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We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D-meson, B-meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor f+(0) arising in the semileptonic K→π transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio fK/fπ and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements Vus and Vud. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of SU(2)L×SU(2)R and SU(3)L×SU(3)R Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the BK parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for mc and mb as well as those for D- and B-meson decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant αs. Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing results for nucleon matrix elements of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal.

Although it is known that high uric acid (UA) level is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), most of the previous studies were focused on adults. Since aging becomes a major problem for many societies, in this longitudinal study, we investigated the role of UA in future T2DM and MetS in a large cohort of people who were older than 65 years. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. 18,907 elderly (9,732 men, 9,175 women) aged above 65 years, enrolled from health check-up centers, were classified into three subgroups by 10-year intervals (young old 65-74 years, YO; old old 75-84 years, OO; and oldest old 85-94 years, ODO), with the average follow-up period of 4.3 years. The optimal cut-off values (CoVs) of baseline UA to predict future MetS and T2DM were determined by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Using these CoVs of UA, the participants were divided into normal- and high-level groups of UA. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the subjects with a high level of UA for the risk of future MetS and T2DM. In addition, Kaplan-Meier plots and log rank test were used to evaluate the time effect on the incidence of developing MetS and T2DM between the two groups. In ROC curve analysis, the optimal CoVs of baseline UA were 6.0, 6.3 and 6.7 mg/dl in YO, OO, and ODO men, respectively; 5.5 and 4.9 mg/dl in YO and OO women, respectively (all p < 0.05). However, the CoVs of UA in ODO women (6.1 mg/dl) failed to show its discriminant power (p = 0.13). The Cox regression analysis showed the YO subjects with a higher baseline level of UA had a higher risk of developing MetS (HRs 1.56 and 1.58 for men and women, respectively, both p < 0.001); as for T2DM the HRs were 1.39 and 1.57. In OO men, the HRs was 1.89 for developing future MetS. However, no significant findings could be noted in the ODO group. Kaplan-Meier plots and log rank test also showed the same findings. Our study showed that old subjects with high levels of UA will have a higher chance to have MetS and T2DM, particularly in the YO group (6.0 mg/dl for men and 5.5 mg/dl for women, respectively). Using UA as one of the metabolic biomarkers may help clinicians to early detect and prevent MetS and diabetes.

We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D - and B -meson physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the particle-physics community. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor f + ( 0 ) , arising in the semileptonic K → π transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio f K / f π and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements V u s and V u d . Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of S U ( 2 ) L × S U ( 2 ) R and S U ( 3 ) L × S U ( 3 ) R Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the B K parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. The latter quantities are an addition compared to the previous review. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for m c and m b (also new compared to the previous review), as well as those for D - and B -meson-decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. Finally, we review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant α s .

We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D- and B-meson physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the particle-physics community. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor \\[f_+(0)\\], arising in the semileptonic \\[K \\] transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio \\[f_K/f_ \\] and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements \\[V_us\\] and \\[V_ud\\]. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of \\[SU(2)_L SU(2)_R\\] and \\[SU(3)_L SU(3)_R\\] Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the \\[B_K\\] parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. The latter quantities are an addition compared to the previous review. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for \\[m_c\\] and \\[m_b\\] (also new compared to the previous review), as well as those for D- and B-meson-decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. Finally, we review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant \\[ _s\\].

Summary Introduction It is well known that higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This relationship still exists even the FPG is within the normal range. However, most of these studies did not exclude subjects who were on medications which would affect the results of the studies. At the same time, there is no longitudinal study done to validate this correlation, especially in elderly. In this study, the relationships between normal FPG and MetS were evaluated. Method We randomly selected 57,517 subjects who were ≥ 60‐years old from health screening centre. In the first part of study, subjects were enrolled in the cross‐sectional study to find out the optimal cut‐off value of FPG with higher chances to have MetS. In the second part of current study, subjects with MetS at baseline were excluded from the same study group, and performed a median 5.3‐year longitudinal study. Results There were 18,287 subjects enrolled in this study. In the first part of study, the cross‐sectional study, optimal cut‐off values of FPG were determined by the ROC curve and the sensitivity for these cut‐off values were 56.6% in men and 60.9% in women, respectively. The result showed that lower FPG is healthier than the higher (log‐rank test, p < 0.001). During the follow‐up period, 5039 subjects showed hazard ratios of 2.09 for men and 1.884 for women developing future MetS. Conclusion Our study is the first longitudinal design in elderly and showed that older subjects with higher FPG proved to have higher risk of Mets even the FPG is still within its normal range.

We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D -meson, B -meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor f + ( 0 ) arising in the semileptonic K → π transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio f K / f π and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements V us and V ud . Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of S U ( 2 ) L × S U ( 2 ) R and S U ( 3 ) L × S U ( 3 ) R Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the B K parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for m c and m b as well as those for D - and B -meson decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant α s . Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing results for nucleon matrix elements of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal.

Summary Objective Type‐2 diabetes is mainly the metabolic defect involving multiple organs. To conclude their intricate relationships, the term ‘ominous octet’ had been proposed to denote this phenomenon. In this study, we enrolled older men without any medications for MetS components to further elucidate the relationships between normoglycaemic state and MetS. Methods We enrolled male subjects with FPG less than 100 mg/dl and aged 65 and older undergoing routine health check‐ups in Taiwan. After excluding subjects taking medications that might affect the components of MetS, a total of 6679 men were eligible for the analysis. Study subjects were further grouped into FPG tertiles (< 91 mg/dl, 92–95 mg/dl and > 95 mg/dl for tertil 1, tertil 2 and tertil 3, respectively). Results There was a significant trend between the FPG and percentages of subjects having MetS (p = 0.009). The relationships between the MetS components were higher in FPG 2 and FPG 3 than FPG 1. In simple correlation, all of the MetS and LDL‐C were positively correlated with FPG level and multiple regression further confirmed the same result except for HDL‐C that became non‐significant. Subjects in FPG3 had significantly higher ORs (ORs = 1.19) for having MetS than those in FPG1. Conclusions In conclusion, higher FPG still had higher risk of having MetS in normoglycaemic range in elderly male. More strict FPG level control may be valuable in CVD prevention and warrants further investigations.

Middle-third helical rim defects may arise from trauma or oncological resection, and pose a challenging reconstructive problem. Reconstructing defects larger than 2 cm using traditional methods commits patients to the inconvenience of staged procedures. This paper describes a single-stage helical rim reconstruction technique using a post-auricular bipedicled flap and ipsilateral conchal cartilage graft for delayed middle-third helical rim reconstruction. Two examples of this technique used in post-trauma and oncological reconstruction cases are presented, with pre- and post-operative photographs provided for demonstration. Contralateral graft harvest and staged operations for helical rim reconstruction are associated with donor site morbidity and the inconvenience of multiple operations to achieve the desired reconstructive outcome. Our single-stage helical rim reconstruction technique was well tolerated by patients, and showed satisfactory aesthetic results in terms of size and symmetry.