Explore the vast range of titles available.

Tool wear monitoring has been increasingly important in intelligent manufacturing to increase machining efficiency. Multi-domain features can effectively characterize tool wear condition, but manual feature fusion lowers monitoring efficiency and hinders the further improvement of predicting accuracy. In order to overcome these deficiencies, a new tool wear predicting method based on multi-domain feature fusion by deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is proposed in this paper. In this method, multi-domain (including time-domain, frequency domain and time–frequency domain) features are respectively extracted from multisensory signals (e.g. three-dimensional cutting force and vibration) as health indictors of tool wear condition, then the relationship between these features and real-time tool wear is directly established based on the designed DCNN model to combine adaptive feature fusion with automatic continuous prediction. The performance of the proposed tool wear predicting method is experimentally validated by using three tool run-to-failure datasets measured from three-flute ball nose tungsten carbide cutter of high-speed CNC machine under dry milling operations. The experimental results show that the predicting accuracy of the proposed method is significantly higher than other advanced methods.

Prosocial behaviors are important indicators of positive social adjustment during adolescence in collectivistic cultures. Although parents play a central role in the process of cultural socialization, it remains unclear how culturally embedded parental goals for their children are related to adolescent prosocial development, especially in non-Western countries. Moreover, little is known about whether parenting practices serve as an underlying mechanism in linking parental goals and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. To address these issues, this two-wave longitudinal study investigated the associations between parental collectivism goals and Chinese adolescents’ prosocial behaviors, with attention to the mediating role of authoritative parenting. Two hundred and eighty-five Chinese adolescents (51% girls; mean age = 12.29 years, SD = 0.64, range = 11–14) completed measures on parental collectivism goals, parenting practices, and their own prosocial behaviors. Results showed that adolescents’ perceived parental collectivism goals positively predicted their prosocial behaviors one year later, which was partially mediated by authoritative parenting. Notably, the effects of perceived parental collectivism goals and authoritative parenting on adolescents’ later prosocial behaviors were more salient when adolescents initially showed a lower level of prosocial behaviors. The findings highlight the positive effects of parental collectivism goals in promoting adolescent prosocial development via authoritative parenting in the Chinese context, and identify the subgroup of adolescents who may derive particular benefits from this process.

The development of information technology has produced massive amounts of data, which has brought severe challenges to information storage. Traditional electronic storage media cannot keep up with the ever-increasing demand for data storage, but in its place DNA has emerged as a feasible storage medium with high density, large storage capacity and strong durability. In DNA data storage, many different approaches can be used to encode data into codewords. DNA coding is a key step in DNA storage and can directly affect storage performance and data integrity. However, since errors are prone to occur in DNA synthesis and sequencing, and non-specific hybridization is prone to occur in the solution, how to effectively encode DNA has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this article, we propose a DNA storage coding method based on the equilibrium optimization random search (EORS) algorithm, which meets the Hamming distance, GC content and no-runlength constraints and can reduce the error rate in storage. Simulation experiments have shown that the size of the DNA storage code set constructed by the EORS algorithm that meets the combination constraints has increased by an average of 11% compared with previous work. The increase in the code set means that shorter DNA chains can be used to store more data.

Background Myopia is an escalating global health issue, particularly among adolescents, and its increasing prevalence is associated with a rising burden of ocular complications that adversely affect quality of life and strain healthcare resources. Extensive evidence links prolonged near work to myopia progression, prompting the development of innovative control strategies. One promising approach is the distant-image screen (DIST), which transforms a nearby real image into a virtual one that appears much farther away, thereby reducing the accommodative stress typically induced by prolonged near work. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of DIST in delaying the onset of myopia among pre-myopic children. Methods This is a 1-year, multi-arm randomized controlled trial involving 192 children, who will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups: (1) a DIST group; (2) a Combined Intervention group, which will receive both DIST and an optical defocusing intervention; and (3) a control group, engaging in regular near work without the use of DIST. The primary objective is to assess whether the use of DIST—alone or in combination with optical defocusing—can effectively delay the onset of myopia in pre-myopic children. The primary outcome is the proportion of myopia onset, and the secondary outcomes are the proportion of fast myopia progressors, change in spherical equivalent progression, and change in axial length at each follow-up point. Discussion The study aims to determine the independent efficacy of DIST as well as its potential synergistic benefits when combined with optical defocusing techniques. In the context of increasing academic demands and near work exposure, DIST offers a space-efficient, practical solution that could alleviate visual strain without interfering with learning. By providing robust data on both refractive and ocular structural changes, the findings may inform personalized myopia prevention strategies. If successful, DIST could serve as a valuable adjunct to current myopia control methods, ultimately reducing the public health burden of myopia. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2400082078. Registered on 20 March 2024. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=221835 .

This research intends to explore the short-term impacts of PM2.5/O3 on daily death in Hefei from 2013 to 2018. Data on daily death of Hefei residents, meteorological factors, and air pollutants were collected from Jan 1, 2013, to Dec 31, 2018. The correlation between PM2.5/O3 and daily death in Hefei during the research period was studied by time series analysis. From 2013 to 2018, there were 61,683 non-accidental deaths, including 27,431 cardiovascular deaths, 5587 respiratory deaths, 20,921 malignant tumor deaths, and 1674 diabetes deaths, in Hefei. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 in Hefei were 66.18, 92.37, 39.75, 15.39, 930, and 79.08 μg m−3, respectively. An increase of 10 μg m−3 in PM2.5 was related with 0.53% (95% CI 0.31–0.75%), 0.93% (95% CI 0.60–1.26%), 0.90% and (95% CI 0.23–1.57%) increase in non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases mortality, respectively. The association between ozone and mortality was not significant. In cold seasons, PM2.5 had a stronger effect on the deaths resulting from non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The effect of O3 on deaths was not significantly different between the cold season and the warm season. Women and the elders (over 65 years) were at high risk of being affected by PM2.5/O3. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was positively correlated with increased deaths due to non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Hefei. Females and elders were more vulnerable to PM2.5/O3 exposure. No significant associations were observed between ozone and deaths from non-accidental, cardiovascular, respiratory, malignant tumors, and diabetes diseases.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) refer to neurocognitive abnormalities detected during the perioperative period, currently including postoperative delirium, delayed neurocognitive recovery, postoperative neurocognitive disorder, and both mild and major cognitive impairments. It is a prevalent complication among surgical patients, particularly in older populations. Moreover, PND can have a profound effect on the quality of life for these patients. PND has been previously reported to occur with a prevalence of 10-54% during the first few weeks following surgery, and when persistent at the time of discharge or in the longer term, PND may increase mortality. Therefore, it is of considerable importance for healthcare professionals to accurately identify the occurrence of PND and implement appropriate management measures. This research aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers concerning perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) in Shandong Province, China. This cross-sectional study recruited healthcare workers from twelve hospitals in Shandong Province, China, utilizing self-administered questionnaires distributed between February and May 2025. There are 12 items in the knowledge dimension, and the total score range for this dimension is 0 to 12 points. There are a total of seven items in the attitude dimension, and the total score range for this dimension is 7 to 35 points. There are a total of nine items in the practice dimension, and the total score range for this dimension is from 9 to 45 points. The analysis included a total of 309 valid questionnaires, which represents an impressive 87.78% response rate. Among them, a total of 193 doctors (62.5%) and 116 nurses (37.5%) participated in the survey, respectively. The PND knowledge score was 9.14 (SD = 2.85, range = 0-12). The PND attitudes score was 30.89 (SD = 3.81, range = 7-35). The PND practices score was 36.16 (SD = 7.77, range = 9-45). Furthermore, Path analysis indicated that participants' knowledge of PND among healthcare workers had a direct and positive effect on their attitudes (  = 0.545,  < 0.001) and practices towards PND (  = 0.230,  = 0.002). And attitudes towards PND also had a direct and positive effect on practices (  = 0.238,  = 0.001). In addition, the knowledge exerted an indirect effect on practice through attitudes (  = 0.581,  = 0.003). Healthcare practitioners have sufficient knowledge, and they demonstrate positive attitudes and adopt proactive approaches regarding PND. The understanding and perspectives of healthcare workers are closely linked to their actions towards PND. Educational training is pivotal in shaping their knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been found to be comorbid with obesity in adults, but the association in children is uncertain. Because the underlying mechanism of comorbidity in children has not been researched sufficiently, this study aims to explore the associations among ADHD, abnormal eating, and body mass index (BMI), as well as the mediating effect of depression in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 785 primary students in China. The parent-report version of ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHDRS-IV), the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and the Children’s Eating Attitude Test (ChEAT) were used to identify ADHD symptoms and abnormal eating. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was applied to assess depression. Structural Equation Modeling was carried out to clarify the associations between ADHD symptoms, depression, abnormal eating, and overweight of students. We found that ADHD positively contributed to emotional eating and Bulimia Nervosa symptoms. However, neither emotional eating nor Bulimia Nervosa symptoms was related to BMI in children. We also found that ADHD significantly contributed to depression, and depression directly predicted emotional eating. In conclusion, ADHD increased the risk of abnormal eating in children, while no significant relationship existed between ADHD and BMI. Comorbid depression raised the risk of emotional eating, rather than Bulimia Nervosa symptoms.

Context: β-Sitosterol (BS), the primary constituent of plants and vegetables, exhibits multiple biological effects. Objective: This study explores its effect of immune-regulation on macrophages and its potential for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy. Materials and methods: In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with 5, 25 and 50 μM BS in the M1 or M2 polarization conditions. In vivo, either i.p. injection with 20 or 50 mg/kg BS every 2 d after boost immunization of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) or adoptive transfer of 2 × 10 6 BS-treated BMDMs (BS-BMDMs) at the day before CIA were adopted in mice to test the therapeutic effect. IL-10 antibody depletion was used in the period of above treatments to discuss the underlying mechanism. Results: The phenotypes and function of BMDMs showed that 5, 25 and 50 μM BS significantly repressed the M1 polarization and augmented M2 polarization dependent upon concentration. The expression of iNOS, IL-1β, CD86 and MHCII in 25 μM BS-treated M1-polarized BMDMs was reduced by 50.2, 47.1, 87.1 and 31.3%, respectively. In contrast, the expression of arginase-1, IL-10, CD163 and CD206 in 25 μM BS-treated M2-polarized BMDMs was increased by 65.6, 107.4, 23.5 and 51.3%, respectively. In CIA mice, either i.p. injection with BS or adoptive transfer of BS-BMDMs could alleviate the symptoms of ankle swelling (vehicle group: 3.13 ± 0.102 mm; 20 mg/kg BS group: 2.64 ± 0.043 mm; 50 mg/kg BS group: 2.36 ± 0.084 mm; BMDMs group: 3.09 ± 0.174 mm; BS-BMDMs group: 2.43 ± 0.042 mm), reduce the levels of collagen-specific antibodies (IgG and IgG1, but not IgG2c, p < 0.05) and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05). Depletion of IL-10 counteracted the effect of BS treatment (α-IL-10 vs. RatIgG1, p < 0.01 on day 16), highlighting the role of IL-10 in the anti-inflammatory response. Conclusions: These results suggested that BS could modulate the functions of macrophages and might be a promising agent for RA therapy.

Exercise has profound but variable effects on the immune system. However, only limited information exists about the changes of exercise-induced gene expression in whole immune cells. The aim of this study is to unravel the potential molecular changes of genes which are related to immunity after exercise. The raw expression data and corresponding clinical of GSE18966 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes between control group and treat groups were performed by in-house developed perl scripts. A total of 83 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2 FC|> 1, FDR < 0.05) were identified between control and treat group 1 (0 h after exercise), 128 DEGs (|log2 FC|> 1, FDR < 0.05) between control and treat group 2 (4 h after exercise), and there was no significant difference between control and treat group 3 (20 h after exercise). Next, we identified 51 overlapping genes between treat group 1 (0 h after exercise) and treat group 2 (4 h after exercise) using Venn analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2, and nine hub genes (S100A12, FCGR3B, FPR1, VNN2, AQP9, MMP9, OSM, NCF4, HP) were identified. Finally, 9 hub genes were identified as the potential biomarkers of exercise using validation set (GSE83578) verification analysis. These hub genes might serve as potential molecular targets of monitoring exercise and training processes in the further.

Background: Evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could be delivered efficiently to recipient cells using exosomes as a carrier. Additionally, long ncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is emerging as a vital regulatory molecule in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to identify the NEAT1/miR-144-3p/Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) functional network regulating the WNT signaling pathway in RA. Methods: In vivo, a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was established to analyze the effects of blood exosomes on the incidence, clinical score, and bone degradation of RA. In vitro, the CD4+T cells were characterized by flow cytometry and the cell activities were analyzed in the presence of exosome treatment alone or in combination with altered expression of NEAT1, miR-144-3p or Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2). The expression of NEAT1, miR-144-3p, ROCK2, and corresponding proteins in the WNT signaling pathway was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot techniques. The binding profile of NEAT1 to miR-144-3p was evaluated via a combination approach of luciferase activity assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down experiments. Results: Blood exosomes extracted from RA patients increased the incidence of RA and bone destruction significantly. Overexpression of NEAT1 or ROCK2 promoted immune cell (CD4+T cells) proliferation, Th17 cell differentiation, and cell migration in response to stimulus, whereas knockout of the NEAT1 gene induced the expression of miR-144-3p in CD4+T cells. ROCK2 exogenous expression inhibited the expression of miR-144-3p, inducing activation of the WNT signaling pathway. Conclusion: A novel regulatory pathway NEAT1/miR-144-3p/ROCK2/WNT in RA was investigated as a potential target for RA therapy.