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مبادئ الحكم في الصين القديمة
يتناول كتاب (مبادئ الحكم في الصين القديمة) والذي قامه بتأليفه (وي تشينغ) في حوالي (211) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (تاريخ الصين قديم) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : قبل أكثر من ألف وربعمائة عام، أصدر الإمبراطور تاي تسونغ إمبراطور أسرة تانغ الملكية (618-907) مرسوما بأن يجمع أربعة من أشهر علماء الصين وسياسييها وأمهرهم وقتها المعارف التاريخية حول مبادئ الحكم الإمبراطوري من الكتب الكلاسيكية القديمة الستة، والمجموعات التاريخية الأربع، والمئات من مؤلفات المدارس الفكرية الصينية، وأن يرتبوها ويستخرجوا منها الدروس الاكثر اهمية حول تهذيب النفس وإصلاحها، وإدارة العائلة، والحكم الجيد للبلاد، وسبل جلب السلام للعالم. وكانت النتيجة مجموعة عنوانها \"تشيونشو تشيياو\" التي أقتبست بعناية من أربعة عشر ألف كتاب، وتسع وثمانين ألف مخطوطة من الكتابات القديمة، بإجمالي خمسمائة ألف فقرة مكتوبة، تغطي خمسة وشتين صنفا من الكتب. وقد ساعد هذا الكتاب الإمبراطور تاي سونغ والكثير من الأباطرة من بعده في أمور الحكم، ويعود الفضل في تحقيق الرخاء والسلام في المراحل اللاحقة بالصين القديمة بنسبة كبيرة إلى هذا الكتاب.
BOOK
Prevalence of suicide attempt in individuals with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of observational surveys
Suicide attempt (SA), which is one of the strongest predictors of completed suicide, is common in major depressive disorder (MDD) but its prevalence across epidemiological studies has been mixed. The aim of this comprehensive meta-analysis was to examine the pooled prevalence of SA in individuals with MDD.
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from their commencement date until 27 December 2017. Original studies containing data on prevalence of SA in individuals with MDD were analyzed.
In all, 65 studies with a total of 27 340 individuals with MDD were included. Using the random effects model, the pooled lifetime prevalence of SA was 31% [95% confidence interval (CI) 27-34%], 1-year prevalence was 8% (95% CI 3-14%) and 1-month prevalence was 24% (95% CI 15-34%). Subgroup analyses revealed that the lifetime prevalence of SA was significantly associated with the patient setting, study region and income level, while the 1-month prevalence of SA was associated with only the patient setting.
This meta-analysis confirmed that SA was common in individuals with MDD across the world. Careful screening and appropriate interventions should be implemented for SA in the MDD population.
Journal Article
An Empirical Validation of Malicious Insider Characteristics
Malicious insiders continue to pose a great threat to organizations. With their knowledge and access to organizational resources, malicious insiders could launch attacks more easily that result in more damaging impacts compared to outsiders. However, empirical research about malicious insiders is rare due to the unavailability of data. With few exceptions, many studies focus on a small number of cases. In order to identify common characteristics of a large number of malicious insiders, this study employs text mining to analyze 133 real-world cases of offenders from military units, intelligence agencies, and business organizations with data available to the public. Contributions of this study reside in two aspects: first, we use public data from documented malicious insider cases, implying a potentially valuable data source for future studies in this domain; second, we validate malicious insider characteristics identified in previous research, thereby establishing a foundation for more comprehensive research in the future.
Journal Article
A Meta-Analysis on Remote HRI and In-Person HRI: What Is a Socially Assistive Robot to Do?
Recently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related social distancing measures, in-person activities have been significantly reduced to limit the spread of the virus, especially in healthcare settings. This has led to loneliness and social isolation for our most vulnerable populations. Socially assistive robots can play a crucial role in minimizing these negative affects. Namely, socially assistive robots can provide assistance with activities of daily living, and through cognitive and physical stimulation. The ongoing pandemic has also accelerated the exploration of remote presence ranging from workplaces to home and healthcare environments. Human–robot interaction (HRI) researchers have also explored the use of remote HRI to provide cognitive assistance in healthcare settings. Existing in-person and remote comparison studies have investigated the feasibility of these types of HRI on individual scenarios and tasks. However, no consensus on the specific differences between in-person HRI and remote HRI has been determined. Furthermore, to date, the exact outcomes for in-person HRI versus remote HRI both with a physical socially assistive robot have not been extensively compared and their influence on physical embodiment in remote conditions has not been addressed. In this paper, we investigate and compare in-person HRI versus remote HRI for robots that assist people with activities of daily living and cognitive interventions. We present the first comprehensive investigation and meta-analysis of these two types of robotic presence to determine how they influence HRI outcomes and impact user tasks. In particular, we address research questions regarding experience, perceptions and attitudes, and the efficacy of both humanoid and non-humanoid socially assistive robots with different populations and interaction modes. The use of remote HRI to provide assistance with daily activities and interventions is a promising emerging field for healthcare applications.
Journal Article
Mitochondrial Dysfunction‐Evoked DHODH Acetylation is Involved in Renal Cell Ferroptosis during Cisplatin‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Several studies have observed renal cell ferroptosis during cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the mechanism is not completely clear. In this study, oxidized arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites are increased in cisplatin‐treated HK‐2 cells. Targeted metabolomics showed that the end product of pyrimidine biosynthesis is decreased and the initiating substrate of pyrimidine biosynthesis is increased in cisplatin‐treated mouse kidneys. Mitochondrial DHODH, a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis, and its downstream product CoQH2, are downregulated. DHODH overexpression attenuated but DHODH silence exacerbated cisplatin‐induced CoQH2 depletion and lipid peroxidation. Mechanistically, renal DHODH acetylation is elevated in cisplatin‐exposed mice. Mitochondrial SIRT3 is reduced in cisplatin‐treated mouse kidneys and HK‐2 cells. Both in vitro SIRT3 overexpression and in vivo NMN supplementation attenuated cisplatin‐induced mitochondrial DHODH acetylation and renal cell ferroptosis. By contrast, Sirt3 knockout aggravated cisplatin‐induced mitochondrial DHODH acetylation and renal cell ferroptosis, which can not be attenuated by NMN. Additional experiments showed that cisplatin caused mitochondrial dysfunction and SIRT3 SUMOylation. Pretreatment with mitochondria‐target antioxidant MitoQ alleviated cisplatin‐caused mitochondrial dysfunction, SIRT3 SUMOylation, and DHODH acetylation. MitoQ pretreatment protected against cisplatin‐caused AKI and renal cell ferroptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction‐evoked DHODH acetylation partially contributes to renal cell ferroptosis during cisplatin‐induced AKI. In this study, it is demonstrated that the downregulation of mitochondrial DHODH, a novel defense mechanism, is involved in renal cell ferroptosis during cisplatin‐induced AKI. The results provide evidence that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐evoked SIRT3 SUMOylation contributes to cisplatin‐induced DHODH acetylation and mitochondrial DHODH downregulation. Supplementation with mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant, and NMN, a precursor for NAD+, could efficiently prevent cisplatin‐induced renal cell ferroptosis and AKI.
Journal Article
Quantifying the regulatory potential of genetic variants via a hybrid sequence-oriented model with SVEN
Deciphering how noncoding DNA determines gene expression is critical for decoding the functional genome. Understanding the transcription effects of noncoding genetic variants are still major unsolved problems, which is critical for downstream applications in human genetics and precision medicine. Here, we integrate regulatory-specific neural networks and tissue-specific gradient-boosting trees to build SVEN: a hybrid sequence-oriented architecture that can accurately predict tissue-specific gene expression level and quantify the tissue-specific transcriptomic impacts of structural variants across more than 350 tissues and cell lines. We further systematically screen a large-scale structural variants dataset derived from 3622 individuals and clinical structural variants from ClinVar, and provide an overview of transcriptomic impacts of structural variants in population. As a sequence-oriented model, SVEN is also able to predict regulatory effects for small noncoding variants. We expect that SVEN will enable more effective in silico analysis and interpretation of human genome-wide disease-related genetic variants.
Deciphering how noncoding DNA determines gene expression is critical for decoding the functional genome. Here, authors develop SVEN to model tissue-specific transcriptomic impacts for large-scale structural variants and small noncoding variants across over 350 tissues and cell lines.
Journal Article
Blood glucose fluctuation and in-hospital mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction: eICU collaborative research database
To assess the relationship between glycemic variability, glucose fluctuation trajectory and the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
This retrospective cohort study included AMI patients from eICU Collaborative Research Database. In-hospital mortality of AMI patients was primary endpoint. Blood glucose levels at admission, glycemic variability, and glucose fluctuation trajectory were three main study variables. Blood glucose levels at admission were stratified into: normal, intermediate, and high. Glycemic variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV), divided into four groups based on quartiles: quartile 1: CV≤10; quartile 2: 1030. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models to assess the relationship between blood glucose levels at admission, glycemic variability, glucose fluctuation trajectory, and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI.
2590 participants were eventually included in this study. There was a positive relationship between high blood glucose level at admission and in-hospital mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.42, 95%confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.89]. The fourth quartile (CV>30) of CV was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.25-3.40). The findings indicated that only AMI individuals in the fourth quartile of glycemic variability, exhibited an elevated in-hospital mortality among those with normal blood glucose levels at admission (HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.11-4.87). Additionally, elevated blood glucose level was a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in AMI patients.
Glycemic variability was correlated with in-hospital mortality, particularly among AMI patients who had normal blood glucose levels at admission. Our study findings also suggest early intervention should be implemented to normalize high blood glucose levels at admission of AMI.
Journal Article
Hyperuricemia causes kidney damage by promoting autophagy and NLRP3-mediated inflammation in rats with urate oxidase deficiency
Epidemiological research has shown that elevated serum urate concentration is a risk factor for the development of kidney disease; however, the mechanisms underlying this process have not yet been elucidated. To examine the role of urate in the kidney, we used Wistar rats to functionally disrupt expression of urate oxidase (UOX) by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In comparison to wild-type (WT) rats, serum urate levels spontaneously and persistently increased in UOX-KO rats, without showing a significant decrease in survival rate. Architecture and function of the kidneys in UOX-KO rats were impaired. Injury to the kidney resulted in increased interstitial fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, increased expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β, and activation of multiple cell-signaling pathways associated with autophagy, such as AMPK, p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK pathways. Inhibition of autophagy with the PI3K inhibitor 3-MA abrogated the development of kidney damage and attenuated renal fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, and expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in injured kidneys. In conclusion, the UOX-KO rat is a great model to study hyperuricemia-related diseases. Hyperuricemia-induced autophagy and NLRP3-dependent inflammation are critically involved in the development of renal damage and, therefore, highlight the inhibition of autophagy and inflammation in search of therapeutic strategies to treat uric acid nephropathy.
Journal Article
GC heterogeneity reveals sequence-structures evolution of angiosperm ITS2
Background
Despite GC variation constitutes a fundamental element of genome and species diversity, the precise mechanisms driving it remain unclear. The abundant sequence data available for the ITS2, a commonly employed phylogenetic marker in plants, offers an exceptional resource for exploring the GC variation across angiosperms.
Results
A comprehensive selection of 8666 species, comprising 165 genera, 63 families, and 30 orders were used for the analyses. The alignment of ITS2 sequence-structures and partitioning of secondary structures into paired and unpaired regions were performed using 4SALE. Substitution rates and frequencies among GC base-pairs in the paired regions of ITS2 were calculated using RNA-specific models in the PHASE package. The results showed that the distribution of ITS2 GC contents on the angiosperm phylogeny was heterogeneous, but their increase was generally associated with ITS2 sequence homogenization, thereby supporting the occurrence of GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) during the concerted evolution of ITS2. Additionally, the GC content in the paired regions of the ITS2 secondary structure was significantly higher than that of the unpaired regions, indicating the selection of GC for thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, the RNA substitution models demonstrated that base-pair transformations favored both the elevation and fixation of GC in the paired regions, providing further support for gBGC.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the significance of secondary structure in GC investigation, which demonstrate that both gBGC and structure-based selection are influential factors driving angiosperm ITS2 GC content.
Journal Article