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Sustainable education is a crucial aspect of creating a sustainable future, yet it faces several key challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and a lack of awareness and engagement. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address these challenges and enhance sustainable education by improving access to quality education, creating personalized learning experiences, and supporting data-driven decision-making. One outcome of using AI and Information Technology (IT) systems in sustainable education is the ability to provide students with personalized learning experiences that cater to their unique learning styles and preferences. Additionally, AI systems can provide teachers with data-driven insights into student performance, emotions, and engagement levels, enabling them to tailor their teaching methods and approaches or provide assistance or intervention accordingly. However, the use of AI and IT systems in sustainable education also presents challenges, including issues related to privacy and data security, as well as potential biases in algorithms and machine learning models. Moreover, the deployment of these systems requires significant investments in technology and infrastructure, which can be a challenge for educators. In this review paper, we will provide different perspectives from educators and information technology solution architects to connect education and AI technology. The discussion areas include sustainable education concepts and challenges, technology coverage and outcomes, as well as future research directions. By addressing these challenges and pursuing further research, we can unlock the full potential of these technologies and support a more equitable and sustainable education system.

A conversational chatbot or dialogue system is a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the Internet. These chatbots can be integrated into messaging apps, mobile apps, or websites, and are designed to engage in natural language conversations with users. There are also many applications in which chatbots are used for educational support to improve students’ performance during the learning cycle. The recent success of ChatGPT also encourages researchers to explore more possibilities in the field of chatbot applications. One of the main benefits of conversational chatbots is their ability to provide an instant and automated response, which can be leveraged in many application areas. Chatbots can handle a wide range of inquiries and tasks, such as answering frequently asked questions, booking appointments, or making recommendations. Modern conversational chatbots use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as natural language processing (NLP) and artificial neural networks, to understand and respond to users’ input. In this study, we will explore the objectives of why chatbot systems were built and what key methodologies and datasets were leveraged to build a chatbot. Finally, the achievement of the objectives will be discussed, as well as the associated challenges and future chatbot development trends.

Previous studies have demonstrated that summarization activities effectively enhance students' reading comprehension and learning performance. With the ongoing surge in the application of artificial intelligence in education, this study introduces a chatbot with generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) to assist students in reviewing Python programming concepts by refining the summary after class. Consequently, this study aims to assess the efficacy of the proposed a GenAI-enabled chatbot in enhancing the summarization ability and learning performance of novice programmers in college. Experimental results reveal that, the GenAI-enabled chatbot not only significantly improves students' programming coding performance but also significantly improves their summarization ability. It is noteworthy that students' summarization proficiency is not only elevated from the outset but also consistently progresses until the end. This study also identified that understanding the Python programming concepts of input/output operations and lists serves as predictors for learning performance in programming concept and coding, respectively. This emphasizes the significance of fundamental programming concept and a nuanced understanding of advanced data types in programming learning.

In this paper, a quick solution for measuring the volumetric errors of a precision machine is presented. It requires a laser tracker system and a plate including three caves on it. The laser tracker system can detect the coordinate of a sensor ball anywhere in the working space. The plate is fixed on the machine spindle. After installation, the spindle is moved toward the diagonal of the working space. The real movements are along the x, y, and z-axis directions, respectively; it will back to the diagonal line for one complete cycle motion. In each step movement, the spindle is stopped and the laser tracker detects the coordinates of the three caves by putting the target sensor ball into caves sequentially. By means of the coordinates, the volumetric errors at that position can be derived. The overall volumetric errors can be measured quickly by just one setup and many step movements with laser tracker detections.

This paper aimed at the characterization of the metallic composition and surface analysis of fuel rod Chalk River Unidentified Deposit (crud) for a BWR-6 unit at a nuclear power plant. In this study, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and gamma spectrometry were carried out to analyze the corrosion product distributions and to determine the elemental compositions along the fuel rod under conditions of hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) switched from normal water chemistry (NWC) as the reactor coolant. Most of the crud consisted of flakes and irregular shapes via scanning electron microscope morphology. The loosely adherent oxide layer was mostly composed of hematite (α-Fe2O3) with amorphous iron oxides, as determined using X-ray diffractometer results. The deposited amount of crud was the order of 0.2 mg/cm2, suggesting that the fuel surface of this plant under the HWC environment appeared to have lower crud deposition due to low feedwater iron levels. There was also no significant difference in comparison with the NWC condition.

The paper investigats the polarization properties and mechanical behavior of new piezoelectric polymer material plates by experimental procedures and finite element analysis. In this study, the PVDF materials are used to produce the piezoelectric polymer layer and the coating film, we have provided nice procedures for manufacturing piezoelectric polymer plates (PVDF). In order to find the proper proportion of the PVDF to achieve the best material properties, the mechanical behavior of displacements and stresses for the electrets is investigated by experimental measurement and finite element analysis (with ANSYS). It is investigated whether the thicknesses of specimens will affect the polarization. The paper is presented modal analysis techniques for piezoelectric thin plates.

The paper, summarizing studies presented in seven journal papers using the method of continuous analysis, is written to honor Professor Y.H. Pao of the Institute of Applied Mechanics at the National Taiwan University on his seventieth birthday for his many significant contributions and leadership in the field of mechanics. These seven papers contain investigations concerning stress, buckling, and vibration analyses of beams and plates having disbonds. The authors feel privileged to have this opportunity to join with Professor Pao's many friends, colleagues and students to participate in this joyous occasion. Being able to appear in this prestigious special issue of the Chinese Journal of Mechanics, the authors believe that the spread of each of the seven papers in the structural mechanics community must at least be increased by ten fold. Hence, the numbering of the reference papers is amplified by a factor of ten which amounts to a total number of seventy as being used in the listing of papers under References. We use this number of seventy to wish Professor Y.H. Pao to have many happy returns on his seventieth birthday.

本文主要研究臺灣法教信仰儀式文化，藉由茅山劉家教的儀式的信仰發展與融合，法教儀式中的自然崇拜與原始的祭星信仰，到人格化的星象神多重的文化建構，而建構下產生出法教的祭星科儀，透過儀式文化建構出的自然力崇拜，探討雷神信仰、法的建構，法教中有關雷的咒語，探討法教的儀式信仰，並透過相關經典建構詮釋法教儀式，以過關、訓乩、煮油儀式為主要探究。 茅山派是臺灣法教系統中較少聽聞的一個派別，因此想藉由本論文對閭山派以及茅山派於桃園週邊縣市、臺中地區的活動現象有所探究與紀錄。觀察儀式以過關、訓乩、煮油為主，主要觀察對象為茅山劉家教的兩位法師。 分為三大方向進行研究及資料收集。一為實地田野調查，確實記錄臺中與桃園茅山劉家教所施行之科儀法事現場實況；二為專人訪談，以茅山劉家教中林法師和黃法師為主要訪談對象，對其進行傳承之現況、師承脈絡、營務內容等有所瞭解。 本文共分為九個部分。第壹章緒論，主要是釐清研究的基礎，說明如何從事研究。第貳、參章，法教的巫覡特性，並且透過天地人三才，說明臺灣法教的神明譜系。第肆章說明茅山劉家教的傳承與其儀式的法器與修行等，第伍、陸、柒章，透過法事內容與宣行的紀錄，包括儀式流程、儀式的空間等相關事物。第捌章、第玖章，分析科儀中的儀式文化，以宗教信仰文化、民俗的關係、地方聚落的內容，進一步分析法教儀式特色以及法教儀式對於社會的作用情形，總結以上結論。

The non-classical HLA class Ⅰ antigen HLA-G is an immune modulator which inhibits the functions of T cells, NK cells, and the Dendritic cells （DC）. As a result, HLA-G expression in malignant cells may provide them with a mechanism to escape the immune surveillance. In melanoma, HLA-G antigen expression has been found in 30% of surgically removed lesions but in less than 1% of established cell lines. One possible mechanism underlying the differential HLA-G expression in vivo and in vitro is that the HLA-G gene is epigenetically repressed in melanoma cells in vitro. To test this hypothesis, we treated the HLA-G negative melanoma cell line OCM-1A with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2＇-deoxycytidine （5-AC） and analyzed whether HLA-G expression can be restored. Our data strongly suggest that HLA-G is silenced as a result of CpG hypermethylation within a 5＇ regulatory region encompassing 220 bp upstream of the start codon. After treatment, HLA-G mRNA expression was dramatically increased. Western blot and flow cytometry showed that HLA-G protein was induced. Interestingly, HLA-G cell surface expression on the 5-AC treated OCM-1A cells is much less than that on the HLA-G positive JEG-3 cells while a similar amount of total HLA-G was observed. Possible mechanisms for the difference were analyzed in the study such as cell cold-treatment, peptide loading and antigen processing machinery components （APM） as well as β2 microglobulin （β2-m） expression. Data revealed that the APM component calreticulin might be involved in the lower HLA-G surface expression on OCM-1A cells. Taken together, our results indicated that DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism by which HLA-G antigen expression is modulated in melanoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, to the first time, we hypothesized that the deficiency of calreticulin might be involved in the low HLA-G surface expression on the 5-AC treated OCM-1A cells.

本文以印尼西加里曼丹孟加影縣（Bengkayang County）橫屏山〔Pasar Gunung (Bang Phin San)〕的神壇調查，及山口洋（Singkawang）一些特殊神壇藉以參照，增加本研究的田野調查資料，在地理研究上屬於區域地理研究，以存在空間為基礎論述，透過前人研究了解印尼西加里曼丹乩童的特殊性，並且以社會關係來了解當地客家乩童的區域特色，解釋客家乩童儀式所產生的華人空間記憶。 以地理學三大傳為統的研究觀點，及空間所產生的宗教現象究竟為何？那為何是這樣的變異，而這樣的區域又有什麼特色，在研究過程中，印尼西加里曼丹橫屏山的乩童，除了保有原鄉傳統的傳承，也已經和當地信仰文化結合，產生在地化、土著化的過程，以當地山為主要調查區域，印尼客家乩童信仰研究為中心，透過紮根理論，呈現印尼西加里曼丹客家民間信仰中乩童和族際的互動，釐清印尼西加客家乩童信仰，再加入其他族群的信仰過程之後，呈現多元族群在祭祀組織、儀式、廟會等面向中的互動情景，最後在結語部分闡釋，印尼西加里曼丹客家乩童構築的多元互動網路，以及形成的交錯互動關係。 論文的主體內容，分為三大部分，第一部份，橫屏山當地神壇及其神聖空間，第二部分，印尼國家政策影響下華人和華人信仰的形成，第三部分，印尼客家民間信仰儀式的空間性與區域轉變的展開。而印尼西加里曼丹客家乩童信仰的形成，如此政策影響下的互動，主要在祭祀、儀式以及廟會三個層面展開。 其中互動主體，主要有印尼國家政策影響下，印尼西加里曼丹華人和客家民間信仰，包括華人與民間信仰的空間和記憶，這部分內容主要分佈在第三章和第四章；上述分析的基礎上，歸納印尼客家乩童信仰構築的特徵互動，最終形成了華人文化上，多元融合與地域上的空間記憶與認同。