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Background Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Despite the rising prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents, no studies have examined risk factors or developed models to estimate MASLD burden by sex, age group, or geographic location. Objective To estimate and predict the distribution and shifting patterns of the burden of MASLD in children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 years, globally, regionally, and in China. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CNKI for studies reporting the prevalence of MASLD and its closely related diagnostic constructs, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in 5–24-year-olds, and synthesized evidence across these definitions to estimate the burden of MASLD. Random-effects meta-regression synthesized age-, sex-, and year-specific prevalence and risk factors. Additionally, using data from the Global Burden of Disease, World Population Prospects, and Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health, a risk factor-based model estimated global, regional, and provincial (China) MASLD burden. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251062351). Results Of 2747 records, 56 studies (54 English, 2 Chinese) were included; 37 informed prevalence and 38 informed risk factors. Our model indicated that the global MASLD prevalence among 5–24-year-olds was 7.0% (95% CI: 4.1, 11.7), increasing with age and year, and higher in boys. Asia had the largest number of cases in 2000 (63.8 million [51.5, 76.6]) and 2020 (160.9 million [134.5, 187.6]). Our model further indicated that Africa is projected to surpass Asia in total case numbers from 2040 onward. In China, MASLD prevalence among 6–18-year-olds was highest in Hebei, Shandong, and Beijing (2000) and in Tianjin, Shandong, and Heilongjiang (from 2020 onwards). Conclusions The prevalence of MASLD among children and adolescents continues to rise alongside the epidemic of obesity. Model-based estimates suggest that the burden of MASLD may shift over time towards currently less developed regions of the world, such as Africa, and less well-developed regions in China. Targeted investment in obesity prevention is urgently needed, as are health services to reduce the health impacts of MASLD during and beyond childhood and adolescence.

Background Depression and obesity among adolescents have become major public health problems. They have common biological mechanisms and overlapping risk factors, such as lack of exercise, poor diet, and sleep disorders. Although there are corresponding interventions for these two diseases, there is still a lack of a comprehensive and systematic intervention approach to address their coexistence. The study will integrate existing intervention strategies and develop various intervention measures at individual, family, school, and medical institution levels. The aMOST and SCA framework will be employed to provide personalized and effective treatment for adolescents. Following its implementation, the comprehensive intervention strategy will undergo evaluation using the RE-AIM framework and will be promoted through online public accounts and academic conferences.  Methods and analysis This research on adolescent depression and obesity will comprise three. First, a comprehensive intervention strategy will be developed based on the aMOST model through screening, optimizing, and refining phases. Second, the intervention will be implemented using the SCA in three steps: cross-sectional study for screening, cluster randomized controlled trial for high-risk students, and clinical referral. Third, the strategy will be evaluated and promoted based on the RE-AIM framework. Quality control will be ensured in both development and implementation phases. Statistical analyses were performed using Excel2016, SPSS, and R for different phases of the study. Count data will be described with percentages and compared using χ 2 or Fisher’s exact probability test and measurement data was characterized by mean, median, etc., and compared using MMRM, t-tests, or Wilcoxon rank sum tests.  Discussion This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention strategy and examine its implementation within families, schools, and medical institutions. Following this intervention research, the comprehensive intervention program targeting adolescent depression and obesity holds immense potential in China, as it can facilitate and support changes to healthy lifestyle behaviors, thereby reducing the risks of adolescent depression and obesity.  Trial registration NCT06489990.

Paclitaxel, one of the most widely used natural anticancer drugs in clinical treatment, plays a significant role across medicine, public health, and even the economic sphere. However, the traditional extraction method relies too heavily on Taxus spp., resulting not only in low yields but also in severe, irreversible environmental damage. This paper is based on a comprehensive review of studies on the anticancer mechanism of paclitaxel and its various synthetic methods, aiming to thoroughly explore the enzymatic pathway from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to the final product, with emphasis on its kinetically limiting steps. Additionally, six core bottlenecks of paclitaxel biosynthesis will be introduced, along with potential corresponding strategies. Due to the lack of a strategic priority framework based on path dependence and technical feasibility, this paper employs the concept of 'advantage accumulation effect' to analyze resource allocation in paclitaxel biosynthesis. By combining literature mining with quantitative indicators such as the coefficient of variation (CV) and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to clarify the direction of research imbalance, a solid methodological foundation is laid for optimizing future work. Finally, a series of prospects for paclitaxel biosynthesis are listed.

Background Academic involution—escalating but low-yield academic effort—has become a salient feature of Chinese higher education. Although initial studies suggest a positive association between involution and anxiety, the specific symptom-to-symptom associations remain unclear. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,403 undergraduates in Shandong Province, China (mean age = 19.3 years; 34.9% male). Academic involution was assessed with the 24-item Academic Involution Scale, and anxiety symptoms with the 20-item Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. A regularized partial correlation network was estimated using Graphical Gaussian Models with EBIC-LASSO. Central and bridge nodes were identified via expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (BEI). Results Academic involution dimensions were positively correlated with anxiety ( r  = 0.35–0.63, p < 0.001). In the network, the most central anxiety symptoms were dizziness (EI = 1.20), panic (EI = 1.17), and faintness (EI = 1.12). Effort-reward (BEI = 0.38) and self-monitoring (BEI = 0.26) showed the highest bridge expected influence values in the network. Bootstrapping indicated narrow confidence intervals and stable centrality estimates (CS = 0.75). Conclusions These findings highlight that academic involution was conditionally associated with anxiety symptoms in specific cognitive–behavioral (effort–reward imbalance, self-monitoring) and physiological (somatic hyperarousal) patterns. Identifying central and bridge symptoms provides a hypothesis‑generating framework for generating more targeted hypotheses for future intervention research on both cognitive evaluations and bodily manifestations of stress.

A major obstacle for the development of the cellulose-based nanofiltration membrane is its fouling. In this study, a novel cellulose-based composite nanofiltration membrane (CS/DA-TiO2-NFM) with excellent anti-fouling performance was prepared through casting of both chitosan (CS) and TiO2 modified by dopamine (DA-TiO2) on the cellulose substrate membrane. DA-TiO2 was successfully introduced into the surface of membrane, resulting in significant improvement in its hydrophilicity due to the formation of dense CS layers. Furthermore, both CS and DA-TiO2 were effective antimicrobial agents (against E.coli 90.6% and S.aureus 95.1%) that could minimize the accumulation of bacteria on the CS/DA-TiO2-NFM. For the antifouling test against BSA, the irreversible recovery ratio of the CS/DA-TiO2-NFM was only 23.25% of the control (no CS/DA-TiO2 modified NFM). In addition, the CS/DA-TiO2-NFM exhibited an increased rejection rate of MgSO4 (enhanced 40.93%) and water-flux (enhanced 18.10%) compared with the control. These results highlight the potential of the presented approach for designing membranes with effective separation performance and antifouling for drinking water treatment.Graphic abstract

In this work, an antimicrobial cellulose acetate composite nanofiltration membrane was successfully prepared via in-situ hybridization by anchoring silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto the surface of the cellulose acetate nanofiltration membranes for water treatment. DETA monomer was used as a reducing agent to reduce Ag+ in AgNO3 to AgNPs, while the primary amine group of Diethylenetriamine (DETA) monomer can react with 1,3,5-Trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to form a polyamides layer. As a result, the cellulose acetate nanofiltration membranes modified by AgNPs exhibited smoother surfaces and improved hydrophilicity, which resulted in enhanced permeability and resistance to fouling. The flux of the membrane increased from 12 to 37.7 L/m2h, and the FRR values of the membrane increased from 98.4 to 100% respectively in 3.5 cycles. Owing to robust electrostatic interaction between AgNPs and carboxyl groups of the cellulose acetate support, the membranes showed stable separation performance. Over extended operational periods, the membrane retained 37.7 L/m2h of flux and 92% of Na2SO4 retention rate. Benefiting from the broad-spectrum antibacterial properties of silver, the membranes showed an excellent bactericidal rate of E. coli and S. aureus (> 99%). This work provided a new method for preparing cellulose acetate nanofiltration membranes with excellent antibacterial and separation performance. It also paved a new avenue to water treatment.

Bamboo dissolving pulp (BP)/chitosan (CS) blend solutions were obtained by adding different weight ratios of BP and CS particles to N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) solvent. The processing and membrane-forming performances of the blend solutions were studied using a rotating rheometer. The BP/CS blend solutions’ optimal processing temperature was 50 to 70 °C. When the CS weight ratio was 9.09 wt%, the viscosity of the solution decreased, which was conducive to the processing of the membrane. The BP/CS blend ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by phase transformation of the blend solutions. The results showed that the rejection rate of the BP/CS blend ultrafiltration membrane with physically added CS particles was greatly improved compared with that of the regenerated BP ultrafiltration membrane.

Remote sensing object detection is fundamental to Earth observation, yet remains challenging when relying on a single sensing modality. While optical imagery provides rich spatial and textural details, it is highly sensitive to illumination and adverse weather; conversely, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers robust all-weather acquisition but suffers from speckle noise and limited semantic interpretability. To address these limitations, we leverage the potential of foundation models for optical–SAR object detection via a novel gated–guided fusion approach. By integrating transferable and generalizable representations from foundation models into the detection pipeline, we enhance semantic expressiveness and cross-environment robustness. Specifically, a gated–guided fusion mechanism is designed to selectively merge cross-modal features with foundational priors, enabling the network to prioritize informative cues while suppressing unreliable signals in complex scenes. Furthermore, we propose a dual-stream architecture incorporating attention mechanisms and State Space Models (SSMs) to simultaneously capture local and long-range dependencies. Extensive experiments on the large-scale M4-SAR dataset demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance, significantly improving detection accuracy and robustness under challenging sensing conditions.

Digestive system diseases remain highly prevalent globally and constitute a major cause of mortality and disability. They not only severely compromise individual health but also result in massive consumption of medical resources, exacerbating socioeconomic burdens, thus emerging as a critical global public health challenge requiring resolution. In the prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases, flavonoids exhibit therapeutic potential through multiple targets and pathways. This review retrieved and summarized relevant literature on flavonoids for the treatment of digestive diseases published between 2000 and 2025 in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, Nature Publishing Group, American Chemical Society, Elsevier, and Royal Society of Chemistry. Keywords (flavonoids, digestive diseases, pharmacological effects, anti-inflammation, antioxidation) were used for searching. During screening, priority was given to flavonoids directly related to the pathogenesis or intervention effects of digestive diseases, with study types covering reviews, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, Exclusion criteria included literature without clear association with digestive diseases and flavonoids, duplicate components and mechanisms, and lack of timeliness. Finally, 211 literature were screened and included from 13,000, providing references for subsequent research. Flavonoids can prevent and treat digestive system diseases multiple biological activities including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-virus, anti-bacteria, anti-cancer, metabolic regulation and immune regulation. Although flavonoids exhibit significant pharmacological effects and favorable safety profiles in the prevention and treatment of digestive diseases, laying a foundation for the development of new drugs, they still face numerous challenges in clinical application. In the future, it is necessary to further conduct high-quality clinical studies, deepen research on the molecular mechanisms of their actions, and promote their translation from basic research to clinical practice.