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"Liang, Na"
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التخفيف من حدة الفقر في الصين المعاصرة
استنادا إلى نظرة عامة على أوضاع الفقر، يقدم هذا الكتاب مسار التخفيف من حدة الفقر والتنمية في الصين، ويشرح نموذج التنمية والتخفي من حدة الفقر بخصائص صينية والتمسك بمباديء (سيطرة الحكومة ومشاركة المجتمع والاعتماد على الذات والتنمية الموجهة والتنمية الشاملة) كما يقدم الكتاب تلخيصا شاملا لإنجازات الصين العظيمة وخبراتها الهامة وإسهاماتها الرئيسية في قضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم، ويعرض بإيجاز نظرات وممارسات التخفيف المستهدف من الفقر في العصر الجديد من أجل توفير مراجع لكسب المعركة ضد الفقر في الصين وقضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم.
Book
Optimization design of interior space based on the two-stage deep learning network and Single sample-driven method
This study addresses the limitations of traditional interior space design, particularly the timeliness and uniqueness of solutions, by proposing an optimized design framework that integrates a two-stage deep learning network with a single-sample-driven mechanism. In the first stage, the framework employs a Transformer network to extract multi-dimensional features (such as spatial layout, color distribution, furniture style, etc.) from input space images, generating an initial feature vector. In the second stage, a diffusion model is introduced to iteratively optimize the design results based on user-provided single-sample features. The model’s performance is validated using multiple publicly available datasets, including InteriorNet, SUN RGB-D, NYU Depth V2, and ScanNet. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to traditional methods, the design cycle is reduced by 40%, space utilization is increased by 25%, and proportional and scale coordination is improved by 20%. The single-sample-driven personalized design strategy results in a 30% significant improvement in color matching scores. Through the synergistic effect of feature extraction and generative optimization, the two-stage network enhances both design efficiency and the innovativeness and user adaptability of the solution. This study not only offers an efficient and intelligent solution for interior space design but also presents a new technological paradigm for the advancement of artificial intelligence-driven design fields.
Journal Article
Upregulation of interferon-γ activation in patients with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies immunodeficiency syndrome: insights from single-cell analysis
Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) immunodeficiency syndrome is an emerging adult-onset immunodeficiency causing opportunistic infections. However, its comprehensive immune landscape remains elusive. This study presents the first single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of AIGAs immunodeficiency syndrome, aiming to delineate its pathogenic mechanisms.
We performed scRNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 8 AIGAs immunodeficiency syndrome patients (4 infective, 4 stable phase) and 3 healthy controls. Findings were validated by flow cytometry in an expanded cohort (15 patients vs. 10 controls).
Single-cell RNA sequencing of PBMCs from patients with AIGAs immunodeficiency syndrome identified a comprehensive immune subset profile, including effector memory CD4
T cells, naive CD4
T cells, regulatory T cells, GNLY
CD8
Tem, GZMK
CD8
Tem, naive CD8
T cells, naive B cells, memory B cells, plasma cells, ISG
atypical B cells, monocytes, and NKT cells. ScRNA-seq analysis revealed a significantly higher proportion of Th1 cells (16.62% vs. 6.94% in controls) and ISG
B cells (2.95% vs. 0.53%), alongside a lower proportion of plasma cells (9.30% vs. 17.79%) and memory B cells (9.54% vs. 27.35%). Flow cytometry consistently confirmed the increase in Th1 cells (21.84% [14.87-27.57] vs. 11.96% [7.19-15.74]) and decreases in marginal zone B cells (2.87% [1.71-4.45] vs. 8.60% [6.77-15.65]), memory B cells (13.85% [5.72-20.23] vs. 22.96% [16.39-33.83]), and class-switched B cells (6.11% [2.39-9.10] vs. 10.18% [5.35-15.77]). Transcriptome analysis demonstrated upregulated expression of interferon-response and HLA genes (e.g., HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB1), whereas IRF1 was downregulated across all subsets; functional enrichment analyses further highlighted significant activation in IFN signaling and B cell activation pathways. CellChat and pseudotime analyses indicated that CD4
Tem and CD14
monocytes drive sustained Th1 inflammation and monocyte hyperactivation through enhanced pro-inflammatory and antigen-presenting interactions, with T-cell differentiation skewed toward terminal effectors and B-cell development disrupted by ISG
B cell emergence, premature plasma cell formation, and IGLC3-biased class switching, collectively delineating the interferon-mediated immunopathology of AIGAs immunodeficiency syndrome.
In summary, this first single-cell atlas maps AIGAs immunodeficiency syndrome as a Th1-skewed, IFN-γ-driven disorder sustained by CD4
Tem-CD14
monocyte crosstalk. It combines T-cell activation, expanded Th1 and ISG
B cells, and loss of memory/plasma B cells to drive autoantibody generation. Skewed T- and B-cell trajectories and polygenic up-regulation of interferon/HLA genes provide a clear mechanistic rationale for targeted therapy.
Journal Article
A New HPLC-UV Method Using Hydrolyzation with Sodium Hydroxide for Quantitation of Trans-p-Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Total Trans-p-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Esters in the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum
Trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid and its esters in the leaves of Ligustrum robustum might be a new resource to prevent diabetes and its complications. In the present study, a new HPLC-UV method using hydrolyzation with sodium hydroxide for quantitation of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid and total trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid esters in the leaves of L. robustum was developed, since it was difficult and troublesome to analyze no less than 34 trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid esters by usual HPLC. The extract of L. robustum was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide at 80 °C for 2 h, and then, hydrochloride was added. HPLC analysis was performed in reverse phase mode using a C-18 column, eluting with methanol-0.1% acetic acid aqueous solution (40:60, v/v) in isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min−1 and detecting at 310 nm. The linear range for trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid was 11.0–352.0 μg·mL−1 (r2 = 1.000). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 2.00 and 6.07 μg·mL−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day variabilities for trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid were less than 2%. The percentage recovery of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid was 103.3% ± 1.1%. It is the first HPLC method using hydrolyzation for quantification of many carboxylic esters. Finally, the method was used successfully to determine trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid and total trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid esters in various extracts of the leaves of L. robustum. The 60–70% ethanol extracts of L. robustum showed the highest contents of free trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (3.96–3.99 mg·g−1), and the 50–80% ethanol extracts of L. robustum displayed the highest contents of total trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid esters (202.6–210.6 mg·g−1). The method can be applied also to the quality control of the products of L. robustum.
Journal Article
Divergent impacts of glycemic control on mortality and complications in patients with early-versus late-onset type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
To investigate whether optimal glycemic control is associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, diabetes-related mortality, cancer-related mortality, and complications among individuals with early-onset and late-onset T2D.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the U.S. National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES)1999-2818. Optimal glycemic control was defined as HbA1c<7%, and poor glycemic control as HbA1c≥9%. Mortality and underlying causes of death were ascertained by linkage to national death records through 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between HbA1c levels and mortality. Logistic regression models with the same covariates were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for complications, supplemented by sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of the findings.
Among the 5946 participants with diabetes, 18.8% were classified as having early-onset T2D (aged < 40 years), 28.7% as having late-onset T2D (aged ≤ 60 years), and 52.5% had average-onset T2D. For individuals with early-onset T2D, the poorly controlled group (HbA1c≥9%) had HRs of 2.00 (95% CI, 1.30-3.09; P = 0.002) for all-cause mortality and 10.04 (95% CI, 2.57-39.32; P = 0.001) for diabetes-related mortality versus the optimal controlled group (HbA1c<7%). The poorly controlled group had odds of 1.80 (95% CI, 1.10-2.94; P = 0.022) for retinopathy and 2.54 (95% CI, 1.65-3.92; P < 0.001) for chronic kidney disease (CKD) versus the optimal controlled group. For individuals with late-onset T2D, the HRs were 0.87 (HR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.54-1.40; P = 0.561) for all-cause mortality and 1.24 (95% CI, 0.33-4.67; P = 0.751) for diabetes-related mortality compared with the optimal controlled group. The poorly controlled group had odds of 2.12 (95% CI, 1.32-3.41; P = 0.002) for retinopathy and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.45-3.63; P = 0.001) for CKD versus the optimal controlled group.
Optimal glycemic control was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, diabetes-related mortality, retinopathy, and CKD in individuals with early-onset T2D; however, in individuals with late-onset T2D, this correlation was limited to lower risks of retinopathy and CKD. These findings suggest that glycemic control strategies should be tailored on the basis of the age of diabetes onset.
Journal Article
Study on the deformation characteristics of diaphragm walls in deep excavations within the Ningbo soft soil region
In soft soil environments, deep foundation pit excavation often leads to significant surface settlement, lateral displacement of support structures, and uneven settlement of surrounding buildings due to the complex geotechnical conditions and the inherent characteristics of soft soil, such as high compressibility and low shear strength. This study systematically analyzes 23 deep foundation pit excavation cases from Ningbo city, located in a silty clay region, to examine the deformation behavior during excavation. The research focuses on the impact of key factors such as excavation depth, pit dimensions, support structure parameters, and soil characteristics on the deformation of diaphragm walls. The results show that the maximum lateral displacement of diaphragm walls ranges from 0.09 to 0.84% of the excavation depth, with an average value of 0.36%. Deeper excavations lead to greater lateral deformation due to increased soil pressure and pore water pressure, with the maximum displacement typically occurring at 1.0–1.3 times the excavation depth. Soft soil thickness significantly amplifies wall deformation, with the displacement ratio increasing linearly with the ratio of soft soil thickness to wall depth. Increased wall stiffness, embedment depth, and support system stiffness effectively reduce lateral displacement. These findings provide a quantitative basis for optimizing diaphragm wall design and support systems to mitigate deformation risks, offering valuable guidance for deep foundation pits in similar soft soil environments.
Journal Article
Interleukin-6: A Novel Target for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases
Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease is a collective term for cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease, being a serious threat to human health. A growing number of studies have proved that the content of inflammatory factors or mediators determines the stability of vascular plaque and the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular event, and involves in the process of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases. Interleukin-6 is a widely used cytokine that causes inflammation and oxidative stress, which would further result in cardiac and cerebral injury. The increased expression of interleukin-6 is closely related to atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure and ischemic stroke. It is a key risk factor for these diseases by triggering inflammatory reaction and inducing other molecules release. Therefore, interleukin-6 may become a potential target for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in the future. This paper is aimed to discuss the expression changes and pathological mechanisms of interleukin-6 in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, and to provide a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases.
Journal Article
The hypoperfusion intensity ratio associates with APOE gene polymorphism in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion
Determine whether APOE gene polymorphism is associated with hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Continuously reviewed hospitalized LVO-AIS patients. According to whether the patients carried APOE allele ε 4, they were divided into 2 groups: ε4 carriers and non-ε4 carriers. CTP assessed HIR and infarct core (IC) volume. Good collaterals were defined as HIR < 0.4 and poor collaterals were defined as HIR ≥ 0.4. The patients were divided into two groups based on their HIR value: the HIR < 0.4 group and the HIR ≥ 0.4 group. IC volume was a rCBF < 40% volume. NIHSS at admission assessed stroke severity. A total of 101 patients with LVO-AIS were enrolled, including 82 patients with HIR < 0.4 and 19 patients with HIR ≥ 0.4. Among the patients with HIR < 0.4, 10 were ε4 carriers (12.20%), while among those with HIR ≥ 0.4, 8 were ε4 carriers (42.11%). The proportion of ε4 carriers was significantly higher in the HIR ≥ 0.4 patients group (
P
= 0.006). In all enrolled patients, there were 83 non-ε4 carriers and 18 ε4 carriers. The IC volume in ε4 carriers was significantly higher than that in non-ε4 carriers (
P
= 0.003). The NIHSS score in ε4 carriers was significantly higher than that in non-ε4 carriers (
P
= 0.004). Binary logistic regression showed that APOE ε4 was an independent risk factor for poor collaterals (OR = 6.00, 95%CI: 1.80, 20.02,
P
= 0.004). Multiple linear regression showed HIR had a significant positive effect on IC volume (B = 167.70,
P
< 0.001) and NIHSS score (B = 8.53,
P
= 0.014). APOE ε4 is an independent risk factor for poor collaterals.
Journal Article
Influence of dietary protein on serum phosphorous levels in peritoneal dialysis patients with different initial transport function
This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of dietary protein intake (DPI) on serum phosphate levels in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and determined the DPI cutoff required to prevent hyperphosphatemia.
A total of 504 PD patients were categorized into fast (4 h dialysate/plasma [D/P] creatinine clearance ≥0.65) or slow (<0.65) peritoneal transporters. Serum phosphorus and peritoneal solute clearance were compared between the groups with different DPI.
The fast peritoneal transporters (n = 233) were older, had lower serum albumin and phosphorus levels, and had higher peritoneal phosphorus clearance (all p < 0.001). Among the slow transporters (n = 271), serum phosphorus levels were significantly higher among patients with DPI > 1.0 g/kg/d (p < 0.001). High DPI only increased the hyperphosphatemia risk in slow transporters (not in high transporters). DPI ≥1.026 g increased the hyperphosphatemia risk in those patients (area under the curve: 0.66, p = 0.001).
High DPI increases the hyperphosphatemia risk in PD patients with slower peritoneal transport function.
Journal Article