Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background Painless gastrointestinal endoscopy is widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. At present, propofol is commonly used to perform painless gastrointestinal endoscopy, but the high dose of propofol often leads to a higher incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory complications. Studies have shown that the application of propofol combined with ketamine in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy is beneficial to reduce the dosage of propofol and the incidence of related complications. Esketamine is dextrorotatory structure of ketamine with a twice as great anesthetic effect as normal ketamine but fewer side effects. We hypothesized that esketamine may reduce the consumption of propofol and to investigate the safety of coadministration during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods A total of 260 patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy (gastroscope and colonoscopy) were randomly divided into P group (propofol + saline), PK1 group (propofol + esketamine 0.05 mg/kg), PK2 group (propofol + esketamine 0.1 mg/kg), and PK3 group (propofol + esketamine 0.2 mg/kg). Anesthesia was achieved by 1.5 mg/kg propofol with different doses of esketamine. Propofol consumption per minute was recorded. Hemodynamic index, pulse oxygen saturation, operative time, induction time, awakening status, orientation recovery time, adverse events, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were also recorded during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results Propofol consumption per minute was 11.78, 10.56, 10.14, and 9.57 (mg/min) in groups P, PK1, PK2, and PK3, respectively; compared with group P, groups PK2 and PK3 showed a decrease of 13.92% ( P  = 0.021) and 18.76% ( P  = 0.000), respectively. In all four groups, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), but not pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) significantly decreased ( P  = 0.000) immediately after administration of induction, but there were no significant differences between the groups. The induction time of groups P, PK1, PK2, and PK3 was 68.52 ± 18.394, 64.83 ± 13.543, 62.23 ± 15.197, and 61.35 ± 14.470 s, respectively ( P  = 0.041). Adverse events and psychotomimetic effects were observed but without significant differences between the groups. Conclusions The combination of 0.2 mg/kg esketamine and propofol was effective and safe in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy as evidenced by less propofol consumption per minute, shorter induction time, and lower incidence of cough and body movement relative to propofol alone. The lack of significant differences in hemodynamic results, anesthesia-related indices, adverse events, and MMSE results showed the safety to apply this combination for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy. Trial registration This study was registered with China Clinical Trial Registration on 07/11/2020 (registration website: chictr.org.cn; registration numbers: ChiCTR https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/2000039750 ).

Background Pectobacterium spp. are necrotrophic bacterial plant pathogens of the family Pectobacteriaceae , responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases of important crops and ornamental plants including soft rot, blackleg, and stem wilt. P. carotovorum is a genetically heterogeneous species consisting of three valid subspecies, P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense ( Pcb ), P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ( Pcc ), and P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum ( Pco ). Results Thirty-two P. carotovorum strains had their whole genomes sequenced, including the first complete genome of Pco and another circular genome of Pcb , as well as the high-coverage genome sequences for 30 additional strains covering Pcc , Pcb , and Pco . In combination with 52 other publicly available genome sequences, the comparative genomics study of P. carotovorum and other four closely related species P. polaris , P. parmentieri , P. atrosepticum , and Candidatus P. maceratum was conducted focusing on CRISPR-Cas defense systems and pathogenicity determinants. Our analysis identified two CRISPR-Cas types (I-F and I-E) in Pectobacterium, as well as another I-C type in Dickeya that is not found in Pectobacterium . The core pathogenicity factors (e.g., plant cell wall-degrading enzymes) were highly conserved, whereas some factors (e.g., flagellin, siderophores, polysaccharides, protein secretion systems, and regulatory factors) were varied among these species and/or subspecies. Notably, a novel type of T6SS as well as the sorbitol metabolizing srl operon was identified to be specific to Pco in Pectobacterium . Conclusions This study not only advances the available knowledge about the genetic differentiation of individual subspecies of P. carotovorum , but also delineates the general genetic features of P. carotovorum by comparison with its four closely related species, thereby substantially enriching the extent of information now available for functional genomic investigations about Pectobacterium .

Obesity has become a global health crisis. Laparoscopic bariatric surgery, a commonly used method for treating obesity, can significantly alter intracranial hemodynamics due to surgical positioning and pneumoperitoneum pressure, thereby increasing the likelihood of perioperative complications in obese individuals. Ciprofol, a novel propofol analog, offers advantages such as reduced side effects and enhanced stability, but its effects on brain blood flow regulation in obese patients are not yet fully understood. This clinical trial was designed to validate its superior efficacy in preserving cerebral perfusion and maintaining hemodynamic stability. The trial was structured as a randomized, double-blind research with parallel arms. Research was carried out from 1st February 2023 to 30th May 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University. Patients, with body mass index ranging from 30.6 to 51.2 kg/m , scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery, were randomly allocated to receive either propofol or ciprofol. For anesthesia induction and maintenance, participants in each group were administered propofol or ciprofol as the sedative agent. The mean cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFVm) were detected using transcranial doppler ultrasonography, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and adverse events were recorded during surgery. A total of 43 patients were ultimately included in this study (21 in the propofol group and 22 in the ciprofol group). Compared with baseline, patients receiving propofol group exhibited marked reductions in CBFVm at T , T , T , T , T , T , T , T and MAP at T , T , T , T , T ( < 0.05), respectively. In contrast, ciprofol- administered participants demonstrated no significant change in CBFVm, and MAP only showed a significant decrease at T ( < 0.05). Although there was a certain difference in ΔCBFVm between the two groups, it was not statistically significant. Additionally, 13 patients (61.9%) in the propofol group experienced pain at the injection site, compared to only three patients (13.6%) in the ciprofol group ( = 0.001). Both groups experienced hypotension, respiratory depression, and bradycardia, but no significant differences were observed. This study found that, compared to propofol, ciprofol may be a better anesthetic choice for obese individuals receiving laparoscopic bariatric surgery, as it maintains CBFVm and hemodynamics more steadily, causes less injection discomfort, and demonstrates comparable safety and adverse event rates to those of propofol. [https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=187919], identifier [ChiCTR2300067801].

Background The Monopterus albus serves as a unique model for studying sex reversal, transitioning naturally from female to male. However, the origins of male germline stem cells (GSCs) and the roles of somatic cells during sex reversal remain poorly understood. Methods We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on ovarian, ovotestis, and testicular tissues to construct a gonadal cell atlas. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) validated cell subpopulations. Results Cell types of germ cells and somatic cells in gonads were identified, and their differentiation trajectories during sex reversal were depicted. Our results show that GSCs wdr17+tep1− in the ovaries possess bipotential differentiation capacity and can transform into GSCs wdr17+ tep1+ with the capability to differentiating into sperm during sex reversal. Two theca cell subpopulations cooperate to synthesize steroid precursors in ovaries, with Leydig cells in testes likely originating from theca cell transitions. Proliferative gdf9 + follicle cells promoted folliculogenesis and persisted in male gonads with reduced hsd17b1 expression. Stromal heterogen-eity analysis revealed bmp4 + mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs bmp4+ ) as potential precursors for Sertoli cells in testes. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive cellular roadmap of gonadal cell dynamics during sex reversal in Monopterus albus . Our findings unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying germline and somatic cell fate determination, offering novel insights into vertebrate sex reversal and potential therapeutic strategies for disorders of sex development (DSD).

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in plant development and stress responses. So far, identification of lncRNA in eggplant response to stresses has been limited and the role in mediating response to cold stress is yet to be characterized in eggplant. In this study, there is reported the first dataset of lncRNAs responsive to cold stress in the cold tolerant and sensitive eggplants using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). 227 and 225 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were obtained in two genotypes with differential cold-tolerance. Functional characterization through gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that target genes were particularly related to acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and pseudouridine synthase activity, which could result in the tolerant phenotypes. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that target genes in both sensitive and tolerant eggplants were mainly involved in cold responsive pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisome, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and so on. However, the enriched pathways obtained by enrichment analysis in cold-tolerant eggplant were different from those in cold-sensitive eggplant, which further indicated the reason for different tolerances. Our findings highlight the potential contributions of lncRNAs in regulating eggplant response to cold stress and difference in cold tolerance.

The development of day surgery in China is still in its infancy. The aim of this study is to examine the difference in perception between patients and medical staff about day surgery and to find out what kind of information should be delivered to patients perioperatively. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study using survey questionnaires. Patients undergoing day surgery and medical staff working in the day surgery center received a preoperative teaching questionnaire (PTQ). The PTQ consisted of preoperative, operative, postoperative and anesthesia information. Participants were asked to rate accurately what day surgery information they perceived as important on a five-point Likert-type scale that ranged from very important to not important. The main outcome was the value patients and staff place on perioperative information. For patients, details of anesthesia (82.6%) was the most important day surgery information, while for medical staff, preoperative (58.1%), postoperative (60.7%) and anesthesia (60.0%) information were of the same importance. Patients ranked surgery effect (83.3%) and pain management (82.5%) as two of the top five most important details about day surgery, but these were not listed in the top 5 rankings of staff. Student's -test results of mean rankings also showed that patients placed more importance on surgery effect (4.8±0.6, 4.6±0.6, =0.036) and pain management (4.8±0.5, 4.5±0.5, =0.031) than the medical staff did. In China, day surgery is an emerging practice with both patients and medical practitioners still lacking experience, so high-quality perioperative teaching is necessary and important. Our study examining patients and staffs' views on day surgery information should be considered when developing perioperative teaching programs. To increase patient satisfaction of the day surgery experience, delivery of patient-specific information tailored to individual circumstances is necessary.

This study aimed to investigate patients' expectative pain of spinal anesthesia puncture and anxiety pre-anesthesia, and to examine the effect of lidocaine-prilocaine cream and remimazolam prior to spinal anesthesia puncture on pain relief and anxiety release. Patients undergoing spinal anesthesia were divided into control, lidocaine-prilocaine cream, and lidocaine-prilocaine cream with remimazolam groups. A questionnaire consisting of The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) and patient's concerns and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate patient's anxiety and pain. The primary outcomes were differences in VAS and anxiety scores. Patient's spinal anesthesia-related concerns, advent events and hemodynamic index were also recorded. The expected spinal anesthesia puncture pain was 5.34±0.27 and anxiety scores before spinal anesthesia was 10.88 ± 0.64. A statistically significant positive correlation of 31.3% was detected between VAS and APAIS scores (r = 0.313; P=0.003). The VAS score at the time of puncture decreased by 29.7% (3.78±0.40, P=0.001) in lidocaine-prilocaine cream group and 29.2% (3.75±0.39, P=0.001) in lidocaine-prilocaine cream with remimazolam group compared with the expected VAS score. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream combined with or without remimazolam reduced the percentage of moderate pain (21.4% and 31.3% vs 50.0%, P=0.0001) and increased mild pain (60.7% vs 59.4% vs 22.7%, P=0.03). Anxiety score in lidocaine-prilocaine cream group was reduced by 2.84 (8.04±0.76 vs 10.88 ± 0.46, P=0.05) when compared with pre-anesthesia. Concerns about postoperative pain (P=0.03) and fear of the needle or intervention (P=0.000) both decreased post-anesthesia among groups. Approximately half of the patients scheduled for spinal anesthesia experienced a moderate level of preoperative anxiety. The patient's pain expectation from the spinal anesthesia puncture was moderate, which was higher than the actual pain. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream with or without remimazolam sedative before spinal anesthesia puncture reduced the patient's pain and anxiety scores after surgery.

In this paper we describe a semianalytical approach to computing the temperature and thermal stress inside a III-V compound grown with the Czochralski technique. An analysis of the growing conditions indicates that the crystal growth occurs on the conductive time scale. A perturbation method for the temperature field is developed for an arbitrary crystal profile using the Biot number as a (small) expansion parameter. The zeroth order solution is one-dimensional in the axial direction. Explicit solutions are obtained for a cylindrical and a conical crystal. Under typical growth conditions, a parabolic temperature profile in the radial direction is shown to arise naturally as the first order correction. As a result, the thermal stress is obtained explicitly and its magnitude is shown to depend on the zeroth order temperature and Biot number. Both the axial temperature gradient and crystal profile are shown to be important for controlling thermal stress and defect density. Some issues relevant to growth conditions are also discussed.

A simple capillary electrophoresis (CE) method that using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as buffer modifier has been developed for the detection of ten amino acids of jujube from five different geographical origins. The CE methodology was optimized through the variation of type, pH and concentration of the buffer solution, concentration of the additive β-CD, applied voltage, injection time and wavelength of the UV detection. It was found that the best separation of ten kinds of amino acids was achieved within less than 6 min under the optimum separation conditions: 50 mmol L-1 pH 9.5 borate-phosphate buffer with 5.0 mmol L-1 β-CD, 15 kV applied voltage, 25 °C column temperature, 210 nm detection wavelength, and 5 s injection time. This method showed good repeatability with RSD values of 1.4-3.4% for peak area, and 1.4-4.7% for migration time, when β-CD was used as buffer modifier. Under the optimum conditions, the method has been successfully applied to the detection of actual jujube samples, which also verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the method. Recovery of real samples was in ranging of 90%-105%, which proved the feasibility of the method. It also proved that the method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of amino acids of interest in plant samples.

When virgin olive oil (VOO) have been fried long time at high temperature, some aliphatic monoaldehydes including hexanal, heptanal, octaldehyde, nonanal and decanal were found in fried VOO and food samples. The HPLC method has been developed for determination of aliphatic monoaldehydes in VOO and food samples after different fried conditions. These five aliphatic monoaldehydes could be separated and analyzed in 60 min on reversed phase ODS column with methanol/0.1% acetic acid water solution mobile phase at 1.0 mL min-1 flow rate, after being derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The method was validated with recovery results ranging from 86% to 114%. Calibration plots of aliphatic aldehydes were linear (r≥0.9991) in the concentration range from 1.0×10-6 to 1.5×10-4 mol L-1. The LODs were between 6.5×10-8 and 3.98×10-7 mol L-1. The proposed method provides a reliable and sensitive quantitative evaluation for aliphatic monoaldehydes in fried oils and fried potatoes samples. The experiments results verify that the VOOs are not suitable to be fried long time at high temperature. The frying time should be less than 3.0 min, and the frying temperature should be below 150 °C for the healthy diet.