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Treatment of grating stimulation has been used in amblyopia for decades, but high dropout rate and inconvenience for daily practice occur in previous studies. We developed a home-based portable system with rotating grating stimulation on a tablet. Thirty anisometropic amblyopic children were randomly allocated into the control or Grating group. They drew contour of the picture under patch of a better eye for 6 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), grating acuity (GA), and contrast sensitivity (CS) were assessed at the baseline, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th months of training. All participants completed the 6-month training. Patched eyes of both groups exhibited no difference. Trained eyes of the control group had significantly slight improvement in BCVA and GA. In particular, the Grating group exhibited significantly higher BCVA, GA, and CS compared with those of the control group at the 3rd and 6th months of training. Moreover, percentage of the Grating group with great improvement (BCVA ≥ 0.3 or CS ≥ 0.3) was significantly larger than those of the control group at the 3rd or 6th months of training. The portable grating stimulation system demonstrates its trainability by no dropout and effectiveness by significant improvements in all assessments through a well experimental design. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04213066, registered 30/12/2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04213066 .

The study presents an ammonia microsensor integrated with a readout circuit on-a-chip fabricated using the commercial 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The integrated sensor chip consists of a heater, an ammonia sensor and a readout circuit. The ammonia sensor is constructed by a sensitive film and the interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film is zirconium dioxide that is coated on the interdigitated electrodes. The heater is used to provide a working temperature to the sensitive film. A post-process is employed to remove the sacrificial layer and to coat zirconium dioxide on the sensor. When the sensitive film adsorbs or desorbs ammonia gas, the sensor produces a change in resistance. The readout circuit converts the resistance variation of the sensor into the output voltage. The experiments show that the integrated ammonia sensor has a sensitivity of 4.1 mV/ppm.

Recently, software security issues become more and more important, and fuzz testing is an efficient tool to test software for malicious vulnerabilities. It generates a large number of randomly inputs and guild fuzz with coverage guide. For example, the well-known fuzz testing tool, American Fuzzy Lop (AFL). However, most of fuzz testing tool do not take into account the issue of multiple parameters. And, SQ-Fuzz,multi-parameter fuzz testing tool, dealt with this issue. It is based on AFL and selects parameters randomly. In this paper, we propose a new way of selecting parameters, using the same seeds to execute different parameters to obtain code coverage and then using cluster, MeanShift, to generalize the relationship between parameters. It can reduce the number of execution of similar parameters. In addition, Guan-Fuzz is based on AFL and optimizes forkserver in multi-parameter situation.The experimental results show that Guan-fuzz has 86% and 12% higher program coverage than AFL and SQ-Fuzz in average. Gu

The study presents an ammonia microsensor integrated with a readout circuit on-a-chip fabricated using the commercial 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The integrated sensor chip consists of a heater, an ammonia sensor and a readout circuit. The ammonia sensor is constructed by a sensitive film and the interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film is zirconium dioxide that is coated on the interdigitated electrodes. The heater is used to provide a working temperature to the sensitive film. A post-process is employed to remove the sacrificial layer and to coat zirconium dioxide on the sensor. When the sensitive film adsorbs or desorbs ammonia gas, the sensor produces a change in resistance. The readout circuit converts the resistance variation of the sensor into the output voltage. The experiments show that the integrated ammonia sensor has a sensitivity of 4.1 mV/ppm.

The study presents an ammonia microsensor integrated with a readout circuit on-a-chip fabricated using the commercial 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The integrated sensor chip consists of a heater, an ammonia sensor and a readout circuit. The ammonia sensor is constructed by a sensitive film and the interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film is zirconium dioxide that is coated on the interdigitated electrodes. The heater is used to provide a working temperature to the sensitive film. A post-process is employed to remove the sacrificial layer and to coat zirconium dioxide on the sensor. When the sensitive film adsorbs or desorbs ammonia gas, the sensor produces a change in resistance. The readout circuit converts the resistance variation of the sensor into the output voltage. The experiments show that the integrated ammonia sensor has a sensitivity of 4.1 mV/ppm.

Photon upconversion of near-infrared (NIR) irradiation into ultraviolet-C (UVC) emission offers many exciting opportunities for drug release in deep tissues, photodynamic therapy, solid-state lasing, energy storage, and photocatalysis. However, NIR-to-UVC upconversion remains a daunting challenge due to low quantum efficiency. Here, we report an unusual six-photon upconversion process in Gd 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped nanoparticles following a heterogeneous core-multishell architecture. This design efficiently suppresses energy consumption induced by interior energy traps, maximizes cascade sensitizations of the NIR excitation, and promotes upconverted UVC emission from high-lying excited states. We realized the intense six-photon-upconverted UV emissions at 253 nm under 808 nm excitation. This work provides insight into mechanistic understanding of the upconversion process within the heterogeneous architecture, while offering exciting opportunities for developing nanoscale UVC emitters that can be remotely controlled through deep tissues upon NIR illumination. Photon upconversion with near-infrared excitation and ultraviolet emission has many applications, but suffers from low quantum efficiency. Here, the authors report a six-photon upconversion process in nanoparticles with heterogeneous core-multishell structure, that regulate the energy transfer pathway.

Increasing performance demands and shorter use lifetimes of consumer electronics have resulted in the rapid growth of electronic waste. Currently, consumer electronics are typically made with nondecomposable, nonbiocompatible, and sometimes even toxic materials, leading to serious ecological challenges worldwide. Here, we report an example of totally disintegrable and biocompatible semiconducting polymers for thin-film transistors. The polymer consists of reversible imine bonds and building blocks that can be easily decomposed under mild acidic conditions. In addition, an ultrathin (800-nm) biodegradable cellulose substrate with high chemical and thermal stability is developed. Coupled with iron electrodes, we have successfully fabricated fully disintegrable and biocompatible polymer transistors. Furthermore, disintegrable and biocompatible pseudo-complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) flexible circuits are demonstrated. These flexible circuits are ultrathin (<1 μm) and ultralightweight (∼2 g/m²) with low operating voltage (4 V), yielding potential applications of these disintegrable semiconducting polymers in low-cost, biocompatible, and ultralightweight transient electronics.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate DNA damage response (DDR) and genome stability in proliferative cells. However, it remains unknown whether lncRNAs are involved in these vital biological processes in post-mitotic neurons. Here, we report and characterize a lncRNA, termed Brain Specific DNA-damage Related lncRNA1 (BS-DRL1), in the central nervous system. BS-DRL1 is a brain-specific lncRNA and depletion of BS-DRL1 in neurons leads to impaired DDR upon etoposide treatment in vitro. Mechanistically, BS-DRL1 interacts with HMGB1, a chromatin protein that is important for genome stability, and is essential for the assembly of HMGB1 on chromatin. BS-DRL1 mediated DDR exhibits cell-type specificity in the cortex and cerebellum in gamma-irradiated mice and BS-DRL1 knockout mice show impaired motor function and concomitant purkinje cell degeneration. Our study extends the understanding of lncRNAs in DDR and genome stability and implies a protective role of lncRNA against neurodegeneration. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate the DNA damage response (DDR), however their role in the brain is less well studied. Here, the authors demonstrate a neuron-specific role for Brain Specific DNA-damage Related lncRNA1 (BS-DRL1) and show BS-DRL1 modulates DDR by interacting with HMGB1 in a cell-type specific manner.

Objective To explore the factors affecting patient outcomes in pulmonary artery thromboendarterectomy (PTE) under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support and to provide a reference for further improving the effect of PTE. Methods Eighty-five patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who underwent PTE under DHCA and CPB support at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2015 to October 2023 were enrolled, including 56 males (65.88%) and 29 females (31.42%), aged 23–75 years (mean 57.05 ± 15.03 years). The diagnostic criteria for the patients with CTEPH met with the diagnostic criteria described in the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Based on whether major adverse events (MAE) occurred during the hospitalization after PTE (MAE was defined as all-cause death and major complications related to surgery), patients were divided into the MAE group ( n  = 36) and the non-MAE group (Control group, n  = 49). The differences in the preoperative and intraoperative indicators were compared between the two groups. A logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) analysis were performed to identify risk factors affecting the outcomes of PTE. Results PTE under DHCA and CPB support was performed in 85 cases. Duration of CPB was 214.84 ± 49.08 min. The duration of aortic cross-clamping (ACC) was 125.88 ± 24.22 min. The duration of DHCA was 24.36 ± 7.25 min, and the number of DHCA episodes was 3.14 ± 1.52. After the PTE 36 patients (42.35%) experienced one or more MAEs, including 7 all-cause deaths (8.24%), 14 cases (16.47%) with reperfusion pulmonary edema, 20 cases (23.53%) with residual pulmonary hypertension (defined as mPAP > 25 mmHg), 6 cases (7.06%) with pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome, 12 cases (14.12%) with pneumonia, 12 cases (14.12%) with delirium, 6 cases (7.06%) with pericardial tamponade, 12 cases (14.12%) with pleural effusion, and 6 cases (7.06%) with acute kidney injury. When compared with the factors affecting the patient outcomes between two groups, significant differences ( P  < 0.05) were observed in the preoperative factors including gender (female), body mass index, heart failure with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ⅲ-Ⅳ, tricuspid valve pressure gradient value, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) value, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-minute walking distance, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), and cardiac index. Significant intraoperative differences ( P  < 0.05) were also found in the parameters including CPB time, ACC time, DHCA time, the longest single DHCA time, maximum temperature difference between nasopharynx and bladder, and peak value of lactic acid. However, logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that among these factors, only sPAP, PVR, PAWP, CPB time, DHCA time, and the longest single DHCA time were independent risk factors for MAE. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that preoperative right heart catheterization parameters—including mPAP, PAWP, and PVR—and intraoperative parameters—such as prolonged CPB time, DHCA time, and the longest single DHCA time—are independent predictors of MAE after PTE. Therefore, careful management of these parameters may further improve patient outcomes.

MALDI MSI has been recently applied as an innovative tool for detection of molecular distribution within a specific tissue. MALDI MSI requires deposition of an organic compound, known as matrix, on the tissue of interest to assist analyte desorption and ionization, in which the matrix crystal homogeneity and size greatly influence the imaging reproducibility and spatial resolution in MALDI MSI. In this work, a homemade electrospray deposition device was developed for deposition of matrix in MALDI MSI. The device could be used to achieve 1 μm homogeneous matrix crystals in MALDI MSI analysis. Moreover, it was found, for the first time, that the electrospray deposition device could be used to precisely control the matrix crystal size, and the imaging spatial resolution was increased greatly as the matrix crystals size becoming smaller. In addition, the easily-built electrospray deposition device was durable for acid, base or organic solvent, and even could be used for deposition of nanoparticles matrix, which made it unparalleled for MALDI MSI analysis. The feasibility of the electrospray deposition device was investigated by combination with MALDI FTICR MSI to analyze the distributions of lipids in mouse brain and liver cancer tissue section.