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6,623 result(s) for "Lima, M. S. C. S."
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Moon phases influence encounters of anurans in the Brazilian semi-arid region of Piauí
Abstract The lunar cycle is associated with the behaviour of amphibians, influencing vocalization, reproductive behaviours, and environmental choices. In the present work, we aimed to answer some questions regarding the influence of lunar phases and their interference with the behaviours of semiarid anuran species in Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. The work was carried out in the municipality of Floriano (S 6°30’; W 43°42’), and an active search was carried out for the inventory, with weekly campaigns from June 2018 to June 2019. The days were transformed into Julian days, and the sampling corresponding to 365.25 Julian days (JDN) were transformed into degrees (JDN*360/365). The absolute occurrence by species was classified as constant, accessory, and accidental. In the circular statistics the Rayleigh test (Z) was applied to verify that there is no randomness, with the sample being considered unidirectional if the calculated interval corresponds to z ≥ z (α) and P=0.01. Sample sufficiency was estimated using the RAO’S (U) spacing test, with the value considered random when U
Phallus eversion sexing in Phrynops geoffroanus (Testudines: Chelidae): a new non-invasive approach
Abstract The sexing of species is an important tool for population management. In tortoises and turtles, sexing is usually done according to secondary characteristics, such as plastron morphology or phallus eversion techniques. In this paper, we present the phallus eversion method and compare its efficiency to other existing techniques. This new method aims at shortening the management time and reducing the physical aftereffects on the animals, fostering the clinical and reproductive management of Geoffroy’s side-necked turtle (Phrynops geoffroanus) and related species. A sample of fifty individuals was taken in the central region of Piauí state, Northeastern Brazil. The proposed method consisted of moving the head from its resting position. The methods achieving a success rate higher than 80% were compared to each other as for the stimulation time required for phallus eversion. The method as here proposed achieved 100% efficiency in the sex determination of specimens with a linear carapace length between 10 and 34 cm. Also, when compared to the second most efficient method, it substantially reduced the time needed for managing the specimens (91%), avoiding possible sequelae in the individuals handled. Resumo A sexagem das espécies é uma ferramenta importante para o manejo populacional. Em tartarugas, cágados e jabutis, a sexagem geralmente é feita de acordo com características secundárias, como morfologia do plastrão ou técnicas de eversão do falo. Neste artigo, apresentamos o método de eversão do falo e comparamos sua eficiência com outras técnicas existentes. Este novo método visa encurtar o tempo de manejo e reduzir os efeitos colaterais físicos nos animais, promovendo o manejo clínico e reprodutivo do cágado-de-barbicha (Phrynops geoffroanus) e espécies relacionadas. Uma amostra de cinquenta indivíduos foi coletada na região central do estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil. O método proposto consiste em remover a cabeça de sua posição de repouso. Os métodos que obtiveram índice de sucesso superior a 80% foram comparados entre si quanto ao tempo de estimulação necessário para a eversão do falo. O método aqui proposto alcançou 100% de eficiência na determinação do sexo de espécimes com comprimento de carapaça linear entre 10 e 34 cm. Além disso, quando comparado ao segundo método mais eficiente, reduziu substancialmente o tempo necessário para o manejo dos espécimes (91%), evitando possíveis sequelas nos indivíduos manuseados.
Anurans from the upper basins of the Rio Grande and Rio Preto: eastern portion of the Serra da Mantiqueira Environmental Protection Area, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Abstract The Neotropical zone stands out for having the greatest richness of amphibians in the world. About 625 species of anurans are known on Atlantic Forest. The southeastern mountainous regions of Brazil called Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira, are very important areas for the diversity of anurans in the country because they shelter remaining strata of the Atlantic Forest that have several endemic species. The present study aims to expand the knowledge about the Serra da Mantiqueira anurans, specifically from the Rio Preto and Rio Grande upper basins. The study area comprised 10 sample centers. We realized 38 campaigns, lasting two days each. During this period, we used active search as visual and auditory cues. The passive search was comprised of pitfall traps. Bioacoustic analyses were used to determine the cryptic species. The sufficiency of the sampling effort was estimated through the accumulation curve using Bootstrap and Jackknife-1 as estimators. During the study 55 species were found, 40 of them in the basin of the Rio Preto, and 44 in the basin of the Rio Grande. Twenty-nine species were found in both areas. The Hylidae family was predominant, followed by Leptodactylidae. In addition to species of the Atlantic Forest, the place houses typical components of the Cerrado biome and altitudinal swamps with unexpected sympatries. This inventory expands the area of occurrence of Scinax duartei, a species considered threatened. Although adjacent to the oldest national park in Brazil, the composition of anuran species of this area was unknown until then. Resumo A região Neotropical se destaca por possuir a maior riqueza de anfíbios do mundo. Cerca de 625 espécies de anuros são conhecidas na Mata Atlântica. As regiões montanhosas do sudeste do Brasil, denominadas Serra do Mar e Serra da Mantiqueira, são áreas muito importantes para a diversidade de anuros no país, pois abrigam estratos remanescentes da Mata Atlântica que possuem diversas espécies endêmicas. O presente estudo visa ampliar o conhecimento sobre os anuros da Serra da Mantiqueira, especificamente das altas bacias dos rios Preto e Grande. A área de estudo compreendeu 10 centros amostrais. Realizamos 38 campanhas, com duração de dois dias cada. Nesse período, utilizamos a busca ativa como pistas visuais e auditivas. A busca passiva foi composta por armadilhas de queda. Análises bioacústicas foram usadas para determinar as espécies crípticas. A suficiência do esforço amostral foi estimada através da curva de acumulação usando Bootstrap e Jackknife-1 como estimadores. Durante o estudo foram encontradas 55 espécies, sendo 40 delas na bacia do Rio Preto e 44 na bacia do Rio Grande. Vinte e nove espécies foram encontradas em ambas as bacias. A família Hylidae foi predominante, seguida por Leptodactylidae. Além de espécies da Mata Atlântica, o local abriga componentes típicos do bioma Cerrado e brejos de altitude com simpatrias inesperadas. Este inventário amplia a área de ocorrência de Scinax duartei, espécie considerada ameaçada. Embora adjacente ao parque nacional mais antigo do Brasil, a composição de espécies de anuros dessa área era desconhecida até então.
Gastroesophageal tube of the Iguana iguana (Iguanidae): histological description, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of 5-HT and SS cells
Abstract The work aims were to describe the histological and histochemical structure of the gastroesophageal tube of Iguana iguana and verify the occurrence and distribution of immunoreactive serotonin (5-HT) and somatostatin (SS) cells. Fragments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of five iguanas were which underwent standard histological and immunohistochemistry technique. Immunoreactive cells for 5-HT and SS were quantified using the STEPanizer. The oesophagus has ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium with staining Alcian blue (AB) + and goblet cells highly reactive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS). In the cervical oesophagus, the numerical density of 5-HT cells per unit area (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) was 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 and celomatic oesophagus presented QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. The epithelium of the stomach is simple columnar, PAS and AB +. The cranial and middle regions of the stomach presented (QA [5-HT cells]/µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 and the caudal region, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. The SS cells were only observed in the caudal stomach, with numerical density (QA [SS cells]/µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9 In I. iguana, variation was observed in terms of the distribution of mucus secretions and the pattern of occurrence of serotonin and somatostatin-secreting enteroendocrine cells in the TGI, which possibly will result in an interspecific adaptive response. Resumo Os objetivos do trabalho foram descrever a estrutura histológica e histoquímica do tubo gastroesofágico da Iguana iguana e verificar a ocorrência e distribuição de células serotonina (5-HT) e somatostatina (SS) imunorreativas. Fragmentos do trato gastrointestinal (TGI) de cinco iguanas foram submetidos à técnica histológica e imunohistoquímica padrão. As células imunorreativas para 5-HT e SS foram quantificadas usando o STEPanizer. O esôfago apresenta epitélio pseudoestratificado colunar ciliado Alcian blue (AB) positivo, com células caliciformes altamente reativas ao ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). No esôfago cervical, a densidade numérica de células 5-HT por unidade de área (QA [células 5-HT] / µm2) foi de 4.6x10-2 ± 2.0 e o esôfago celomático apresentou QA = 4.0x10-2 ± 1.0. O epitélio do estômago é colunar simples, PAS e AB positivo. As regiões cranial e média do estômago apresentaram (QA [células 5-HT] / µm2) = 6.18x10-2 ± 3.2 e a região caudal, QA = 0.6x10-2 ± 0.2. As células SS foram observadas apenas no estômago caudal, com densidade numérica (QA [células SS] / µm2) = 1.4x10-2 ± 0.9. Em I. iguana, foi observada variações em termos da distribuição das secreções de muco e padrão de ocorrência das células enteroendócrinas secretoras de serotonina e somatostatina no TGI, o que possivelmente reflete uma resposta adaptativa interespecifica.
Acoustic niche partitioning in an anuran community from the municipality of Floriano, Piauí, Brazil
Abstract Vocalizations are an important trait for the identification of cryptic and/or closely related amphibian species. Different vocalizations also contribute to partitioning of the acoustic space by sympatric species. This study aimed to describe the advertisement calls of anurans in a pond of the municipality of Floriano, State of Piauí, Brazil, and infer the acoustic niche partitioning of amphibians. Euclidean distance was used in a cluster analysis approach to infer the acoustic similarities among species. Thirteen species were analysed: Boana raniceps, Dendropsophus nanus, D. rubicundulus , D. minutus, Leptodactylus fuscus, L. troglodytes, L. vastus, Pithecopus nordestinus , Physalaemus cuvieri, P. nattereri, Pleurodema diplolister, Proceratophrys cristiceps and Scinax ruber. From these, six showed more than 90% of acoustic overlap: P. nattereri , P. cuvieri, L. fuscus and L. vastus (Leptodactylidae); and, D. nanus and D. rubicundulus (Hylidae). Despite the acoustic similarities among these six species, the acoustic interference was reduced due to the small number of sympatric species and to distinct features on carrier frequency such as dominant frequency and the degree of modulation in the frequency. Environmental factors limit the periods and sites of reproduction respectively, which may maintain the low anuran diversity and consequently reduce acoustic overlap. Resumo A vocalização é um componente importante na identificação de espécies crípticas e/ou proximamente relacionadas de anfíbios anuros. Diferenças na bioacústica também contribuem para o particionamento do espaço acústico entre espécies simpátricas. Este estudo descreve o canto de anúncio de anuros em uma lagoa temporária do município de Floriano, Estado do Piauí, Brasil, além de buscar inferir o particionamento do nicho acústico entre essas espécies. Para tanto, foi utilizada a distância Euclidiana para compor uma análise de conglomerados e avaliar a similaridade/dissimilaridade da bioacústica da anurofauna. Treze espécies foram amostradas: Boana raniceps, Dendropsophus nanus, D. rubicundulus , D. minutus, Leptodactylus fuscus, L. troglodytes, L. vastus, Pithecopus nordestinus , Physalaemus cuvieri, P. nattereri, Pleurodema diplolister, Proceratophrys cristiceps e Scinax ruber. Destas, seis apresentaram mais de 90% de sobreposição acústica: P. nattereri, P. cuvieri, L. fuscus e L. vastus (Leptodactylidae); e, D. nanus e D. rubicundulus (Hylidae). Apesar da similaridade acústica entre essas seis espécies, a interferência é reduzida devido ao pequeno número de espécies simpátricas e certas características distintas na frequência do canto, tais como: frequência dominante e sua modulação. Fatores ambientais específicos do semiárido limitam os períodos e sítios reprodutivos, o que mantém baixa diversidade de espécies e consequentemente reduz a sobreposição no nicho acústico.
Photoelectrochemical sensor for determination of naringin at low oxidation potential using a modified FTO electrode with cadmium sulfide and titanium dioxide sensitized with chloroprotoporphyrin IX iron(III)
Naringin is a flavanone that has been studied due to its important properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-viral, hypolipidemic, and anti-carcinogenic. Considering the extreme importance of the effects of this compound, the present work describes the development of a photoelectrochemical sensor for the determination of naringin at a zero-biased fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode modified with cadmium sulfide (CdS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) sensitized with chloroprotoporphyrin IX iron(III) (CPPI). The photoelectrochemical sensor was designated as CPPI-TiO2/CdS/FTO. A LED lamp of 20 W was used as irradiation source of the photoelectrochemical system. CdS film was electrodeposited on the electrode surface FTO and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The composite CPPI-TiO2 was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. After optimization of experimental parameters, the sensor presented a detection limit of 0.03 μmol L−1 and a wide linear response range for the determination of the analyte, i.e., from 1 to 332 μmol L−1 at low potential (0 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The photoelectrochemical sensor was applied in citrus fruit juice samples presenting good accuracy and precision.
Estimation of a closed population size of tadpoles in temporary pond
Abstract The practice of capture-recapture to estimate the diversity is well known to many animal groups, however this practice in the larval phase of anuran amphibians is incipient. We aimed at evaluating the Lincoln estimator, Venn diagram and Bayes theorem in the inference of population size of a larval phase anurocenose from lotic environment. The adherence of results was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The marking of tadpoles for later recapture and methods measurement was made with eosin methylene blue. When comparing the results of Lincoln-Petersen estimator corresponding to the Venn diagram and Bayes theorem, we detected percentage differences per sampling, i.e., the proportion of sampled anuran genera is kept among the three methods, although the values are numerically different. By submitting these results to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test we have found no significant differences. Therefore, no matter the estimator, the measured value is adherent and estimates the total population. Together with the marking methodology, which did not change the behavior of tadpoles, the present study helps to fill the need of more studies on larval phase of amphibians in Brazil, especially in semi-arid northeast. Resumo A prática de captura-recaptura para a estimação da diversidade é bem conhecida para diversos grupos animais, porém na fase larvar de anfíbios anuros essa prática é incipiente. Objetivamos avaliar os métodos do estimador de Lincoln, diagrama de Venn e o teorema de Bayes na inferência do tamanho populacional de uma anurocenose em fase larvar de ambiente lótico. A aderência dos resultados foi avaliada através do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A marcação dos girinos para posterior recaptura e aferição dos métodos foi feita com eosina de azul de metileno. Ao compararmos os resultados do estimador de Lincoln que corresponde com o do diagrama de Venn e com o teorema de Bayes detectamos diferenças percentuais por amostragem, isto é, a manutenção da proporção dos gêneros de anuros amostrados é mantida entre os três métodos, embora com valores numericamente diferentes. Ao submetermos esses resultados ao teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov não encontramos diferenças significativas. Logo, qualquer que seja o estimador o valor aferido é aderente e estima a população total. Aliado à metodologia de marcação que não alterou o comportamento dos girinos, o presente estudo ajuda a preencher a necessidade de mais estudos na fase larvar dos anfíbios no Brasil, em especial no semiárido nordestino.
Improved cognitive and motor development in a community-based intervention of psychosocial stimulation in northeast Brazil
The aim of the study was to compare the development of children with and without a programme of psychosocial stimulation in ‘control’ and ‘intervention’ sites in a poorly resourced area of northeast Brazil. The sample (n=156, born 1998) was from a larger cohort. The cohort was tested at 12 months (baseline) with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. All children in the intervention site with a mental development index (MDI) and/or psychomotor development index (PDI) [les ]100 were enrolled. Each time such a child was enrolled, the next child tested in that site of the same sex and with an index of 101 to 115 was also enrolled, and the next two children matched for sex and scores of [les ]100 and 101 to 115 in the control sites were recruited in parallel. The intervention comprised 14 contacts between 13 and 17 months of age. All children were tested again at age 18 months. The intervention and control groups were similar at baseline for a range of socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, and biological variables, and their MDI and PDI were also similar. At 18 months, the mean differences between the intervention and control groups were +9.4 points for MDI and +8.2 points for PDI (p<0.001 in each case). For children with an initial score of [les ]100, the mean difference between the intervened and control groups was +11.2 points for MDI (p<0.001), and +10.8 points for PDI (p=0.001). The intervention was thus associated with significant improvements in cognitive and motor development.
Some Extended Classes of Distributions: Characterizations and Properties
Based on a simple relationship between two truncated moments and certain functions of the th order statistic, we characterize some extended classes of distributions recently proposed in the statistical literature, videlicet Beta-G, Gamma-G, Kumaraswamy-G and McDonald-G. Several properties of these extended classes and some special cases are discussed. We compare these classes in terms of goodness-of-fit criteria using some baseline distributions by means of two real data sets.
Morphometrics and ratio of body proportionality of tadpoles of Rhinella icterica (Anura, Bufonidae) at different developmental stages
The plasticity of the anurans' development is probably related to their great ecological and geographic diversity. Therefore, the understanding of environmental occupation by tadpoles is related to their morphological peculiarities. We evaluated the morphologic development of the larval phases 23, 25, 30, 37, 39 and 42 of Rhinella icterica with the aim of establishing the ratio of growth, the increase in corporal mass in relation to growth and the isometry of the corporal variables for each evaluated stage. We submitted the corporal variables to the Multivariate Allometry and the relation between these variables was evaluated using the Principal Components Analysis. We verified the isometric growth and correlation between the different variables, evaluated the growth according to the body mass and established the proportionality ratio between the corporal regions. Each corporal region evaluated presented a fixed proportionality ratio, regardless of the stage, and the size of this portion was found when its proportionality index was multiplied by the tadpole's total length. This study demonstrates that the larval phase of R. icterica presents an isometric growth with proportional development of the corporal parts regardless of the evaluated stage. A plasticidade do desenvolvimento dos anuros é em razão, provavelmente, da sua grande diversidade ecológica e geográfica, além de que a compreensão da ocupação do ambiente por suas larvas está relacionada às suas peculiaridades morfológicas intra e interespecíficas. Avaliamos aqui o desenvolvimento morfológico das fases larvais 23, 25, 30, 37, 39 e 42 de Rhinella icterica, objetivando estabelecer as suas razões de crescimento, o aumento da massa em relação ao crescimento e a isometria de desenvolvimento corporal para cada estágio avaliado. Para tal, submetemos as variáveis corpóreas à Alometria Multivariada, sendo o relacionamento entre essas variáveis avaliado pela análise dos Componentes Principais. Verificamos a isometria do crescimento e a correlação entre as diversas variáveis, além de avaliarmos o crescimento em função da massa corpórea e estabelecermos a razão de proporcionalidade entre as regiões corpóreas. Cada região corpórea avaliada apresentou uma razão de proporcionalidade fixa, independente do estágio, sendo o tamanho dessa região encontrada quando seu índice de proporcionalidade era multiplicado pelo comprimento total. Este estudo demonstra que a fase larvar de R. icterica apresenta crescimento isométrico com desenvolvimento proporcional das regiões corpóreas independentemente do estágio avaliado.