 cells from EV71-induced cytopathic effects, which resulted from the inhibiting viral replication： rheum emodin treatment decreased vira genomic levels by 5.34-fold, viral protein expression by less than 30-fold and EV71 virulence by 0.33107-fold. The fact that inhibition of rheum emodin on viral virulence was much stronger than its effects on genomic levels and viral protein expression suggested that rheum emodin inhibited viral maturation. Furthermore, rheum emodin treatment markedly diminished cell cycle arrest at S phase in MRC5 cells, which was induced by EV71 infection and favored the viral replication. In contrast, neither astragaloside （50 pmol/L） nor artemisinin （50 pmol/L） showed similar anti-EV71 activities. Among the three natural compounds tested, rheum emodin effectively suppressed EV71 viral replication, thus is a candidate anti-HFMD drug.

本文基于南海地区850 hPa风场,降水以及海温定义了南海夏季风爆发指数,将南海季风爆发过程分为季节转换和季风爆发两个过程来进行研究。对18年的观测分析发现,南海季风爆发可归纳为三种情况：第一种是季风正常爆发,随着季节转换结束后,西南季风和降水在南海地区有明显增强;第二种是间接性爆发,在季节转换结束后,西南季风和降水的建立不是特别明显;第三种是推迟爆发,在季节转换结束后,南海地区没有建立西南季风也没有降水产生。进一步研究发现,西太副高异常西伸是导致南海季风延迟爆发的重要因素之一。此外,大尺度环流背景ENSO的影响也对南海季风爆发时间的早晚有重要影响,但并不是唯一决定性因素,印度洋和亚洲大地形的局地热力差异变化是影响季风爆发的另一重要因素。

Objective： To study explores the effect of HLEC on the secreted proteins of epithelial ovarian cancer （EOC） cells （SKOV3-PM4） with directional highly lymphatic metastasis. Methods： Supernatants of four groups of cultured cells, namely, SKOV3 （A）, SKOV3＋HLEC （B）, SKOV3-PM4 （C）, SKOV3-PM4＋HLEC （D）, were collected, and their proteins were detected by antibody arrays and iTRAOcZD-LC-MALDI- TOF/TOF/MS. Significantly differential proteins were further analyzed via bioinformatics and validated in human serums and cell media via ELISA. Results： Results of antibody arrays and mass spectrometry demonstrated that GRN and VEGFA were upregulated in group C （compared with group A）, whereas IGFBP7 and SPARC were downregulated in group D （compared with group C）. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis results showed that IGFBP7 and VEGFA were closely linked to each other. Further validation with serums showed statistical significance in VEGFA and IGFBP7 levels among groups of patients with ovarian cancers, benign tumors, and control groups. Two proteins were upegulated in the first group. VEGFA in the control group was downregulated. For IGFBP, upregulation in the control group and down-regulation in the first group were also observed. Conclusion： The HLEC microenvironment is closely associated with directional metastasis to lymph nodes and with differential proteins including cell stromal proteins and adhesion factors. The upregulation of VEGFA and GRN and the downregulation of SPARC and IGFBP7 are closely associated with directional metastasis to lymph nodes in EOC cells.

The selection and breeding of pollution-safe cultivars （PSCs） is a practicable and cost-effective approach to minimize the influx of heavy metal to the human food chain.In this study,both pot-culture and field experiments were conducted to identify and screen out cadmium pollution-safe cultivars （Cd-PSCs） from 50 pakchoi （Brassica rapa L.ssp.chinensis） cultivars for food safety.When treated with 1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg Cd,most of the pakchoi cultivars （70%） showed greater or similar shoot biomass when compared with the control.This result indicates that pakchoi has a considerable tolerance to soil Cd stress.Cd concentrations in the shoot varied significantly （P0.05） between cultivars：in two Cd treatments （1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg）,the average values were 0.074 and 0.175 mg/kg fresh weight （FW）,respectively.Cd concentrations in the shoots of 14 pakchoi cultivars were lower than 0.05 mg/kg FW.In pot-culture experiments,both enrichment factors （EFs） and translocation factors （TFs） of six pakchoi cultivars were lower than 1.0.The field studies further confirmed that the Hangzhouyoudonger,Aijiaoheiye 333,and Zaoshenghuajing cultivars are Cd-PSCs,and are therefore suitable for growth in low Cd-contaminated soils （≤1.2 mg/kg） without any risk to food safety.