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Chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the primary cause of skin photoaging, leading to wrinkles, pigmentation changes, and loss of dermal elasticity. This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of topical compounds for treating skin photoaging. A comprehensive search identified 23 RCTs with 3905 participants, comparing anti-aging agents. Bayesian network meta-analysis showed isotretinoin, retinol, and tretinoin significantly improved fine wrinkles, with isotretinoin ranked highest. Tazarotene was most effective for coarse wrinkles, while glycolic acid reduced roughness. Tretinoin and retinol were superior for hyperpigmentation. Safety analysis indicated tretinoin had the most favorable profile, whereas tazarotene and glycolic acid had higher adverse event risks. Isotretinoin and tretinoin emerged as the most balanced treatments across efficacy and safety. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making in anti-photoaging therapy and underscore the potential for these agents to be integrated into routine dermatologic practice, particularly for patients seeking effective and well-tolerated topical interventions. However, limitations included limited racial diversity, potential commercial bias, and variability in dermatological assessments. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making in anti-photoaging therapy.

The development of intelligent transportation technology has provided a significant impetus for autonomous driving technology. Currently, autonomous vehicles based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) employ motion control strategies based on sampling time, which fail to fully utilize the spatial information of obstacles. To address this issue, this paper proposes a dual-layer MPC vehicle collision-free trajectory tracking control strategy that integrates spatial kinematics and vehicle dynamics. To fully utilize the spatial information of obstacles, we designed a vehicle model based on spatial kinematics, enabling the upper-layer MPC to plan collision avoidance trajectories based on distance sampling. To improve the accuracy and safety of trajectory tracking, we designed an 8-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamic model. This allows the lower-layer MPC to consider lateral stability and roll stability during trajectory tracking. In collision avoidance trajectory tracking experiments using three scenarios, compared to two advanced time-based algorithms, the trajectories planned by the proposed algorithm in this paper exhibited predictability. The proposed algorithm can initiate collision avoidance at predetermined positions and can avoid collisions in predetermined directions, with all state variables within safe ranges. In terms of time efficiency, it also outperformed the comparative algorithms.