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IntroductionRecent studies have indicated the potential of stem cell therapy in combination with cytokines to restore the bone repair via migration and homing of stem cells to the defected area. The present study aimed to investigate the mobilization and recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in response to SDF-1.Materials and MethodsHerein, the knockout rat model of the bone defect (BD) was treated with the induced membrane technique. Then, wild type Wistar rats and SDF-1-knockout rats were selected for the establishment of BD-induced membrane (BD-IM) models and bone-graft (BG) models. The number of MSCs was evaluated by flow cytometry, along with the expression pattern of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis as well as osteogenic factors was identified by RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses. Finally, the MSC migration ability was assessed by the Transwell assay.ResultsOur data illustrated that in the induced membrane tissues, the number of MSCs among the BD-IM modeled rats was increased, whereas, a lower number was documented among BG modeled rats. Besides, we found that lentivirus-mediated over-expression of SDF-1 in BG modeled rats could activate the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis, mobilize MSCs into the defect area, and up-regulate the osteogenic proteins.ConclusionsCollectively, our study speculated that up-regulation of SDF-1 promotes the mobilization and migration of MSCs through the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signal pathway.

Climate adaptation policies have received attention in major due to the dual challenges of external factors like global warming, and internal factors related to the transition from rapid urbanization to sustainable development. However, previous research on heat or climate mitigation has often focused on external factors, neglecting the internal factors throughout the process of urban development and planning history. Research has revealed that city center where urban heat island phenomena is prominent, are subjected to external factors of intense heat exposure, as well as deeply influenced by the internal factors “urban development legacy.” An increasing body of research note that the inequitable legacy from urban development could impact environmental equity outcomes of cities. Based on this, we argue that urban heat mitigation research should adopt the perspective of the urban development process. We then utilize the Heat Mitigation Framework to examine the tangible outcomes of environmental equity over an extended period of urban development. This study focuses on the Charlotte city center that have undergone multiple processes of redlining policies and rapid urbanization, using a research framework for environmental equity-oriented urban heat management to examine whether a series of heat mitigation policies have effectively reduced heat exposure and whether they have truly benefited heat-vulnerable groups. Based on 20 years of multi-source heat exposure and urban spatial data, this paper provides evidence of ongoing enhancements to the heat exposure environment in the Charlotte city center. However, despite these improvements, heat vulnerable group that are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of heat exposure did not experience commensurate benefits. The conclusion of this article validates the ongoing trends of global sustainable studies in nature-based solutions and social-ecological systems, highlighting the issue of environmental equity evaluation.

This study experimentally investigates the combustion behavior of RP-3 aviation kerosene pool fires (300~800 mm) within a confined space, specifically focusing on the complex interaction between buoyancy-driven plumes and mechanical negative pressure ventilation. By integrating high-precision mass loss measurements with multiple characteristic parameters, this research uniquely characterizes the transition of energy feedback mechanisms under confined suction flow. Results show that ventilation enhances combustion intensity and compresses the fire cycle. For an 800 mm pool, the peak mass loss rate rose by 57.1%, from 16.71 g/s to 26.25 g/s. This enhancement stems from boundary layer thinning, which transitions the combustion from diffusion-controlled to kinetics-controlled. Ventilation also induces severe flame tilt with a non-monotonic trend. The tilt angle peaks at 84° for 600 mm pools but drops to 64° at 800 mm as buoyancy momentum increases. Additionally, an energy contrast of vertical cooling and horizontal heating was observed. Axial peak temperatures decreased by 20%, while downwind thermal radiation flux increased by up to 125%. The ventilation system essentially acts as a directional energy projector, shifting heat loads toward the downwind region. These findings support the optimization of fire safety and detection designs for industrial ventilation systems. This study experimentally investigates the combustion behavior of RP-3 aviation kerosene pool fires (300–800 mm) within a confined space, specifically focusing on the complex interaction between buoyancy-driven plumes and mechanical negative pressure ventilation. By integrating high-precision mass loss measurements with multi-point thermal and imaging diagnostics, this research uniquely characterizes the transition of energy feedback mechanisms under confined suction flow.

As critical materials in nuclear fuel reprocessing, kerosene and Tributyl phosphate are utilized in high‐temperature, negative‐pressure phases of reprocessing plant processes. The explosive limits of the mixture of Tributyl phosphate and kerosene are significantly influenced by the neighboring environment, which poses an explosion risk. At present, there is a lack of research in this field. This study utilizes an enhanced explosion limit testing system to examine the explosion limits and overpressure peak of mixed gases consisting of Tributyl phosphate and kerosene, with initial pressures varying from 100 to 70 kPa under elevated temperature conditions (120°C), thereby analyzing their combustion and explosion properties. According to the findings, the combined gases’ lower explosive limits are 7%, 5%, 3%, and 1% at 100–70 kPa (Δp = 10 kPa), while their upper explosive limits are 20%, 17%, 12%, and 10%, respectively. The explosive limits of a mixed gas constrict as the initial pressure falls, causing the gas concentration at the maximum overpressure produced by the explosion to migrate toward the upper explosive limit. In the same pressure drop range (Δp = 10 kPa), the sensitivity of the upper explosion limit surpasses that of the lower explosion limit; however, the maximum overpressure peak of the combination diminishes. The maximum overpressure peak diminishes most swiftly within the 90–80 kPa pressure range, exhibiting a decrease of 20.27%. The explosion hazard of TBP and kerosene mixed vapor in the nuclear fuel reprocessing process is studied. The results enrich the explosion characteristics and explosion limits of TBP‐kerosene, and provide reference value and basis for the safety setting of the operation process and operating environment of nuclear fuel reprocessing plants

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) can initiate lung inflammation by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but they participate actively in the prevention of inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is mainly expressed in AMs and has anti-inflammatory properties in ALI, but the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of HO-1 are largely unknown. In this study, AMs were treated with saline, LPS (1 μg/ml), hemin (10 μM), zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP; 10 μM, 1 h prior to LPS and hemin), SB203580 (10 μM, 1 h prior to LPS and hemin), or their combination up to 24 h. The specific HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP and SB203580 were used to inhibit the effects of HO-1 and the phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), respectively. The protein levels of HO-1 and p38 MAPK were analyzed by western blotting; arginase activity was measured in lysates obtained from cultured cells; nitric oxide production in the extracellular medium of AMs cultured for 24 h was monitored by assessing nitrite levels; the phagocytic ability of macrophage was measured by neutral red uptake. IL-10 of culture supernatants in AMs was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that HO-1 induced by hemin increased arginase activity and phagocytic ability and decreased iNOS activity via p38 MAPK pathway in primary rat AMs. These changes and p38 MAPK may be the anti-inflammatory mechanism of HO-1 induced by hemin in primary rat AMs.

This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of genetic mutations, particularly in the NOTCH2 and TNFAIP3 genes, on the prognostic outcomes of Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) patients. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were explored up to October 2023. A total of 11 studies encompassing 2,314 records were included. Outcome measures were 5-year overall survival rates (OSR), progression-free survival rates (PFSR), and tumor progression rates (TPR). NOTCH2 and TNFAIP3 mutations were prominently identified across studies. In splenic MZL (SMZL) patients with NOTCH2 mutations, there was a significant decrease in the 5-year OSR (SMD: -11.11, 95% CI: -13.39 to -8.84, P  < 0.01) and PFSR (SMD: -23.49, 95% CI: -28.85 to -18.14, P  < 0.01). Similarly, TNFAIP3 mutations in SMZL patients demonstrated diminished 5-year OSR (SMD: -14.78, 95% CI: -18.01 to -11.56, P  < 0.01) and PFSR (SMD: -21.06, 95% CI: -27.13 to -14.98, P  < 0.01). For ocular adnexal MZL (OA-MZL) patients with NOTCH2 mutations, the 5-year OSR significantly declined (SMD: -23.40, 95% CI: -28.87 to -17.93, P  < 0.01). Genetic mutations, notably in NOTCH2 and TNFAIP3 genes, have discernable negative implications on the prognosis of MZL patients. Recognizing these genetic markers can guide more personalized therapeutic interventions and inform clinical prognosis.

It has been widely acknowledged that air pollution has a considerable adverse impact on people’s health. Disadvantaged groups such as low-income people are often found to experience greater negative effects of environmental pollution. Thus, improving the accuracy of air pollution exposure assessment might be essential to policy-making. Recently, the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) has been identified as a specific form of possible bias when assessing individual exposure to air pollution and its health impacts. In this paper, we assessed the real-time air pollution exposure and residential-based exposure of 106 participants in a high-pollution community in Beijing, China. The study found that: (1) there are significant differences between the two assessments; (2) most participants experienced the NEAP and could lower their exposure by their daily mobility; (3) three vulnerable groups with low daily mobility and could not avoid the high pollution in their residential neighborhoods were identified as exceptions to this: low-income people who have low levels of daily mobility and limited travel outside their residential neighborhoods, blue-collar workers who spend long hours at low-end workplaces, and elderly people who face many household constraints. Public policies thus need to focus on the hidden environmental injustice revealed by the NEAP in order to improve the well-being of these environmentally vulnerable groups.

Effects of CDK6 regulated by miR-298 on proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells were explored. Seventy-five cases of thyroid carcinoma and adjacent tissues were collected. The expression levels of miR-298 and CDK6 mRNA in tissues and cells were detected by RT-PCR. In addition, thyroid cancer cells and human normal thyroid cells Nthy-ori3-1 were purchased, with the former transfected with miR-298-mimics, miR-298-inhibitor, miR-NC, si-CDK6, si-NC, Sh-CDK6, Sh-NC to build cell models. Then the expression levels of miR-298 and CDK6 in thyroid cancer tissues and cells were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression of CDK6, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 by WB. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, and dual luciferase report was adopted to determine the relationship between miR-298 and CDK6. miR-298 was underexpressed in thyroid cancer, and CDK6 was highly expressed in thyroid cancer. Cell experiments revealed that overexpression of miR-298 or inhibition of CDK6 expression could suppress cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and significantly increase the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 proteins, decrease Bcl-2 protein expression, which was contrary to the biological phenotype of cells after inhibition of miR-298 or further overexpression of CDK6. Dual luciferase report confirmed that miR-298 was a targeting site of CDK6. miR-298 can inhibit the proliferation of thyroid cells and promote apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by regulating the expression of CDK6, which is expected to be a potential target for clinical application.

A simplex method of orbit determination （SMOD） is presented to solve the problem of orbit determination for maneuvering satellites subject to small and continuous thrust. The objective function is established as the sum of the nth powers of the observation errors based on global positioning satellite （GPS） data. The convergence behavior of the proposed method is analyzed using a range of initial orbital parameter errors and n values to ensure the rapid and accurate convergence of the SMOD. For an uncontrolled satellite, the orbit obtained by the SMOD provides a position error compared with GPS data that is commensurate with that obtained by the least squares technique. For low Earth orbit satellite control, the precision of the acceleration produced by a small pulse thrust is less than 0.1% compared with the calibrated value. The orbit obtained by the SMOD is also compared with weak GPS data for a geostationary Earth orbit satellite over several days. The results show that the position accuracy is within 12.0 m. The working efficiency of the electric propulsion is about 67% compared with the designed value. The analyses provide the guidance for subsequent satellite control. The method is suitable for orbit determination of maneuvering satellites subject to small and continuous thrust.

Absolute geomagnetic measurement is very important at geomagnetic observatories. It plays a decisive role in data quality control and instrument calibration. As absolute geomagnetic measurements from modern fluxgate theodolite instruments have high precision, usually within 1 arcsec, the measurement results are susceptible to external factors. The operator difference is one of these factors and has become an important consideration that can not be ignored with respect to measurement results. Therefore, an experiment was designed in order to estimate the operator difference. Six fluxgate theodolites were used and six observers who were proficient in absolute measurements were invited to participate. The observers took turns making absolute geomagnetic measurements, and the operator difference between the observers for each instrument was computed by comparing baseline values using statistical methods.