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"Libby, J"
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Open-plan office noise is stressful: multimodal stress detection in a simulated work environment
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019)-induced changes in the workplace present a timely opportunity for human resource management practitioners to consider and remediate the deleterious effects of noise, a commonly cited complaint of employees working in open-plan office (OPO) environments. While self-reports suggest that OPO noise is perceived as a stressor, there is little experimental research comprehensively investigating the effects of noise on employees in terms of their cognitive performance, physiological indicators of stress, and affect. Employing a simulated office setting, we compared the effects of a typical OPO auditory environment to a quieter private office auditory environment on a range of objective and subjective measures of well-being and performance. While OPO noise did not reduce immediate cognitive task performance compared to the quieter environment, it did reduce psychological well-being as evidenced by self-reports of mood, facial expressions of emotion, and physiological indicators of stress in the form of heartrate and skin conductivity. Our research highlights the importance of using a multimodal approach to assess the impact of workplace stressors such as noise. Such an approach will allow HR practitioners to make data-driven recommendations about the design and modification of workspaces to minimize negative effects and support employee well-being.
Journal Article
التنظيم من أجل التعلم : أساليب صفية لمساعدة الطلاب في التفاعل ضمن مجموعات صغيرة /
يتناول كتاب (التنظيم من أجل التعلم : أساليب صفية لمساعدة الطلاب في التفاعل ضمن مجموعات صغيرة) والتي قامت بتأليفه (دينا سين) في حوالي (119) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (طرق التدريس) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : الأسلوب التدريسي الأول مناقشات الشركاء، الأسلوب التدريسي الثاني إنشاء مجموعات من أجل معالجة فعالة، الأسلوب التدريسي الثالث الممارسة الثنائية، الأسلوب التدريسي الرابع التجميع المنظم، الأسلوب التدريسي الخامس المشاريع التعاوينة.
Book
Evasion of serum antibodies and complement by Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A
Nontyphoidal and enteric fever serovars of Salmonella enterica display distinctive interactions with serum antibodies and the complement system, which initiate the host immune response to invading microbes. This study examines the contributions of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen (O-ag) and the S. Typhi Vi polysaccharide capsule to serum resistance, complement activation and deposition, and immunoglobulin (Ig) binding in nontyphoidal S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and the enteric fever serovars S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Although all three serovars are resistant to serum killing, S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A exhibit lower levels of Ig binding, complement binding and complement activation compared to S. Typhimurium. In S. Typhimurium, WzzB-dependent long O-antigen (L O-ag) production with 16-to-35 repeating O-ag units, and FepE-dependent very long O-antigen (VL O-ag) production with over 100 repeating O-ag units, are required for serum resistance but do not prevent IgM binding or complement deposition. S. Typhi lacks VL O-ag, but its production of Vi capsule inhibits IgM binding and complement deposition, while acting in concert with L O-ag to resist serum killing. In S. Paratyphi A, L O-ag production is deficient due to a hypofunctional WzzB protein, but this is compensated by greater quantities of VL O-ag, which are required for serum resistance. Restoration of WzzB function by exchange with the S. Typhimurium or S. Typhi wzzB alleles can restore L O-ag production in S. Paratyphi A but decreases VL O-ag production, resulting in increased IgM binding. Replacement of the S. Paratyphi A O2-type polysaccharide with the S. Typhi O9 polysaccharide further increases IgM binding of S. Paratyphi A, which enhances complement activation but not complement deposition. Lastly, a gene duplication of rfbV in S. Paratyphi A is necessary for higher levels of VL O-ag and resistance to complement deposition and antibody binding. Collectively, these observations demonstrate fundamental differences between nontyphoidal and enteric fever Salmonella serovars in their interactions with innate immune effectors. Whereas nontyphoidal S. Typhimurium elicits, exploits and withstands the host acute inflammatory response, the enteric fever serovars S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A evade it by limiting antibody recognition and complement activation and deposition.
Journal Article
A Pathway to Professional Identity Formation: Report of the 2020-2021 AACP Student Affairs Standing Committee
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Professional identity formation (PIF) involves internalizing and demonstrating the behavioral norms, standards, and values of a professional community, such that one comes to “think, act and feel” like a member of that community. Professional identity influences how a professional perceives, explains, presents and conducts themselves. This report of the 2020-2021 AACP Student Affairs Standing Committee (SAC) describes the benefits of a strong professional identity, including its importance in advancing practice transformation. Responding to a recommendation from the 2019-2020 SAC, this report presents an illustrative and interpretative schema as an initial step towards describing a pharmacist’s identity. However, the profession must further elucidate a universal and distinctive pharmacist identity, in order to better support pharmacists and learners in explaining and presenting the pharmacist’s scope of practice and opportunities for practice change. Additionally, the report outlines recommendations for integrating intentional professional identity formation within professional curricula at colleges and schools of pharmacy. Although there is no standardized, single way to facilitate PIF in students, the report explores possibilities for meeting the student support and faculty development needs of an emerging new emphasis on PIF within the Academy.
Journal Article
تسجيل المعرفة وتمثيلها : أساليب صفية لمساعدة الطلاب في تنظيم المحتوى وتلخيصه بدقة
ويعرض كتاب تسجيل المعرفة وتمثيلها : أساليب صفية لمساعدة الطلاب في تنظيم المحتوى وتلخيصه بدقة أساليب محددة لإتقان مهارة مهمة وهي تسجيل المعرفة وتمثيلها وتتضمن هذه المهارة : خطوات واضحة للتنفيذ. اقتراحات لرصد قدرة الطلبة على تسجيل المعرفة وتمثيلها. تعديل أساليب التدريس لتناسب الطلاب المتعثرين وذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة أو ذوي التحصيل العالي. أمثلة إيجابية وأخرى سلبية. الأخطاء الشائعة وسبل تجنبها وصنف الكتاب في جزأين الأول التمثيلات اللغوية وتضمن أسلوبين هما التلخيص وتدوين الملاحظات. أما الجزء الثاني فخصص للتمثيلات غير اللغوية وتضمن أربعة أساليب هي : المنظم المعرفي والملاحظات والكتابة التصويرية والجمل التمثيلية وأجهزة تذكيرية.
BOOK
Exploring the mono-/bistability range of positively autoregulated signaling systems in the presence of competing transcription factor binding sites
Binding of transcription factor (TF) proteins to regulatory DNA sites is key to accurate control of gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. Theoretical modeling of transcription regulation is often focused on a limited set of genes of interest, while binding of the TF to other genomic sites is seldom considered. The total number of TF binding sites (TFBSs) affects the availability of TF protein molecules and sequestration of a TF by TFBSs can promote bistability. For many signaling systems where a graded response is desirable for continuous control over the input range, biochemical parameters of the regulatory proteins need be tuned to avoid bistability. Here we analyze the mono-/bistable parameter range for positively autoregulated two-component systems (TCSs) in the presence of different numbers of competing TFBSs. TCS signaling, one of the major bacterial signaling strategies, couples signal perception with output responses via protein phosphorylation. For bistability, competition for TF proteins by TFBSs lowers the requirement for high fold change of the autoregulated transcription but demands high phosphorylation activities of TCS proteins. We show that bistability can be avoided with a low phosphorylation capacity of TCSs, a high TF affinity for the autoregulated promoter or a low fold change in signaling protein levels upon induction. These may represent general design rules for TCSs to ensure uniform graded responses. Examining the mono-/bistability parameter range allows qualitative prediction of steady-state responses, which are experimentally validated in the E . coli CusRS system.
Journal Article
Search for lepton-flavor-violating tau decays to ℓα at Belle
A
bstract
We report a search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays
τ
±
→
ℓ
±
α
(
ℓ
=
e
,
μ
), where
α
is an undetected spin-0 particle, such as an axion-like particle using 736 × 10
6
tau lepton pairs collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy
e
+
e
−
collider. We find no evidence of signal and obtain the most stringent upper limits on the branching fractions at 95% confidence level:
(
τ
±
→ e
±
α
) < (0.4–6.4)
×
10
−
4
and
(
τ
±
→ μ
±
α
) < (0.2–3.5)
×
10
−
4
at 95% confidence level for an
α
mass in the range 0.0
≤ m
α
≤
1.6 GeV/
c
2
.
Journal Article
Age at diagnosis, but not HPV type, is strongly associated with clinical course in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease characterized by the growth of papillomas in the airway and especially the larynx. The clinical course is highly variable among individuals and there is poor understanding of the factors that drive an aggressive vs an indolent course.
A convenience cohort of 339 affected subjects with papillomas positive for only HPV6 or HPV11 and clinical course data available for 1 year or more, from a large multicenter international study were included. Exploratory data analysis was conducted followed by inferential analyses with frequentist and Bayesian statistics.
We examined 339 subjects: 82% were diagnosed prior to the age of 18 years, 65% were infected with HPV6, and 69% had an aggressive clinical course. When comparing age at diagnosis with clinical course, the probability of aggressiveness is high for children under five years of age then drops rapidly. For patients diagnosed after the age of 10 years, an indolent course is more common. After accounting for confounding between HPV11 and young age, HPV type was minimally associated with aggressiveness. Fast and Frugal Trees (FFTs) were utilized to determine which algorithms yield the highest accuracy to classify patients as having an indolent or aggressive clinical course and consistently created a branch for diagnostic age at ~5 years old. There was no reliable strong association between clinical course and socioeconomic or parental factors.
In the largest cohort of its type, we have identified a critical age at diagnosis which demarcates a more aggressive from less aggressive clinical course.
Journal Article