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"Liao, Lin"
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Ultra-narrowband dielectric metamaterial absorber with ultra-sparse nanowire grids for sensing applications
Due to their low losses, dielectric metamaterials provide an ideal resolution to construct ultra-narrowband absorbers. To improve the sensing performance, we present numerically a near-infrared ultra-narrowband absorber by putting ultra-sparse dielectric nanowire grids on metal substrate in this paper. The simulation results show that the absorber has an absorption rate larger than 0.99 with full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 0.38 nm. The simulation field distribution also indicates that the ultra-narrowband absorption is originated from the low loss in the guided-mode resonance. Thanks to the ultra-narrow absorption bandwidths and the electric field mainly distributed out of the ultra-sparse dielectric nanowire grids, our absorber has a high sensitivity
S
of 1052 nm/RIU and a large figure of merit (FOM) of 2768 which mean that this ultra-narrowband absorber can be applied as a high-performance refractive index sensor.
Journal Article
Improving Near-Surface Short-Range Weather Forecasts Using Strongly Coupled Land–Atmosphere Data Assimilation with GSI-EnKF
Strongly coupled land–atmosphere data assimilation has not yet been implemented into operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Up to now, upper-air measurements have been assimilated mainly in atmospheric analyses, while land and near-surface data have been assimilated mainly into land surface models. Thus, this study aims to explore the benefits of assimilating atmospheric and land surface observations within the framework of strongly coupled data assimilation. Specifically, we added soil moisture as a control state within the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF)-based Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) and conducted a series of numerical experiments through the assimilation of 2-m temperature/humidity and in situ surface soil moisture data along with conventional atmospheric measurements such as radiosondes into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with the Noah land surface model. The verification against in situ measurements and analyses show that compared to the assimilation of conventional data, adding soil moisture as a control state and assimilating 2-m humidity can bring additional benefits to analyses and forecasts. The impact of assimilating 2-m temperature (surface soil moisture) data is positive mainly on the temperature (soil moisture) analyses but on average marginal for other variables. On average, below 750 hPa, verification against the NCEP analysis indicates that the respective RMSE reduction in the forecasts of temperature and humidity is 5% and 2% for assimilating conventional data; 10% and 5% for including soil moisture as a control state; and 16% and 11% for simultaneously adding soil moisture as a control state and assimilating 2-m humidity data.
Journal Article
Examining the Impact of SMAP Soil Moisture Retrievals on Short-Range Weather Prediction under Weakly and Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation with WRF-Noah
Remotely sensed soil moisture data are typically incorporated into numerical weather models under a framework of weakly coupled data assimilation (WCDA), with a land surface analysis scheme independent from the atmospheric analysis component. In contrast, strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) allows simultaneous correction of atmospheric and land surface states but has not been sufficiently explored with land surface soil moisture data assimilation. This study implemented a variational approach to assimilate the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) 9-km enhanced retrievals into the Noah land surface model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model under a framework of both WCDA and SCDA. The goal of the study is to quantify the relative impact of assimilating SMAP data under different coupling frameworks on the atmospheric forecasts in the summer. The results of the numerical experiments during July 2016 show that SCDA can provide additional benefits on the forecasts of air temperature and humidity compared to WCDA. Over the U.S. Great Plains, assimilation of SMAP data under WCDA reduces a warm bias in temperature and a dry bias in humidity by 7.3% and 19.3%, respectively, while the SCDA case contributes an additional bias reduction of 2.2% (temperature) and 3.3% (humidity). While WCDA leads to a reduction of RMSE in temperature forecasts by 4.1%, SCDA results in additional reduction of RMSE by 0.8%. For the humidity, the reduction of RMSE is around 1% for both WCDA and SCDA.
Journal Article
The clinical application value of the KU-F40 fully automatic fecal analyzer for the detection of fecal parasites: A large-sample retrospective study
Improving the sensitivity of parasite detection is an urgent task for global public health. The traditional manual microscopy method still has some shortcomings in fecal parasite detection. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical application value of the KU-F40 fully automated fecal analyzer in fecal parasite detection by comparing the fecal detection results of the manual microscopy method with those of the KU-F40 instrumental method. Fecal test results were collected from January to June 2023 and January to June 2024, and divided into manual microscopy group (
n
= 51,627) and KU-F40 instrumental group (
n
= 50,606) according to methodology. The detection levels and species of parasites detected by the two methods were retrospectively analyzed. The KU-F40 instrumental group had a higher parasite detection level (8.74%) than the manual microscopy group (2.81%), with statistically significant differences between groups (
χ
2
= 1661.333,
P
< 0.05). Five species of parasites were detected by the manual microscopy method and nine species of parasites were detected by the KU-F40 instrumental method, of which the detection levels of
Clonorchis sinensis
eggs, hookworm eggs and
Blastocystis hominis
were higher than those of the manual microscopy method, with statistically significant differences (
P
< 0.05). Although the detection levels of tapeworm eggs and
Strongyloides stercoralis
were also higher than the manual microscopy method, the differences were not statistically significant (
P
> 0.05). The KU-F40 fully automatic fecal analyzer has a higher sensitivity to parasite detection and holds significant clinical application value in the detection of fecal parasites. With the combination of manual re-examination, the accuracy of test results can be significantly improved.
Journal Article
Association between cardiometabolic index and albuminuria: Evidence from NHANES 2017–2020
Albuminuria is a crucial marker of kidney damage and serves as an early indicator of the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have suggested that the cardiometabolic index (CMI), could be valuable for screening renal insufficiency. However, the relationship between CMI and albuminuria remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between CMI and albuminuria, with the goal of providing new insights for the clinical diagnosis, assessment, and early intervention of kidney disease.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the period between 2017-2020 provided the data for this cross-sectional investigation. Triglyceride (TG) (mmol/L)/High density lipid-cholesterol (HDL-C) (mmol/L) × Waist height ratio (WHtR) was the formula used for calculating CMI. Using multifactorial logistic regression, the independent connection between albuminuria and CMI was investigated. The threshold effect was determined by means of a two-stage linear regression model. Additionally, subgroup analysis and interaction tests were carried out.
A total of 3,339 participants were included, and 12.38% of them had albuminuria. As the CMI quartiles grew (quartile 1: 7.78%, quartile 2: 13.43%, quartile 3: 12.93%, quartile 4: 17.01%), so did the probability of albuminuria. The results of adjusted model 3 showed that a greater probability of albuminuria prevalence was strongly correlated with CMI (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.58-3.23). This association held true for all subgroups (all P for trend > 0.05). Furthermore, with a two-stage linear regression model with an inflection point of 0.92, we discovered a nonlinear relationship between CMI and albuminuria.
Our findings indicate that CMI levels are significantly associated with the risk of albuminuria prevalence, suggesting that CMI could serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing the risk of albuminuria.
Journal Article
Association between total bilirubin/Albumin ratio and all-cause mortality in acute kidney injury patients: A retrospective cohort study
The association between the total bilirubin/albumin (B/A) and the all-cause mortality of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between B/A ratio and mortality in patients with AKI. The clinical data of AKI patients in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the low and high B/A groups (B/A [less than or equal to] 0.25 and B/A > 0.25, respectively). The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were 60-day, 1-year and 4-year all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional risk models were constructed to evaluate the effect of B/A on survival outcomes. The 28-day mortality rates were 18.00% and 25.10% in the low and high B/A groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with higher B/A values had higher all-cause mortality risk (log-rank P < 0.0001). The multivariate Cox proportional risk analysis showed that B/A was an independent risk predictor for death at 28 days, 60 days, 1 year, and 4 years. B/A is an independent risk factor for increased mortality in patients with AKI and may be used as a predictor of clinical outcomes in AKI.
Journal Article
PD0325901 alleviates thrombin-inhibited osteogenic differentiation through an IL-1β-activated feedback loop between MEK-Erk1/2 and NF-κB signal pathways: insights from bioinformatics and experimental verification
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying thrombin-induced suppression of osteoblast differentiation, and to identify the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (PD03) as a potential therapeutic candidate.
Following treatment of primary rat osteoblasts with thrombin (20 U/mL) and PD03 (0.1 μM) during osteogenic induction, the cells were harvested and subjected to RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The combination of network pharmacology and RNA sequencing was used to predict the targets of PD03 in thrombin-induced osteoblasts. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed through staining and quantitative analysis; the expression of osteogenic genes was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot; mineralized nodule formation was evaluated by Alizarin Red S staining; the expression of signaling pathway-related proteins (p-Erk1/2, p-Stat3, p-p65, MMP-9, COX-2) and proliferation-related proteins (PCNA and MCM2) were examined by western blot; nuclear localization of NF-κB was observed by immunofluorescence (IF); intracellular calcium levels were quantified using a calcium assay and probe labeling; osteoblast proliferation was evaluated by EdU staining; IL-1β secretion in cell supernatants was detected by ELISA; the expression of IL-1RA was measured by western blot; the effects of MMP-9 knockdown and COX-2 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation were investigated.
Thrombin promoted osteoblast proliferation and inhibited osteogenic differentiation by upregulating inflammatory factors and activating inflammatory signaling pathways, including MEK-Erk1/2 and NF-κB, which in turn reduced ALP activity, calcium ion influx, expression of osteogenic markers (e.g., Col1α1, Runx2, OCN), and mineralized nodule formation. PD03 reverses these effects by suppressing thrombin-induced activation of IL-1β-dependent signaling pathway, in which the downstream gene MMP-9 plays a critical role.
PD03 inhibits thrombin-induced activation of the IL-1β-mediated feedback loop between the MEK-Erk1/2 and NF-κB pathways, thereby restoring bone formation and offering a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating bone loss in patients with elevated thrombin levels.
Journal Article
A DISCRETE GRÖNWALL INEQUALITY WITH APPLICATIONS TO NUMERICAL SCHEMES FOR SUBDIFFUSION PROBLEMS
We consider a class of numerical approximations to the Caputo fractional derivative. Our assumptions permit the use of nonuniform time steps, such as is appropriate for accurately resolving the behavior of a solution whose temporal derivatives are singular at t = 0. The main result is a type of fractional Grönwall inequality and we illustrate its use by outlining some stability and convergence estimates of schemes for fractional reaction-subdiffusion problems. This approach extends earlier work that used the familiar LI approximation to the Caputo fractional derivative, and will facilitate the analysis of higher order and linearized fast schemes.
Journal Article
Neural differentiation of glioblastoma cell lines via a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir system driven by a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis that rapidly acquires resistance to available clinical treatments. The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSVtk/GCV) system produces the selective elimination of HSVtk-positive cells and is a candidate for preclinical testing against glioblastoma via its ability to regulate proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish a plasmid encoding the HSVtk/GCV system driven by a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter and verify its possibility of neural differentiation of glioblastoma cell line under the GCV challenge. Four stable clones—N2A-pCMV-HSVtk, N2A-pGFAP-HSVtk, U251-pCMV-HSVtk, and U251-pGFAP-HSVtk—were established from neuronal N2A and glioblastoma U251 cell lines. In vitro GCV sensitivity was assessed by MTT assay for monitoring time- and dosage-dependent cytotoxicity. The capability for neural differentiation in stable glioblastoma clones during GCV treatment was assessed by performing immunocytochemistry for nestin, GFAP, and βIII-tubulin. Under GFAP promoter control, the U251 stable clone exhibited GCV sensitivity, while the neuronal N2A clones were nonreactive. During GCV treatment, cells underwent apoptosis on day 3 and dying cells were identified after day 5. Nestin was increasingly expressed in surviving cells, indicating that the population of neural stem-like cells was enriched. Lower levels of GFAP expression were detected in surviving cells. Furthermore, βIII-tubulin-positive neuron-like cells were identified after GCV treatment. This study established pGFAP-HSVtk-P2A-EGFP plasmids that successfully ablated GFAP-positive glioblastoma cells, but left neuronal N2A cells intact. These data suggest that the neural differentiation of glioblastoma cells can be promoted by treatment with the HSVtk/GCV system.
Journal Article