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Developing high‐efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption with broad temperature adaptability in polymeric nanocomposites remains significant challenge despite urgent practical demands. Here, a new type of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composites integrated with magnetic carbon nanofillers of Fe3O4/carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide are innovatively fabricated via the facile strategy. These multifunctional nanofillers collaboratively induce synergistic magnetic, conductive, and interfacial polarization losses, while maintaining structural integrity at high temperatures. Benefiting from this rational design, the resulting PEEK‐based composites exhibit outstanding absorption performance across 298–573 K. A minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −66.62 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.58 GHz are achieved at room temperature, while a comparable performance involving RLmin of −66.01 dB and EABmax of 4.05 GHz (8.20–12.25 GHz) is maintained even at 573 K, nearly covering the full X‐band, surpassing previously reported polymer composites at such a high temperature. This work opens up a novel pathway to engineer multifunctional polymer composites combining structural and electromagnetic functionalities at a wide temperature range. Herein, thermally robust poly(ether ether ketone)‐based composites reinforced by a hierarchical Fe3O4/carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4/CNTs/rGO) network are reported, delivering wide‐temperature‐range broadband electromagnetic wave absorption (298–573 K; minimum reflection loss (RLmin) ≈ −66 dB). CNT‐involved heterogeneous interfaces dominate dielectric loss, while Fe3O4 provides ferromagnetic loss. Moreover, the additive‐manufacturing‐compatible platform paves the way for structural–functional integration in aerospace.

The problem of electromagnetic pollution is becoming more and more serious with the coming of the 5G era. The development of high-performance electromagnetic absorbing materials is an effective way to solve that problem. In this study, disposable gauze masks are used as raw materials to prepare Ni particles/carbon composites by impregnation process and subsequent calcination for microwave absorption application. Ni particle/carbon composites consist mainly of lamellar carbon and Ni particles. Ni particles in Ni particles/carbon composites are surrounded by graphite phase to form Ni/C core–shell structure. The strong RL of − 42.8 dB at 1.5 mm thick and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.63 GHz are obtained from Ni particle/carbon composites calcined at 850 °C. This work provides a new idea for the application of disposable gauze masks.

Exploiting the electromagnetic wave absorbers with high microwave absorption performance by establishing the heterostructure in the carbon-based materials is an exciting strategy to address the issue of electromagnetic pollution. CoFe or Co alloy is introduced into carbon-based absorbing materials to optimize the impedance matching and enhance the magnetic loss. Herein, CoFe/C heterostructured fiber composites are prepared from the discarded cigarette filters by the wet chemical immersion and subsequent calcination for high-quality light microwave absorbing materials. The CoFe/C fiber composites calcined at 950 °C temperature remarkably achieve a − 53.8 dB strong reflection loss value at 1.57 mm matching thickness and 5.3 GHz broad bandwidth. This work should provide an effective strategy for the utilization of discarded cigarette filters as high microwave absorption performance materials.

Background： Glucocorticoids （GCs） are involved in the control of appetite in birds and mammals. The effect of GCs on feed intake in birds depends on their dietary energy level. But the regulation mechanism of GCs on appetite is still unclear in chickens facing to different energy level. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dexamethasone （DEX） on hypothalamic expression of appetite-related peptides in chickens fed high/low fat diet and under fasting/feeding condition. Results： An interaction between DEX injection and dietary energy level was found on hypothalamic corticotropin- releasing hormone （CRH） gene expression in fasted chickens （P 〈 0.05）. The chickens, given a DEX injection and a low fat diet treatment, had the highest CRH mRNA levels than any of the fasted chickens given treatments （P 〈 0.05）. Under fasting conditions, the DEX treatment significantly increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y （NPY） and GC receptors mRNA levels （P 〈 0.05）. Under re-feeding conditions, DEX treatment significantly decreased hypothalamic expression levels of NPY and agouti-related peptide （AgRP） but significantly increased the level of hypothalamic CRH expression （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： A regulatory network formed by NPY, AgRP and CRH is associated with the appetite-control by GCs. The result suggests that the regulation of GCs on orexigenic neuropeptides expression is dependent at least partially on dietary energy level and feeding state.

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for diagnosing primary and metastatic lesions in patients with liver cancer, as well as to compare it with contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT), liver MRI, and [18F]-FDG PET/CT.MethodsWe performed a single-center post hoc retrospective analysis of data obtained from a prospective parent study (NCT04416165). This study included 34 patients diagnosed with or suspected hepatic lesions who underwent concomitant [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 and [18F]-FDG/CT scans. Moreover, these patients underwent liver MRI (n = 34) and CE-CT (n = 25). Histopathologic (n = 62) or radiographic follow-up (n = 128) served as the reference standard for the final diagnosis.ResultsAmong the 34 patients, 20, 12, and 2 patients presented with hepatocellular carcinomas, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and benign hepatic nodules, respectively. The sensitivities of CE-CT, MRI, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, and [18F]-FDG/CT for detecting primary liver tumors were 96%, 100%, 96%, and 65%, respectively. Regarding the diagnosis of all intrahepatic lesions, the per-lesion detection rate of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was slightly lower than that of MRI (85% vs. 100%, P = 0.34) and significantly higher than that of [18F]-FDG PET/CT (85% vs. 52%, P < 0.001). Regarding the diagnosis of all malignant lesions (including extrahepatic disease), the tumor detection rate of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was 87.4%, which was significantly higher than that of [18F]-FDG PET/CT (65.0%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the sensitivity of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT to correctly identify primary liver tumors and metastatic lesions is equivalent to that of CE-CT and liver MRI. Moreover, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT is better at identifying liver lesions than [18F]-FDG PET/CT, and its use may improve tumor staging, recurrence detection, and implementation of necessary treatment modifications.

Enhancing the intrinsic activity and space time yield of Cu based heterogeneous methanol synthesis catalysts through CO 2 hydrogenation is one of the major topics in CO 2 conversion into value-added liquid fuels and chemicals. Here we report inverse ZrO 2 /Cu catalysts with a tunable Zr/Cu ratio have been prepared via an oxalate co-precipitation method, showing excellent performance for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol. Under optimal condition, the catalyst composed by 10% of ZrO 2 supported over 90% of Cu exhibits the highest mass-specific methanol formation rate of 524 g MeOH kg cat −1 h −1 at 220 °C, 3.3 times higher than the activity of traditional Cu/ZrO 2 catalysts (159 g MeOH kg cat −1 h −1 ). In situ XRD-PDF, XAFS and AP-XPS structural studies reveal that the inverse ZrO 2 /Cu catalysts are composed of islands of partially reduced 1–2 nm amorphous ZrO 2 supported over metallic Cu particles. The ZrO 2 islands are highly active for the CO 2 activation. Meanwhile, an intermediate of formate adsorbed on the Cu at 1350 cm −1 is discovered by the in situ DRIFTS. This formate intermediate exhibits fast hydrogenation conversion to methoxy. The activation of CO 2 and hydrogenation of all the surface oxygenate intermediates are significantly accelerated over the inverse ZrO 2 /Cu configuration, accounting for the excellent methanol formation activity observed. Enhancing the intrinsic activity and space time yield of Cu based heterogeneous methanol synthesis catalysts is one of the major topics in CO 2 hydrogenation. Here the authors develop a highly active inverse catalyst composed of fine ZrO 2 islands dispersed on metallic Cu nanoparticles.

Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β superfamily of secreted proteins, is expressed primarily in skeletal muscle. It negatively regulates muscle mass and is associated with glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. However, it remains unclear whether myostatin is involved in glucocorticoid-induced muscle protein turnover. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of myostatin in protein metabolism during dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. Protein synthesis rates and the expression of the genes for myostatin, ubiquitin-proteasome atrogin-1, MuRF1, FoxO1/3a and mTOR/p70S6K were determined. The results show that DEX decreased (P<0.05) protein synthesis rates while increasing the abundance of myostatin. DEX increased (P<0.05) the level of phospho-FoxO1/3a (Thr 24/32) and the expression of MuRF1. In contrast, DEX treatment had no detectable effect on atrogin-1 protein levels (P>0.05). The phosphorylation levels of mTOR and p70S6K were decreased by DEX treatment (P<0.05). Follistatin treatment inhibited the DEX-induced increase in myostatin (P<0.05) and the activation of phosphor-FoxO1/3a (Thr 24/32) (P< 0.05) and MuRF1 (P<0.05). Follistatin treatment had no influence on the protein synthesis rate or on the phosphorylation levels of mTOR (Ser 2448) and p70S6K (Thr 389) (P> 0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that the myostatin signalling pathway is associated with glucocorticoid-induced muscle protein catabolism at the beginning of exposure. Myostatin is not a main pathway associated with the suppression of muscle protein synthesis by glucocorticoids.

Muscle atrophy may arise from many factors such as inactivity, malnutrition, and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the stimulatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) on muscle protein synthesis. Primarily, C2C12 cells were supplied with extra L-arginine (L-Arg) in the culture media. L-Arg supplementation increased the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the rate of protein synthesis, and the phosphorylation of mTOR (Thr 2446) and p70S6K (Thr 389). L-NAME, an NOS inhibitor, decreased NO concentrations within cells and abolished the stimulatory effect of L-Arg on protein synthesis and the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K. In contrast, SNP (sodium nitroprusside), an NO donor, increased NO concentrations, enhanced protein synthesis, and upregulated mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation, regardless of L-NAME treatment. Blocking mTOR with rapamycin abolished the stimulatory effect of both L-Arg and SNP on protein synthesis and p70S6K phosphorylation. These results indicate that L-Arg stimulates protein synthesis via the activation of the mTOR (Thr 2446)/p70S6K signaling pathway in an NO-dependent manner.

Levofloxacin (LVFX), a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent widely used in treating bacterial infections, poses significant risks when overused, necessitating the development of reliable and efficient detection methods. Herein, we introduce Eu@SUZ−103, a novel europium-grafted three-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) featuring an eight-connected bcu net, for the selective detection of LVFX in serum and urine. Its 3D architecture facilitates rapid LVFX diffusion to luminescent sites, producing notably enhanced fluorescence and high sensitivity. Evaluations in complex biological matrices revealed excellent performance encompassing a broad linear range (5–2000 μM) and a low detection limit. Altogether, Eu@SUZ−103 extends the practical scope of 3D COFs in fluorescence-based sensing, offering a robust platform for accurate, efficient, and selective LVFX monitoring in clinical and environmental applications.

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a gammaretrovirus in the family, causes an immunosuppressive, oncogenic, and runting-stunting syndrome in multiple avian hosts. Allicin, the main effective component of garlic, has a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. The hypothesis that allicin could relieve REV-induced immune dysfunction was investigated and in the present study. The results showed that dietary allicin supplementation ameliorated REV-induced dysplasia and immune dysfunction in REV-infected chickens. Compared with the control groups, REV infection promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines including γ, and α , whereas, allicin reversed these changes induced by REV infection. The decreased levels of α, β, and were observed in REV-infected chickens, which were significantly improved by allicin. Allicin suppressed the REV-induced high expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor kappa B p65. REV stimulated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38, the downstream key signaling molecules of MAPK pathway, while allicin retarded the augmented phosphorylation level induced by REV infection. The decreased phosphorylation level of ERK was associated with REV replication, suggesting that ERK signaling is involved in REV replication, and allicin can alleviate the REV-induced immune dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of ERK. In addition, REV infection induced oxidative damage in thymus and spleen, whereas allicin treatment significantly decreased the oxidative stress induced by REV infection, suggesting that the antioxidant effect of allicin should be at least partially responsible for the harmful effect of REV infection. In conclusion, the findings suggest that allicin alleviates the inflammation and oxidative damage caused by REV infection and exerts the potential anti-REV effect by blocking the ERK/MAPK pathway.