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"Li, Zhong"
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الاقتصاد الصيني
يتناول كتاب (الاقتصاد الصيني) والذي قام بتأليفه (وو دي لي، سوي فو مين، تشنغ لي) في حوالي (127) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (اقتصاد الصيني) مستعرضا التالي : يتحدث عن الإنجازات الملحوظة التي حققها الاقتصاد الصيني منذ أكثر من ثلاثين عاما هي مدة الإصلاح والانفتاح، وارتفاع مكانته الدولية بصورة متزايدة. وعن الاتجاه المستقبلي لاقتصاد الصين وإسهامات الاقتصاد الصيني في الاقتصاد العالمي ؟ ويمكن للقارئ أن يحصل على أجوبة لكل هذه الأسئلة من ذلك الكتاب.
Book
Progress on pivotal role and application of exosome in lung cancer carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis
Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Conventional treatments are not effective for metastatic lung cancer therapy. Although some of molecular targets have been identified with favorable response, those targets cannot be exploited due to the lack of suitable drug carriers. Lung cancer cell-derived exosomes (LCCDEs) receive recent interest in its role in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of lung cancer due to its biological functions and natural ability to carry donor cell biomolecules. LCCDEs can promote cell proliferation and metastasis, affect angiogenesis, modulate antitumor immune responses during lung cancer carcinogenesis, regulate drug resistance in lung cancer therapy, and be now considered an important component in liquid biopsy assessments for detecting lung cancer. Therapeutic deliverable exosomes are emerging as promising drug delivery agents specifically to tumor high precision medicine because of their natural intercellular communication role, excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, long blood circulation ability, biodegradable characteristics, and their ability to cross various biological barriers. Several studies are currently underway to develop novel diagnostic and prognostic modalities using LCCDEs, and to develop methods of exploiting exosomes for use as efficient drug delivery vehicles. Current status of lung cancer and extensive applicability of LCCDEs are illustrated in this review. The promising data and technologies indicate that the approach on LCCDEs implies the potential application of LCCDEs to clinical management of lung cancer patients.
Journal Article
Enhanced piezoelectricity from highly polarizable oriented amorphous fractions in biaxially oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride) with pure β crystals
Piezoelectric polymers hold great potential for various electromechanical applications, but only show low performance, with |
d
33
| < 30 pC/N. We prepare a highly piezoelectric polymer (
d
33
= −62 pC/N) based on a biaxially oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride) (BOPVDF, crystallinity = 0.52). After unidirectional poling, macroscopically aligned samples with pure β crystals are achieved, which show a high spontaneous polarization (
P
s
) of 140 mC/m
2
. Given the theoretical limit of
P
s,β
= 188 mC/m
2
for the neat β crystal, the high
P
s
cannot be explained by the crystalline-amorphous two-phase model (i.e.,
P
s,β
= 270 mC/m
2
). Instead, we deduce that a significant amount (at least 0.25) of an oriented amorphous fraction (OAF) must be present between these two phases. Experimental data suggest that the mobile OAF resulted in the negative and high
d
33
for the poled BOPVDF. The plausibility of this conclusion is supported by molecular dynamics simulations.
Piezoelectric polymers usually have rather low piezoelectric coefficients less than 30 pC/N. Here, the authors achieve a highly piezoelectric polymer (
d
33
= −62 pC/N) based on a poled biaxially oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride) with a pure β phase due to the mobile oriented amorphous fraction.
Journal Article
Circularly polarized luminescence of coordination aggregates
The development and applications of materials with efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have become an interdisciplinary frontier research topic. We summarize herein the recent advance in the development and applications of CPL‐active aggregates based on metal‐ligand coordination materials (termed as “coordination aggregates”). The materials surveyed are classified as aggregates of small‐molecular metal complexes, which include monocomponent assemblies of Pt(II) complexes and other complexes and binary aggregates of metal complexes, and CPL‐active metal‐ligand coordination helicates, polymers, and frameworks. The efforts in improving the dissymmetry luminescence factors and quantum yields of these materials and the use of the aggregation strategy in enhancing the performance of isolated molecules are discussed. The recent applications of chiral metal complexes in circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on solution‐ or evaporation‐processed procedures are surveyed. In addition, the uses of lanthanide complexes in CPL‐contrast imaging and as CPL probes are highlighted. The common discussion on the mechanism of aggregation‐enhanced CPLs and a perspective on future works of CPL‐active coordination aggregates are finally given. The recent progress in the development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active aggregates of metal‐ligand coordination materials is summarized, including those based on discrete chiral metal complexes, chiral metal‐ligand helicates, and coordination polymers and frameworks. The applications of these materials in circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes and CPL‐contrast imaging and probes are further discussed.
Journal Article
هذه هي الصين : قوة تسير نحو العالم
يركز كتاب \"هذه هي الصين\" على سرد قصص تنمية الصين في العصر الجديد. وقد غير الدكتور تشانغ وي وي طريقته المعروفة بالتوجيه والإرشاد في البرامج الأيديولوجية والنظرية في الماضي، وعبر عنها بلغة شعبية سائغة، وحجج منطقية صارمة، وبيانات حقيقية، وتصادمات صريحة للأفكار، وتقنيات عرض مبتكرة لمساعدة الجمهور على فهم النموذج الصيني والطريق الصيني، وتعزيز ثقتهم بمستقبل الصين.
Book
Nylons with Highly-Bright and Ultralong Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence
Endowing the widely-used synthetic polymer nylon with high-performance organic room-temperature phosphorescence would produce advanced materials with a great potential for applications in daily life and industry. One key to achieving this goal is to find a suitable organic luminophore that can access the triplet excited state with the aid of the nylon matrix by controlling the matrix-luminophore interaction. Herein we report highly-efficient room-temperature phosphorescence nylons by doping cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives into the nylon 6 matrix. These homogeneously doped materials show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes of up to 1.5 s and high phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 48.3% at the same time. The synergistic effect of the homogeneous dopant distribution via hydrogen bonding interaction, the rigid environment of the matrix polymer, and the potential energy transfer between doped luminophores and nylon is important for achieving the high-performance room-temperature phosphorescence, as supported by combined experimental and theoretical results with control compounds and various polymeric matrices. One-dimensional optical fibers are prepared from these doped room-temperature phosphorescence nylons that can transport both blue fluorescent and green afterglow photonic signals across the millimeter distance without significant optical attenuation. The potential applications of these phosphorescent materials in dual information encryption and rewritable recording are illustrated.
It may be useful to obtain nylon with room temperature phosphorescence, but identifying a suitable luminophore is challenging. Here, the authors report the doping of nylon with cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives for room temperature phosphorescent nylons.
Journal Article
Compression at Strike‐Slip Fault Is a Favorable Condition for Subduction Initiation
The recent statistics suggests that over 60% of active Cenozoic subduction initiation (SI) cases are related to the strike‐slip fault. A number of previous studies have shown that the lithospheric weak zone is a necessary condition for the SI. However, the direct effect of strike‐slip motion on lithospheric weakening and SI has rarely been investigated in numerical models due to the challenge of complex 3D boundary conditions. In this study, a new 3D model has been built with both strike‐slip and compression boundary conditions. The model results indicate that the compression at a strike‐slip boundary provides a favorable condition for the SI, with producing and maintaining a lithospheric‐scale weak zone that facilitates strain localization and SI. In addition, the high strike‐slip velocity and buoyant overriding plate contributes to the SI of young oceanic plate. This mechanism satisfies a large number of natural SI cases in the Cenozoic. Plain Language Summary Subduction zone is one of the most important elements of plate tectonics on the present Earth. How to form a new subduction zone, that is, subduction initiation (SI), is still a challenging issue in geodynamics. The lithospheric weak zone is a necessary condition for SI; otherwise, the required force for breaking the lithosphere is too high. The strike‐slip fault is a natural weak zone, and is thus a favorable place for SI. However, the strike‐slip fault is generally set as a simple weak zone in the previous models, because the strike‐slip motion itself is challenging for the numerical simulation. In this study, we have built a new 3D model with complex boundary conditions, including both strike‐slip and compression components. Based on the systematic numerical studies, we find that the compression at a strike‐slip boundary provides a favorable condition for the SI. We also find that the high strike‐slip velocity and buoyant overriding plate contributes to the SI of young oceanic plate. This mechanism satisfies and explains a large number of natural SI cases in the Cenozoic. Key Points A new 3D model has been developed with both strike‐slip and compression boundary conditions Subduction initiation (SI) prefers transpression with both compression and shear components Cenozoic SI favors strike‐slip fault with buoyant overriding plate and young subducting plate
Journal Article