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"Liang, Zheng"
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Cutting rules for non-relativistic dark matter in solids based on Kohn-Sham orbitals
A
bstract
The Cutkosky cutting rules establish a direct connection between the imaginary parts of loop amplitudes and physical observables such as decay rates and cross sections, providing heuristic insights into the underlying processes. This work lays a robust theoretical foundation for the application of cutting rules in solid-state systems involving instantaneous dark matter (DM)–electron Yukawa interaction as well as the Coulomb potential. The cutting rules are formulated using the single-electron wavefunctions and corresponding energy eigenvalues obtained from the Kohn-Sham equations within density functional theory (DFT). This framework is not only of considerable theoretical interest but also holds significant practical relevance for studying DM phenomenology in condensed matter systems.
Journal Article
The wavefunction reconstruction effects in calculation of DM-induced electronic transition in semiconductor targets
A
bstract
The physics of the electronic excitation in semiconductors induced by sub-GeV dark matter (DM) have been extensively discussed in literature, under the framework of the standard plane wave (PW) and pseudopotential calculation scheme. In this paper, we investigate the implication of the all-electron (AE) reconstruction on estimation of the DM-induced electronic transition event rates. As a benchmark study, we first calculate the wavefunctions in silicon and germanium bulk crystals based on both the AE and pseudo (PS) schemes within the projector augmented wave (PAW) framework, and then make comparisons between the calculated excitation event rates obtained from these two approaches. It turns out that in process where large momentum transfer is kinetically allowed, the two calculated event rates can differ by a factor of a few. Such discrepancies are found to stem from the high-momentum components neglected in the PS scheme. It is thus implied that the correction from the AE wavefunction in the core region is necessary for an accurate estimate of the DM-induced transition event rate in semiconductors.
Journal Article
The Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure
The use of a large number of cardiovascular biomarkers, meant to complement the use of the electrocardiogram, echocardiography cardiac imaging, and clinical symptom assessment, has become a routine in clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis and guides the management of patients with suspected cardiovascular diseases. There is a broad consensus that cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides are the preferred biomarkers in clinical practice for the diagnosis of the acute coronary syndrome and heart failure, respectively, while the roles and possible clinical applications of several other potential biomarkers are still under study. This review mainly focuses on the recent studies of the roles and clinical applications of troponin and natriuretic peptides, which seem to be the best-validated markers in distinguishing and predicting the future cardiac events of patients with suspected cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the review briefly discusses some of the large number of potential markers that may play a more prominent role in the future.
Journal Article
Manipulating the oxygen reduction reaction pathway on Pt-coordinated motifs
Electrochemical oxygen reduction could proceed via either 4e
−
-pathway toward maximum chemical-to-electric energy conversion or 2e
−
-pathway toward onsite H
2
O
2
production. Bulk Pt catalysts are known as the best monometallic materials catalyzing O
2
-to-H
2
O conversion, however, controversies on the reduction product selectivity are noted for atomic dispersed Pt catalysts. Here, we prepare a series of carbon supported Pt single atom catalyst with varied neighboring dopants and Pt site densities to investigate the local coordination environment effect on branching oxygen reduction pathway. Manipulation of 2e
−
or 4e
−
reduction pathways is demonstrated through modification of the Pt coordination environment from Pt-C to Pt-N-C and Pt-S-C, giving rise to a controlled H
2
O
2
selectivity from 23.3% to 81.4% and a turnover frequency ratio of H
2
O
2
/H
2
O from 0.30 to 2.67 at 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Energetic analysis suggests both 2e
−
and 4e
−
pathways share a common intermediate of *OOH, Pt-C motif favors its dissociative reduction while Pt-S and Pt-N motifs prefer its direct protonation into H
2
O
2
. By taking the Pt-N-C catalyst as a stereotype, we further demonstrate that the maximum H
2
O
2
selectivity can be manipulated from 70 to 20% with increasing Pt site density, providing hints for regulating the stepwise oxygen reduction in different application scenarios.
Controlling O
2
reduction pathways can help optimize catalytic activity and product selectivity. Here the authors report facile manipulation of 2e
‒
/4e
‒
pathways on Pt-coordinated motifs by varying the Pt site density or the coordination environment.
Journal Article
circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in human lung cancer: an update
Circular RNAs, as hopeful diagnosis markers and therapeutic molecules, have been studied, probed and applied into several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, leukemia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and cancer especially. Recently, mounting evidence has supported that circRNAs play a key role in the tumorigenesis, progress, invasion and metastasis in lung cancer. Its special structure—3′–5′ covalent loop—allow it to execute several special functions in both normal eukaryotic cells and cancer cells. Our review summaries the latest studies on characteristics and biogenesis of circRNAs, and highlight the regulatory functions about miRNA sponge of lung-cancer-related circRNAs. In addition, the interaction of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network will also be elaborated in detail in this review. Therefore, this review can provide a new idea or strategy for further development and application in clinical setting in terms of early-diagnosis and better treatment.
Journal Article
A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Low-Light Image Enhancement
Images captured under poor lighting conditions often suffer from low brightness, low contrast, color distortion, and noise. The function of low-light image enhancement is to improve the visual effect of such images for subsequent processing. Recently, deep learning has been used more and more widely in image processing with the development of artificial intelligence technology, and we provide a comprehensive review of the field of low-light image enhancement in terms of network structure, training data, and evaluation metrics. In this paper, we systematically introduce low-light image enhancement based on deep learning in four aspects. First, we introduce the related methods of low-light image enhancement based on deep learning. We then describe the low-light image quality evaluation methods, organize the low-light image dataset, and finally compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the related methods and give an outlook on the future development direction.
Journal Article
Colossal barocaloric effects with ultralow hysteresis in two-dimensional metal–halide perovskites
Pressure-induced thermal changes in solids—barocaloric effects—can be used to drive cooling cycles that offer a promising alternative to traditional vapor-compression technologies. Efficient barocaloric cooling requires materials that undergo reversible phase transitions with large entropy changes, high sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure, and minimal hysteresis, the combination of which has been challenging to achieve in existing barocaloric materials. Here, we report a new mechanism for achieving colossal barocaloric effects that leverages the large volume and conformational entropy changes of hydrocarbon order–disorder transitions within the organic bilayers of select two-dimensional metal–halide perovskites. Significantly, we show how the confined nature of these order–disorder phase transitions and the synthetic tunability of layered perovskites can be leveraged to reduce phase transition hysteresis through careful control over the inorganic–organic interface. The combination of ultralow hysteresis and high pressure sensitivity leads to colossal reversible isothermal entropy changes (>200 J kg
−1
K
−1
) at record-low pressures (<300 bar).
Barocaloric materials, undergoing thermal changes in response to applied pressure, may provide energy efficient and zero-emission solid-state cooling. Here the authors report a mechanism for achieving large reversible barocaloric effects near ambient temperature, leveraging volume and conformational entropy changes within the organic bilayers of two-dimensional metal–halide perovskites.
Journal Article
Solid Polymer Electrolytes with High Conductivity and Transference Number of Li Ions for Li‐Based Rechargeable Batteries
Smart electronics and wearable devices require batteries with increased energy density, enhanced safety, and improved mechanical flexibility. However, current state‐of‐the‐art Li‐based rechargeable batteries (LBRBs) use highly reactive and flowable liquid electrolytes, severely limiting their ability to meet the above requirements. Therefore, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are introduced to tackle the issues of liquid electrolytes. Nevertheless, due to their low Li+ conductivity and Li+ transference number (LITN) (around 10−5 S cm−1 and 0.5, respectively), SPE‐based room temperature LBRBs are still in their early stages of development. This paper reviews the principles of Li+ conduction inside SPEs and the corresponding strategies to improve the Li+ conductivity and LITN of SPEs. Some representative applications of SPEs in high‐energy density, safe, and flexible LBRBs are then introduced and prospected. Recent advancements in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for Li‐based rechargeable batteries are summarized. The principles of Li‐ion conduction inside SPE and the corresponding strategies to improve Li‐ion conductivity and transference number are first reviewed. The representative applications of SPEs in high‐energy density, safe, and flexible batteries are then introduced and prospected.
Journal Article
Progress, Key Issues, and Future Prospects for Li‐Ion Battery Recycling
The overuse and exploitation of fossil fuels has triggered the energy crisis and caused tremendous issues for the society. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), as one of the most important renewable energy storage technologies, have experienced booming progress, especially with the drastic growth of electric vehicles. To avoid massive mineral mining and the opening of new mines, battery recycling to extract valuable species from spent LIBs is essential for the development of renewable energy. Therefore, LIBs recycling needs to be widely promoted/applied and the advanced recycling technology with low energy consumption, low emission, and green reagents needs to be highlighted. In this review, the necessity for battery recycling is first discussed from several different aspects. Second, the various LIBs recycling technologies that are currently used, such as pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, are summarized and evaluated. Then, based on the challenges of the above recycling methods, the authors look further forward to some of the cutting‐edge recycling technologies, such as direct repair and regeneration. In addition, the authors also discuss the prospects of selected recycling strategies for next‐generation LIBs such as solid‐state Li‐metal batteries. Finally, overall conclusions and future perspectives for the sustainability of energy storage devices are presented in the last chapter. The necessity for battery recycling, various Li‐ion battery recycling technologies including pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, direct repair, and regeneration methods, and recycling strategies of solid‐state Li‐metal batteries are summarized and discussed.
Journal Article