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Background With more than 600,000 mortalities each year, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Recently, mechanisms involving noncoding RNAs have been implicated in the development of CRC. Methods We examined expression levels of lncRNA CRNDE and miR-181a-5p in 64 cases of CRC tissues and cell lines by qRT-PCR. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays were performed to examine the effect of CRNDE and miR-181a-5p on proliferation and chemoresistance of CRC cells. Using fluorescence reporter and western blot assays, we also explored the possible mechanisms of CRNDE in CRC cells. Results In this study, we found that the expression levels of the CRNDE were upregulated in CRC clinical tissue samples. We identified microRNA miR-181a-5p as an inhibitory target of CRNDE. Both CRNDE knockdown and miR-181a-5p overexpression in CRC cell lines led to inhibited cell proliferation and reduced chemoresistance. We also determined that β-catenin and TCF4 were inhibitory targets of miR-181a-5p, and that Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited by both CRNDE knockdown and miR-181a-5p overexpression. Significantly, we found that the repression of cell proliferation, the reduction of chemoresistance, and the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced by CRNDE knockdown would require the increased expression of miR-181a-5p. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the lncRNA CRNDE could regulate the progression and chemoresistance of CRC via modulating the expression levels of miR-181a-5p and the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Entropy optimization in convective viscous fluids flow due to a rotating cone is explored. Heat expression with heat source/sink and dissipation is considered. Irreversibility with binary chemical reaction is also deliberated. Nonlinear system is reduced to ODEs by suitable variables. Newton built in shooting procedure is adopted for numerical solution. Salient features velocity filed, Bejan number, entropy rate, concentration and temperature are deliberated. Numerical outcomes for velocity gradient and mass and heat transfer rates are displayed through tables. Assessments between the current and previous published outcomes are in an excellent agreement. It is noted that velocity and temperature show contrasting behavior for larger variable viscosity parameter. Entropy rate and Bejan number have reverse effect against viscosity variable. For rising values of thermal conductivity variable both Bejan number and entropy optimization have similar effect.

Cartilage is a kind of connective tissue that buffers pressure and is essential to protect joint movement. It is difficult to self-recover once cartilage is damaged due to the lack of blood vessels, lymph, and nerve tissues. Repair of cartilage injury is mainly achieved by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Cartilage homeostasis involves the regulation of multiple growth factors and the transduction of cellular signals. It is a very complicated process that has not been elucidated in detail. In this review, we summarized a variety of signaling molecules related to chondrocytes function. Especially, we described the correlation between chondrocyte-specific regulatory factors and cell signaling molecules. It has potential significance for guiding the treatment of cartilage injury.

Matrix nanocomposites are high performance materials possessing unusual features along with unique design possibilities. Due to extraordinary thermophysical characteristic contained by these matrix nanocomposites materials they are useful in several areas ranging from packaging to biomedical applications. Being an environment friendly, utilization of nanocomposites offer new technological opportunities for several sectors of aerospace, automotive, electronics and biotechnology. In this regards, current pagination is devoted to analyze thermal features of viscous fluid flow between orthogonally rotating disks with inclusion of metallic matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) and ceramic matrix nanocomposites (CMNC) materials. Morphological aspects of these nanomaterials on flow and heat transfer characteristics has been investigated on hybrid viscous fluid flow. Mathematical structuring of problem along with empirical relations for nanocomposites materials are formulated in the form of partial differential equations and later on converted into ordinary differential expressions by using suitable variables. Solution of constructed coupled differential system is found by collaboration of Runge–Kutta and shooting methods. Variation in skin friction coefficient at lower and upper walls of disks along with measurement about heat transfer rate are calculated against governing physical parameters. Impact of flow concerning variables on axial, radial components of velocity and temperature distribution are also evaluated. Contour plots are also drawn to explore heat and thermal profiles. Comparison and critical analysis of MMNc and CMNc have been presented at lower and upper porous disks. Our computed analysis indicates that hybrid nanofluids show significant influence as compared to simple nanofluids with the permutation of the different shape factors.

Chemical graph theory is a subfield of graph theory that uses a molecular graph to describe a chemical compound. When there is at least one connection between the vertices of a graph, it is said to be connected. Topology of graph has been expressed by numerical quantity which is known as topological index. Cheminformatics is a product field that combines chemistry, mathematics, and computer science. The graph plays a key role in modelling and coming up with any chemical arrangement. In this paper, we computed the multiplicative degree-based indices like Randić, Zagreb, Harmonic, augmented Zagreb, atom-bond connectivity, and geometric-arithmetic indices for newly developed fourth type of hex-derived networks and also present the graphical representations of results.

In this paper, we deal with the global behavior of the positive solutions of the system of k-difference equations un+11=α1un−11/β1+α1un−22r1, un+12=α2un−12/β2+α2un−23r2,…, un+1k=αkun−1k/βk+αkun−21rk,n∈ℕ0, where the initial conditions u−lil=0,1,2 are nonnegative real numbers and the parameters αi,βi,γi, and ri are positive real numbers for i=1,2,…,k, by extending some results in the literature. By the end of the paper, we give three numerical examples to support our theoretical results related to the system with some restrictions on the parameters.

•We developed and modified the K-line on sagittal T1-MRI image.•We measured IAK to investigate the efficiency and practicality of this K-line.•Patients with greater IAK values tended to have good neurologic outcome.•ACS is almost inevitable when anterior compression factors beyond this K-line.•This K-line can provide a guide for making decisions of the surgical approach. The original K-line was developed on plain radiograph to predict incomplete indirect decompression for the patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The current study modified the K-line on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine risk factors for incomplete decompression after laminoplasty and to provide a guide for predicting incomplete decompression after laminoplasty and making decisions regarding the surgical approach in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). A retrospective review of 47 patients with CSM after laminoplasty was conducted. The modified K-line was defined as a line connecting both anterior points of the spinal cord at the level of the inferior vertebrae endplates of C2 and C7 on sagittal T1-weighted MR image. Quantitative analysis of the interval between the maximal anterior compression factor and the modified K-line (IAK) was performed to investigate the efficiency and practicality of this modified K-line. Data analysis involved logistic regression and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Thirteen patients (27.7%) had postoperative residual anterior compression of the spinal cord (ACS). Univariate logistic regression with backward stepwise procedure showed that only IAK (odds ratio: 0.301; 95% confidence interval: 0.134–0.673, P=0.003) was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of postoperative ACS. Incidence of ACS was 80% in patients with an IAK of less than 1.5mm and 96.2% in those whose IAK is 0mm. The modified k-line can provide a guide for predicting poor clinical outcome after laminoplasty and making decisions regarding the surgical approach in patients with CSM.

We prove that the double inequalities Iα1(a,b)Q1-α1(a,b)0 with a≠b if and only if α1≥1/2, β1≤log[2log(1+2)]/(1-log2), α2≥5/7, and β2≤log[2log(1+2)], where I(a,b), M(a,b), Q(a,b), and C(a,b) are the identric, Neuman-Sándor, quadratic, and contraharmonic means of a and b, respectively.

This paper focuses on the generalized Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation to extract new complex solutions by using two analytical methods, namely, Bernoulli sub-equation function method, Modified exponential function method. For better understanding of physical meanings of solutions, simulations are reported by using a computational package program. Moreover, strain conditions for validity of complex solutions are also archived. Finally, a conclusion part completes the paper by mentioning the novelties of paper.

In the article, we prove that the function x → ( 1 − x ) p K ( x ) is logarithmically concave on (0, 1) if and only if p ≥ 7/32, the function x → K ( x ) / log ( 1 + 4 / 1 − x ) is convex on (0, 1) and the function x → d 2 d x 2 [ K ( x ) − log ( 1 + 4 1 − x ) ] is absolutely monotonic on (0, 1), where K ( x ) = ∫ 0 π / 2 ( 1 − x 2 sin 2 t ) − 1 / 2 d t is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind.