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It is well-known that the activated thin-layer capping covering by secondary capping of contaminated sediment poses a threat to the inactivation of activated material. In this study, the static simulation experiment was conducted to study the effect of secondary capping thickness by sediment on the control of TP release from the sediment by aluminum-based P-inactivation agent (Al-PIA), and to propose the phosphorus adsorption pathway of Al-PIA. The results showed that Al-PIA could effectively reduce the release of phosphorus pollutants from the sediment at the capping intensity of 2 kg/m 2 . When the secondary capping thickness of sediment were 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 15 mm, the average removal rates of TP were 87.57%, 76.39%, 61.22%, 51.32%, 41.93%, and 32.11%, respectively, indicating that the removal efficiency of phosphorus decreased with the increase of the secondary capping thickness of the sediment. The adsorbed phosphorus by Al-PIA was mainly non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) in inorganic phosphorus. With the increase of the secondary capping thickness of sediment, the NAIP proportion of phosphorus adsorbed by Al-PIA increased. Meanwhile, the removal rate of phosphorus in the activated capping system showed a first increase and then decrease trend, and the removal rates of total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), and organic phosphorus (OP) were obvious except for that of organic phosphorus (OP).

Background This study aimed to identify key risk factors in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients receiving radical radiotherapy and to evaluate the prognostic significance of MRI-determined tumor volume regression (TVR) among varying risk groups. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 176 cervical cancer patients (stages IIA-IVA) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy from January 2012 to December 2020. Three-dimensional MRI scans were utilized to measure TVR and lymph node volume regression (NVR). Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to assess overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Prognostic factors were further analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results A tumor TVR of ≥ 94% was significantly associated with improved 5-year overall survival (OS; 82.7% vs. 49.8%, p  < 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS; 82.5% vs. 51.1%, p  < 0.001). Patients with TVR ≥ 94% also demonstrated superior LRFS and DMFS compared to those with TVR < 94% ( p  < 0.001 and p  = 0.012, respectively). In the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) subgroup, higher TVR correlated with better prognosis, whereas in patients receiving radiotherapy alone, an increased TVR did not significantly impact OS. Notably, the prognostic value of TVR was most evident in patients with CYFRA21-1 levels below 7.7 ng/ml. In the NVR ≥ 94% subgroup, OS, PFS, and LRFS were significantly better than in patients with NVR < 94% ( p  < 0.01), with a trend towards improved DMFS observed ( p  = 0.138). Conclusion TVR serves as a pivotal prognostic marker in LACC patients with CYFRA21-1 levels below 7.7 ng/ml undergoing CCRT. Additionally, within the lymph node metastasis subgroup, patients achieving a NVR of ≥ 94% demonstrated a notably improved prognosis.

* Lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) can effectively absorb phosphorus (P). * Water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) capping is effective for controlling P release. *Aluminum-based P-inactivation agent (Al-PIA) is an efficient P control material. *The P adsorbed by WTPS and Al-PIA is mainly in the form of NAIP. We determined the effects of quartz sand (QS), water treatment plant sludge (WTPS), aluminum-based P-inactivation agent (Al-PIA), and lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB) thin-layer capping on controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release from the sediment, using a static simulation experiment. The sediment in the experiment was sampled from Yundang Lagoon (Xiamen, Fujian Province, China), which is a eutrophic waterbody. The total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 +-N), and total organic carbon (TOC) levels in the overlying water were measured at regular intervals, and the changes of different P forms in WTPS, Al-PIA, and sediment of each system were analyzed before and after the test. The average TP reduction rates of LMB, Al-PIA, WTPS, and QS were 94.82, 92.14, 86.88, and 10.68%, respectively, when the release strength of sediment TP was 2.26-9.19 mg/(m 2·d) and the capping strength of the materials was 2 kg/m 2. Thin-layer capping of LMB, WTPS, and Al-PIA could effectively control P release from the sediment ( P<0.05). However, thin-layer capping of LMB, Al-PIA, and QS did not significantly reduce the release of ammonium N and organic matter ( P > 0.05). Based on our results, LMB, Al-PIA, and WTPS thin-layer capping promoted the migration and transformation of easily released P in sediment. The P adsorbed by WTPS and Al-PIA mainly occurred in the form of NAIP.

PurposeThis work aimed to (i) investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on controlling the release of phosphorus from sediment and (ii) interpret the phosphorus migration and transformation mechanism in the Al-PHOSLOCK thin-layer capping system.MethodsA 35-day laboratory dynamic simulation experiment was conducted by applying the Al-PHOSLOCK thin-layer capping to evaluate the effect of HRT on interrupting the release of phosphorus from contaminated sediments. The total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP), and apatite phosphorus (AP) were identified as different phosphorus species and analyzed during the experiment to further elucidate the migration and transformation of phosphorus.Results and discussionThe release of phosphorus from contaminated sediment was successfully suppressed by the Al-PHOSLOCK capping layer with an efficiency of higher than 90%. The HRT exerted a dual role on phosphorus controlling: at low HRT, slight water flow facilitated phosphorus migrating out from sediment and diffusing to the overlying water; at high HRT, the migration of phosphorus from overlying water back to sediment was strengthened. It was demonstrated that the phosphorus release was effectively controlled by the Al-PHOSLOCK thin-layer capping under different HRT conditions (static, 0.5 d, 1.0 d, and 3.0 d). The mechanism of phosphorus migration and transformation in the Al-PHOSLOCK thin-layer capping system was elucidated, including three significant stages of physical interception, adsorption, and capture/hold/transform process.ConclusionThis study verified the good capacity of the Al-PHOSLOCK capping system for controlling the release of sediment phosphorus under different HRT. Therefore, it was expected to be a promising approach in the handling of water eutrophication.

Background The SEC61 translocon gamma subunit (SEC61G) is a component of the SEC61 complex, which import protein into the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the correlation between SEC61G and disease prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. Methods SEC61G expression was analyzed using publicly available datasets. The association between SEC61G and disease prognosis was evaluated. SEC61G methylation and copy number variation were investigated and gene set enrichment analysis and gene ontology analyses identified SEC61G‐associated functions. We also investigated the correlation between SEC61G and immune cell infiltration. Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to detect SEC61G expression in oropharyngeal carcinoma. Results SEC61G was overexpressed in pan‐cancers, including HNSCC, and negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001 for TCGA‐HNSCC and p = 0.019 for GSE65858). Moreover, SEC61G was an independent prognostic factor for OS in TCGA and GSE65858 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.35–2.39, p < 0.001; HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.14–3.07, p = 0.013, respectively). SEC61G DNA amplification (9.66% of patients) was significantly associated with poor OS (p = 0.034). SEC61G overexpression and DNA amplification negatively correlated with B cell (p < 0.001), CD8+ T cell (p < 0.001), CD4+ T cell (p < 0.001), macrophage (p < 0.05), neutrophil (p < 0.001), and dendritic cell infiltration (p < 0.001). Among patients with metastatic urothelial cancer received atezolizumab, patients with high SEC61G expression had an inferior OS (p = 0.006). Furthermore, SEC61G protein expression was also an independent prognostic factor of OS (HR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.15–5.28, p = 0.021) and progression‐free survival (HR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.36–5.85, p = 0.005) for oropharyngeal cancer. Conclusions SEC61G is overexpressed in HNSCC and is an independent prognostic factor for OS. SEC61G DNA amplification contributes to overexpression and poor outcome. Interestingly, SEC61G correlates with immune cell infiltration in HNSCC. These findings suggest that SEC61G is a potential broad‐spectrum biomarker for prognosis in HNSCC. SEC61G expression in oropharyngeal cancer tissues was higher than in normal adjacent tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed that patients with high SEC61G expression had a lower overall survival and progression‐free survival than did patients with low SEC61G expression.

Purpose To compare dosimetric characteristics and treatment efficiency between the high‐definition multileaf collimator (HD‐MLC) system and robotic radiosurgery (RRS) for brain metastases, with stratified analysis by lesion count. Methods Twenty‐nine patients (12 single [SBM], 17 multiple [MBM] brain metastases) treated with RRS (CyberKnife) were re‐planned using a linear accelerator (LINAC) with 2.5‐mm micro‐MLC (D2SRS system). Key indices included target parameters (RTOG conformity index [RTOG CI], Paddick conformity index [Paddick CI], homogeneity index [HI], gradient index [GI], dose at 2 cm outside the target [D2cm]) and normal brain doses (V12Gy, V20Gy, V30Gy). The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used (p < 0.05). Results In SBM, RTOG CI, Paddick CI, and GI showed no significant differences, but Paddick CI favored RRS for tumor volume (TV) < 80 cc and D2SRS for TV > 80 cc. D2SRS had better HI (0.08 ± 0.02 vs. 0.12 ± 0.03, p < 0.01); RRS had lower D2cm (18.2 ± 5.5 Gy vs. 23.8 ± 6.7 Gy, p = 0.008), V12Gy (5.3 ± 2.1 cc vs. 8.7 ± 3.5 cc, p < 0.01), and V20Gy (18.47 ± 21.17 cc vs. 35.30 ± 53.85 cc, p = 0.015), with similar V30Gy. D2SRS had shorter treatment time (TT) (8.2 ± 2.1 min vs. 26.8 ± 7.8 min, p < 0.01). In MBM, D2SRS outperformed RRS in RTOG CI (1.12 ± 0.21 vs. 1.45 ± 0.33, p = 0.007), Paddick CI (0.85 ± 0.11 vs. 0.68 ± 0.14, p = 0.007), and HI (0.07 ± 0.02 vs. 0.13 ± 0.03, p = 0.03). RRS had lower V12Gy (38.5 ± 12.6 cc vs. 48.1 ± 15.3 cc, p = 0.017), V20Gy (14.5 ± 4.2 cc vs. 21.3 ± 6.8 cc, p = 0.04), and V30Gy (14.99 ± 20.81 cc vs. 18.49 ± 23.19 cc, p = 0.026). D2SRS reduced TT by 77.3% (12.4 ± 3.5 min vs. 54.6 ± 15.2 min, p < 0.01). No significant differences in Dmax of the brainstem, optic nerves, or lenses were found. Conclusion RRS provides better normal brain protection in both groups, while D2SRS shows superior conformity and efficiency in MBM. Clinical selection should depend on lesion burden.

Aluminum-based P-inactivation agent (Al-PIA) is a highly effective material for phosphorus removal, which has great potential to restore eutrophic water bodies. In this study, active capping plate (ACP) was formed by mixing Al-PIA with cement and fly ash. The scour resistance coefficient of the prepared ACP was 98.01 % and the water permeability coefficient was 0.139 cm/s, which meet the requirements of strength and water permeability. Exogenous phosphorus was used as an input in the indoor dynamic experiment to examine the effectiveness of ACP capping to control phosphorus in sediment-water system. The indoor dynamic experiment lasted for 110 days. After experiment, the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH was explored, the change of phosphorus concentration in the overlying water was examined, and the changes of phosphorus in ACP and sediments were also analyzed. After ACP capping, the pH eventually maintained below 8 and was slightly higher than that of the control system. The DO concentration initially decreased, then increased, and finally remained in the range of 7 to 8 mg/L. Compared to the control system, the average reduction rates of total phosphorus (TP), dissolve total phosphorus (DTP) and dissolve inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in the overlying water were 90.57%, 91.69%, and 92.80%, respectively. ACP promotes the conversion of unstable phosphorus in sediments to stable phosphorus, and calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) is the main form of phosphorus fixed by ACP. In addition, ACP was found to have a limited effect on reducing the risk of release of biologically available phosphorus from sediments.

Bin Han and colleagues performed low-coverage sequencing of 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome. They have used this resource to carry out genome-wide association studies for 14 agronomic traits and identify 80 loci with strong association signals. Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ∼3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ∼36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.

Background This study aimed to describe the main clinical epidemiology, characteristics and treatment of pediatric maxillofacial fractures in different age groups. Methods This research was a retrospective study that was conducted for 15 years in a tertiary hospital for oral and maxillofacial surgery from southeast China. Age, sex, etiology, type of fracture, treatment and concomitant injury were collected and analyzed from the data of the enrolled patients aged 0-18 years. The patients were categorized into three groups: ≤6 years old, 7–12 years old, and 13–18 years old. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, Version 27. Results The incidence was 16.37% (n=346/2114) and a total of 341 patients with maxillofacial fractures were followed up for at least 6 months. Fall from a height (FAH) was the primary cause of maxillofacial fractures in 0-6 age group, whereas Fall at ground level (FAG) predominated in 7-18 age group. Among the mandibular fractures, isolated condylar fractures were predominantly unilateral (p < 0.001, Cramér's V= 0.439), whereas condylar fractures that occured alongside a symphysis fracture were more likely to be bilateral (p< 0.001, Cramér's V=0.297). Conclusions There were different clinical epidemiological features and characteristics of pediatric maxillofacial fractures in different age groups. And condylar fractures exhibit distinct pathogenic patterns and require specific therapeutic considerations. However,there were also some limitations in this retrospective study.

Background Manual landmark detection in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for evaluating craniofacial structures relies on medical expertise and is time-consuming. This study aimed to apply a new deep learning method to predict and locate soft and hard tissue craniofacial landmarks on CBCT in patients with various types of malocclusion. Methods A total of 498 CBCT images were collected. Following the calibration procedure, two experienced clinicians identified 43 landmarks in the x-, y-, and z-coordinate planes on the CBCT images using Checkpoint Software, creating the ground truth by averaging the landmark coordinates. To evaluate the accuracy of our algorithm, we determined the mean absolute error along the x-, y-, and z-axes and calculated the mean radial error (MRE) between the reference landmark and predicted landmark, as well as the successful detection rate (SDR). Results Each landmark prediction took approximately 4.2 s on a conventional graphics processing unit. The mean absolute error across all coordinates was 0.74 mm. The overall MRE for the 43 landmarks was 1.76 ± 1.13 mm, and the SDR was 60.16%, 91.05%, and 97.58% within 2-, 3-, and 4-mm error ranges of manual marking, respectively. The average MRE of the hard tissue landmarks (32/43) was 1.73 mm, while that for soft tissue landmarks (11/43) was 1.84 mm. Conclusions Our proposed algorithm demonstrates a clinically acceptable level of accuracy and robustness for automatic detection of CBCT soft- and hard-tissue landmarks across all types of malformations. The potential for artificial intelligence to assist in identifying three dimensional-CT landmarks in routine clinical practice and analysing large datasets for future research is promising.