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"Lin, He"
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Sirt1 inhibits renal tubular cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition through YY1 deacetylation in diabetic nephropathy
Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a deacetylase, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our previous study shows that Yin yang 1 (YY1), a widely expressed zinc finger DNA/RNA-binding transcription factor, is a novel regulator of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Since the activity of YY1 is regulated via acetylation and deacetylation modification, this study aimed to explore whether Sirt1-induced deacetylation of YY1 mediated high glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. We first confirmed that Sirt1 expression level was significantly decreased in the kidney of
db/db
mice and in HG-treated HK-2 cells. Diabetes-induced Sirt1 reduction enhanced the level of YY1 acetylation and renal tubular EMT. Then, we manipulated Sirt1 expression in vivo and in vitro by injecting resveratrol (50 mg·kg
−1
·d
−1
. ip) to
db/db
mice for 2 weeks or application of SRT1720 (2.5 μM) in HG-treated HK-2 cells, we found that activation of Sirt1 reversed the renal tubular EMT and YY1 acetylation induced by HG condition. On the contrary, Sirt1 was knocked down in
db/m
mice or EX527 (1 μM) was added in HK-2 cells, we found that inhibition of Sirt1 exacerbated renal fibrosis in diabetic mice and enhanced level of YY1 acetylation in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of YY1 inhibited the ameliorating effect of resveratrol on renal tubular EMT and renal fibrosis in
db/db
mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Sirt1 plays an important role in renal tubular EMT of DN through mediating deacetylation of YY1.
Journal Article
Single-cell transcriptome profiling of an adult human cell atlas of 15 major organs
Background
As core units of organ tissues, cells of various types play their harmonious rhythms to maintain the homeostasis of the human body. It is essential to identify the characteristics of cells in human organs and their regulatory networks for understanding the biological mechanisms related to health and disease. However, a systematic and comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profile across multiple organs of a normal human adult is missing.
Results
We perform single-cell transcriptomes of 84,363 cells derived from 15 tissue organs of one adult donor and generate an adult human cell atlas. The adult human cell atlas depicts 252 subtypes of cells, including major cell types such as T, B, myeloid, epithelial, and stromal cells, as well as novel
COCH
+
fibroblasts and FibSmo cells, each of which is distinguished by multiple marker genes and transcriptional profiles. These collectively contribute to the heterogeneity of major human organs. Moreover, T cell and B cell receptor repertoire comparisons and trajectory analyses reveal direct clonal sharing of T and B cells with various developmental states among different tissues. Furthermore, novel cell markers, transcription factors, and ligand-receptor pairs are identified with potential functional regulations in maintaining the homeostasis of human cells among tissues.
Conclusions
The adult human cell atlas reveals the inter- and intra-organ heterogeneity of cell characteristics and provides a useful resource in uncovering key events during the development of human diseases in the context of the heterogeneity of cells and organs.
Journal Article
Packaging and delivering enzymes by amorphous metal-organic frameworks
Enzymatic catalysis in living cells enables the in-situ detection of cellular metabolites in single cells, which could contribute to early diagnosis of diseases. In this study, enzyme is packaged in amorphous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via a one-pot co-precipitation process under ambient conditions, exhibiting 5–20 times higher apparent activity than when the enzyme is encapsulated in corresponding crystalline MOFs. Molecular simulation and cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) combined with other techniques demonstrate that the mesopores generated in this disordered and fuzzy structure endow the packaged enzyme with high enzyme activity. The highly active glucose oxidase delivered by the amorphous MOF nanoparticles allows the noninvasive and facile measurement of glucose in single living cells, which can be used to distinguish between cancerous and normal cells.
For packaging enzymes into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), crystalline MOFs are usually used. Here, the authors encapsulated enzymes in amorphous MOFs a via one-pot co-precipitation process under ambient condition, which led to higher enzymatic activity than in a corresponding crystalline MOF composite.
Journal Article
Thinking about U: Theorizing and testing U- and inverted U-shaped relationships in strategy research
Research summary: U- and inverted U-shaped relationships are increasingly explored in strategy research, with 11 percent of all articles published in Strategic Management Journal (SMJ) in 2008-2012 investigating such quadratic relationships. Moreover, a movement towards introducing moderation to quadratic relationships has emerged. By reviewing 110 articles published in SMJ from 1980 to 2012, we identify several critical issues in theorizing and testing of these relationships for which current practice falls short. These include insufficient causal argumentation, incorrect testing, mixing up two different types of moderation, and not realizing that the curve can flip completely. For these and other issues, a guideline is provided which, when followed, may bring clarity to theoretical motivation and rigor to empirical testing. Managerial summary: Too much can be as bad as too little. Many relationships in strategic management follow an inverted U-shaped pattern, where moderate levels of a strategy lead to optimal performance. To gain deeper insights into the conventional wisdom that too much of a good thing can be harmful to performance, we discuss how such relationships can be better theorized and tested based on a review of articles exploring U-shaped relationships in Strategic Management Journal during 1980-2012. We identify several critical issues that require close attention and provide a guideline to further develop and validate this important managerial intuition.
Journal Article
The impact of household digital transformation on household energy efficiency: Empirical evidence from Chinese households
Carbon emissions from household consumption are an important part of global energy consumption, and household digital transformation is vital for realizing green and low−carbon development. Using data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey, this study empirically examines the effect of household digital transformation on household energy efficiency. The results show that household digital transformation significantly improves household energy efficiency across all quantiles. This effect varies by consumption type, with the most pronounced improvements in food, housing, and other consumption categories. The impact is stronger for households with elderly members. Per capita household income and education level serve as important mediating and moderating mechanisms, respectively. Unlike previous macro-level studies, this research provides micro-evidence on the impact of household digital transformation on energy efficiency, explores the underlying mechanisms through income and education effects, and examines heterogeneous impacts across different consumption types and household characteristics. These findings offer important policy implications for leveraging digital transformation to enhance household energy efficiency and promote sustainable development.
Journal Article
Topological spintronics and magnetoelectronics
Topological electronic materials, such as topological insulators, are distinct from trivial materials in the topology of their electronic band structures that lead to robust, unconventional topological states, which could bring revolutionary developments in electronics. This Perspective summarizes developments of topological insulators in various electronic applications including spintronics and magnetoelectronics. We group and analyse several important phenomena in spintronics using topological insulators, including spin–orbit torque, the magnetic proximity effect, interplay between antiferromagnetism and topology, and the formation of topological spin textures. We also outline recent developments in magnetoelectronics such as the axion insulator and the topological magnetoelectric effect observed using different topological insulators.
This Perspective discusses the interplay between magnetism and topology in condensed matter.
Journal Article
The Impact of Aluminum Doping on the Performance of MgV2O4 Spinel Cathodes for High-Rate Zinc-Ion Energy Storage
This study explores the development of aluminum-doped MgV2O4 spinel cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), addressing the challenges of poor Zn2+ ion diffusion and structural instability. Al3+ ions were pre-inserted into the spinel structure using a sol-gel method, which enhanced the material’s structural stability and electrical conductivity. The doping of Al3+ mitigates the electrostatic interactions between Zn2+ ions and the cathode, thereby improving ion diffusion and facilitating efficient charge/discharge processes. While pseudocapacitive behavior plays a dominant role in fast charge storage, the diffusion of Zn2+ within the bulk material remains crucial for long-term performance and stability. Our findings demonstrate that Al-MgV2O4 exhibits enhanced Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and robust structural integrity under high-rate cycling conditions, contributing to its high electrochemical performance. The Al-MgVO cathode retains a capacity of 254.3 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 10 A g−1 after 1000 cycles (93.6% retention), and 186.8 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 after 2000 cycles (90.2% retention). These improvements, driven by enhanced bulk diffusion and the stabilization of the crystal framework through Al3+ doping, make it a promising candidate for high-rate energy storage applications.
Journal Article
Cu2+ Intercalation and Structural Water Enhance Electrochemical Performance of Cathode in Zinc-Ion Batteries
This study investigates the performance of Cu-intercalated V3O7·H2O (CuVOH) as a cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to explore the effects of Cu2+ incorporation and structural water on the electrochemical performance of VOH. The results indicated that Cu2+ and structural water enhance Zn2+ diffusion by reducing electrostatic resistance and facilitating faster transport. Based on these insights, CuVOH nanobelts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. The experimental results confirmed the DFT predictions, demonstrating that CuVOH exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 336.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and maintained a high cycling stability with 98.7% retention after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The incorporation of Cu2+ pillars and interlayer water improved the structural stability and Zn2+ diffusion, offering enhanced rate performance and long-term cycling stability. The study highlights the effective integration of computational and experimental methods to optimize cathode materials for high-performance AZIBs, providing a promising strategy for the development of stable and efficient energy storage systems.
Journal Article
One-dimensional extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger models as descendants of a two-dimensional topological model
The topological phase diagrams and finite-size energy spectra of one-dimensional extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) models with long-range hoppings on the trimer lattice are investigated in detail. Due to the long-range hoppings, the band structure of the original SSH model becomes more complicated and new phases with the large Zak phase can emerge. Furthermore, a seeming violation of bulk-edge correspondence occurs in the one-dimensional topological system whose band topology stems from the inversion symmetry. The one-dimensional models are mapped onto a two-dimensional topological model when a parameter of the one-dimensional models is regarded as an additional degree of freedom. As Fourier components of the derived two-dimensional model, phase boudaries and the finite-size spectra of one-dimensional models can be recovered from the model in the higher spatial dimensions. Then the origin of edge modes of one-dimensional models can be understood from two dimensions and we give a reasonable explanation of the violation of bulk-edge correspondence in one spatial dimension. In fact, we may give a general perspective that the topological properties of one-dimensional (lower-dimensional) systems can be found their origin from two-dimensional (higher-dimensional) systems.
Journal Article