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"Li Zhang"
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Features extraction based on Naive Bayes algorithm and TF-IDF for news classification
The rapid proliferation of online news demands robust automated classification systems to enhance information organization and personalized recommendation. Although traditional methods like TF-IDF with Naive Bayes provide foundational solutions, their limitations in capturing semantic nuances and handling real-time demands hinder practical applications. This study proposes a hybrid news classification framework that integrates classical machine learning with modern advances in NLP to address these challenges. Our methodology introduces three key innovations: (1) Domain-Specific Feature Engineering, combining tailored n-grams and entity-aware TF-IDF weighting to amplify discriminative terms; (2) BERT-Guided Feature Selection, leveraging distilled BERT to identify contextually important words and resolve rare-term ambiguities; and (3) Computationally Efficient Deployment, achieving 95.2% of the accuracy of BERT at 1/52.4th of the inference cost. Evaluated on a balanced corpus of Sina News articles in 11 categories, the system demonstrates a test precision of 95.12% (vs. 84.43% for SVM+TF-IDF baseline), with statistically significant improvements confirmed by 5-fold cross-validation( p < 0.01). The critical findings reveal strong performance in distinguishing semantically distinct categories, while exposing challenges in fine-grained differentiation. The efficiency of the framework (2.1 inference latency) and scalability (linear utilization of CPU resources) validate its practicality for real-world deployment. This work bridges the gap between traditional feature engineering and transformer-based models, offering a cost-effective solution for news platforms. Future research will explore hierarchical classification and the adaptation of dynamic topics to further refine semantic boundaries.
Journal Article
A phase 1, open-label study of LCAR-B38M, a chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy directed against B cell maturation antigen, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Background
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated proven efficacy in some hematologic cancers. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of LCAR-B38M, a dual epitope-binding CAR T cell therapy directed against 2 distinct B cell maturation antigen epitopes, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).
Methods
This ongoing phase 1, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study enrolled patients (18 to 80 years) with R/R MM. Lymphodepletion was performed using cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m
2
. LCAR-B38M CAR T cells (median CAR+ T cells, 0.5 × 10
6
cells/kg [range, 0.07 to 2.1 × 10
6
]) were infused in 3 separate infusions. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of LCAR-B38M CAR T cells; the secondary objective is to evaluate the antimyeloma response of the treatment based on the general guidelines of the International Myeloma Working Group.
Results
At data cutoff, 57 patients had received LCAR-B38M CAR T cells. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 37/57 patients (65%); most common were leukopenia (17/57; 30%), thrombocytopenia (13/57; 23%), and aspartate aminotransferase increased (12/57; 21%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 51/57 patients (90%); 4/57 (7%) had grade ≥ 3 cases. One patient reported neurotoxicity of grade 1 aphasia, agitation, and seizure-like activity. The overall response rate was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76 to 95); 39/57 patients (68%) achieved a complete response, 3/57 (5%) achieved a very good partial response, and 8/57 (14%) achieved a partial response. Minimal residual disease was negative for 36/57 (63%) patients. The median time to response was 1 month (range, 0.4 to 3.5). At a median follow-up of 8 months, median progression-free survival was 15 months (95% CI, 11 to not estimable). Median overall survival for all patients was not reached.
Conclusions
LCAR-B38M CAR T cell therapy displayed a manageable safety profile and demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with R/R MM.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov
,
NCT03090659
; Registered on March 27, 2017, retrospectively registered
Journal Article
Genetic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Jie He and colleagues report exome sequencing of 113 tumor-normal pairs of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. They highlight mutations in genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation, histone modifier genes and genes encoding members of the Hippo and Notch pathways.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers
1
. We performed exome sequencing on 113 tumor-normal pairs, yielding a mean of 82 non-silent mutations per tumor, and 8 cell lines. The mutational profile of ESCC closely resembles those of squamous cell carcinomas of other tissues but differs from that of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation were mutated in 99% of cases by somatic alterations of
TP53
(93%),
CCND1
(33%),
CDKN2A
(20%),
NFE2L2
(10%) and
RB1
(9%). Histone modifier genes were frequently mutated, including
KMT2D
(also called
MLL2
; 19%),
KMT2C
(
MLL3
; 6%),
KDM6A
(7%),
EP300
(10%) and
CREBBP
(6%).
EP300
mutations were associated with poor survival. The Hippo and Notch pathways were dysregulated by mutations in
FAT1
,
FAT2
,
FAT3
or
FAT4
(27%) or
AJUBA
(
JUB
; 7%) and
NOTCH1
,
NOTCH2
or
NOTCH3
(22%) or
FBXW7
(5%), respectively. These results define the mutational landscape of ESCC and highlight mutations in epigenetic modulators with prognostic and potentially therapeutic implications.
Journal Article
حوكمة الصين في التنمية الخضراء
إن رؤية شي جين بينغ تؤكد أن الطبيعة بما فيها من غابات وأنهار وجداول وجبال وحيوانات ثروة لا تدانيها أية ثروة أخرى. لذلك، يجب الحفاظ عليها من خلال خطة ابتكارية توفق بين متطلبات الصناعة الحديثة ومتطلبات الحفاظ على البيئة، وتركز على وضع قوانين تمنع من أن تمتد يد العبث إليها. إن شي جين بينغ يركز على أهمية الابتكار في كل شيء، ولا سيما في تحقيق الازدهار البيئي في الصين وفي العالم كله، وبناء ما سماه ب «مجتمع المصير المشترك للبشرية.
Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin
Cross-species transmission of viruses from wildlife animal reservoirs poses a marked threat to human and animal health
1
. Bats have been recognized as one of the most important reservoirs for emerging viruses and the transmission of a coronavirus that originated in bats to humans via intermediate hosts was responsible for the high-impact emerging zoonosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
–
10
. Here we provide virological, epidemiological, evolutionary and experimental evidence that a novel HKU2-related bat coronavirus, swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), is the aetiological agent that was responsible for a large-scale outbreak of fatal disease in pigs in China that has caused the death of 24,693 piglets across four farms. Notably, the outbreak began in Guangdong province in the vicinity of the origin of the SARS pandemic. Furthermore, we identified SADS-related CoVs with 96–98% sequence identity in 9.8% (58 out of 591) of anal swabs collected from bats in Guangdong province during 2013–2016, predominantly in horseshoe bats (
Rhinolophus
spp.) that are known reservoirs of SARS-related CoVs. We found that there were striking similarities between the SADS and SARS outbreaks in geographical, temporal, ecological and aetiological settings. This study highlights the importance of identifying coronavirus diversity and distribution in bats to mitigate future outbreaks that could threaten livestock, public health and economic growth.
Analysis of viral samples from deceased piglets shows that a bat coronavirus was responsible for an outbreak of fatal disease in China and highlights the importance of the identification of coronavirus diversity and distribution in bats in order to mitigate future outbreaks of disease.
Journal Article
Electricity generation using wind power
\"Is wind power the answer to our energy supply problems? Is there enough wind for everyone? Is offshore generation better than onshore generation? Can a roof-mounted wind turbine generate enough electricity to supply a typical domestic household? Electricity Generation Using Wind Power (2nd Edition) answers these pressing questions through its detailed coverage of the different types of electrical generator machines used, as well as the power electronic converter technologies and control principles employed. Also covered is the integration of wind farms into established electricity grid systems, plus environmental and economic aspects of wind generation. Written for technically minded readers, especially electrical engineers concerned with the possible use of wind power for generating electricity, it incorporates some global meteorological and geographical features of wind supply plus a survey of past and present wind turbines. Included is a technical assessment of the choice of turbine sites. The principles and analysis of wind power conversion, transmission and efficiency evaluation are described. This book includes worked numerical examples in some chapters, plus end of chapter problems and review questions, with answers.\" -- Publisher's description
BOOK
A CRISPR-Cas12a-derived biosensing platform for the highly sensitive detection of diverse small molecules
Besides genome editing, CRISPR-Cas12a has recently been used for DNA detection applications with attomolar sensitivity but, to our knowledge, it has not been used for the detection of small molecules. Bacterial allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) have evolved to sense and respond sensitively to a variety of small molecules to benefit bacterial survival. By combining the single-stranded DNA cleavage ability of CRISPR-Cas12a and the competitive binding activities of aTFs for small molecules and double-stranded DNA, here we develop a simple, supersensitive, fast and high-throughput platform for the detection of small molecules, designated CaT-SMelor (
C
RISPR-Cas12a- and
aT
F-mediated
s
mall
m
ol
e
cu
l
e detect
or
). CaT-SMelor is successfully evaluated by detecting nanomolar levels of various small molecules, including uric acid and
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid among their structurally similar analogues. We also demonstrate that our CaT-SMelor directly measured the uric acid concentration in clinical human blood samples, indicating a great potential of CaT-SMelor in the detection of small molecules.
Bacterial allosteric transcription factors can sense and respond to a variety of small molecules. Here the authors present CaT-SMelor which uses Cas12a and allosteric transcription factors to detect small molecules in the nanomolar range.
Journal Article