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"Lin, Shi"
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Exploring students’ emotion recognition and teachers’ teaching feedback in college foreign language classroom based on AFCNN model
Currently, the development of deep learning (DL) technology provides new avenues for educational sentiment analysis. Building on this, this study introduces an Attention Feature Convolutional Neural Network (AFCNN) model for sentiment recognition in university foreign language classrooms. The model captures students’ emotional changes in real time, providing teachers with timely instructional feedback and supporting their professional development. To validate the model, comparative experiments are conducted with traditional models, including Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16) and ResNet18. The results show that AFCNN outperforms these models in recognition accuracy and maintains robustness under occlusion. Specifically, this study studies the professional development path of foreign language teachers based on the above background. First, this study explains the direction of professional development of foreign language teachers in the context of organizational change and DL. Second, the influence of students’ emotions on education and teaching during the course of class is explained. Foreign language teachers can determine students’ emotional changes in time and make corresponding positive feedback by establishing a model. Finally, the AFCNN model is established through the DL network to recognize students’ faces in the classroom and feedback to the foreign language teachers. Comparative experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed model. The experimental results show that when there is no obstruction, the emotion recognition ability of the AFCNN model is significantly higher than that of the traditional recognition model, which can reach up to 81%. The recognition rate of the two emotions of being happy and neutral is better. During the lesson, the student’s face capture will be occluded, which may reduce the recognition accuracy of the model, so the image will be occluded again. Finally, it is compared with the traditional model. It is found that both the traditional model and the present model are affected. However, the recognition rate of the AFCNN model is still the highest, so the effectiveness of the model can be verified. In summary, this study proposes a professional development pathway for foreign language teachers that integrates psychological sentiment analysis. It also introduces a new perspective for cross-disciplinary research linking educational technology with human–computer interaction.
Journal Article
Hidden-charm and hidden-bottom molecular pentaquarks in chiral effective field theory
A
bstract
The newly observed
P
c
(4312),
P
c
(4440) and
P
c
(4457) at the LHCb experiment are very close to the
Σ
c
D
¯
and
Σ
c
D
¯
∗
thresholds. In this work, we perform a systematic study and give a complete picture on the interactions between the
Σ
c
∗
and
D
¯
∗
systems in the framework of heavy hadron chiral effective field theory, where the short-range contact interaction, long-range one-pion-exchange contribution, and intermediate-range two-pion-exchange loop diagrams are all considered. We first investigate the three
Pc
states without and with considering the Λ
c
contribution in the loop diagrams. It is difficult to simultaneously reproduce the three
P
c
s unless the Λ
c
is included. The coupling between the
Σ
c
∗
D
¯
∗
and
Λ
c
D
¯
∗
channels is crucial for the formation of these
P
c
s. Our calculation supports the
P
c
(4312),
P
c
(4440) and
P
c
(4457) to be the
S
-wave hidden-charm
Σ
c
D
¯
J
=
1
/
2
I
=
1
/
2
,
Σ
c
D
¯
∗
J
=
1
/
2
I
=
1
/
2
and
Σ
c
D
¯
∗
J
=
3
/
2
I
=
1
/
2
molecular pentaquarks, respectively. Our calculation disfavors the spin assignment
J
P
=
1
−
2
for
P
c
(4457) and
J
P
=
3
−
2
for
P
c
(4440), because the excessively enhanced spin-spin interaction is unreasonable in the present case. We obtain the complete mass spectra of the
Σ
c
∗
D
¯
∗
J
systems with the fixed low energy constants. Our result indicates the existence of the
Σ
c
∗
D
¯
∗
J
J
=
1
2
3
2
5
2
hadronic molecules. The previously reported
P
c
(4380) might be a deeper bound one. Additionally, we also study the hidden-bottom
Σ
b
∗
B
∗
systems, and predict seven bound molecular states, which could serve as a guidance for future experiments. Furthermore, we also examine the heavy quark symmetry breaking effect in the hidden-charm and hidden-bottom systems by taking into account the mass splittings in the propagators of the intermediate states. As expected, the heavy quark symmetry in the bottom cases is better than that in the charmed sectors. We notice that the heavy quark symmetry in the
Σ
c
D
¯
and
Σ
c
∗
D
¯
systems is much worse for some fortuitous reasons. The heavy quark symmetry breaking effect is nonnegligible in predicting the effective potentials between the charmed hadrons.
Journal Article
How to understand the X(2900)?
In this work, the S- and P-wave D¯∗K∗ interactions are studied in a coupled-channel formalism to understand the recently observed X0(2900) and X1(2900) at LHCb. The experimental event distributions can be well described, and two states with I(JP)=0(0+) and 0(1-) are yielded in a unified framework. The masses of the 0+ and 1- states are consistent with the experimental data, but the width of the 0+ state is larger than that of the 1- one. The X1(2900) can be interpreted as the P-wave excitation of the ground-state X0(2900) in the hadronic molecular picture. The S- and P-wave multiplets in the D¯∗K∗ system have many members, so the present peak in the D-K+ invariant mass distributions might contain multi substructures.
Journal Article
Systematics of the heavy flavor hadronic molecules
With a quark level interaction, we give a unified description of the loosely bound molecular systems composed of the heavy flavor hadrons (D¯,D¯∗), (Λc,Σc,Σc∗), and (Ξc,Ξc′,Ξc∗). Using the Pc states as inputs to fix the interaction strength of light quark-quark pairs, we reproduce the observed Pcs and Tcc+ states and predict another narrow Tcc′+ state with quantum numbers [D∗D∗]J=1I=0. If we require a satisfactory description of the Tcc+ and Pc states simultaneously, our framework prefers the assignments of the Pc(4440) and Pc(4457) as the [ΣcD¯∗]J=1/2I=1/2 and [ΣcD¯∗]J=3/2I=1/2 states, respectively. We propose the isospin criterion to explain naturally why the experimentally observed Tcc, Pc, and Pcs molecular candidates prefer the lowest isospin numbers. We also predict the loosely bound states for the bottom di-hadrons.
Journal Article
GRAIN SIZE AND NUMBER1 Negatively Regulates the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 Cascade to Coordinate the Trade-off between Grain Number per Panicle and Grain Size in Rice
Grain number and size are interactive agronomic traits that determine grain yield. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for coordinating the trade-off between these traits remain elusive. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) grain size and number1 (gsn1) mutant, which has larger grains but sparser panicles than the wild type due to disordered localized cell differentiation and proliferation. GSN1 encodes the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase OsMKP1, a dual-specificity phosphatase of unknown function. Reduced expression of GSN1 resulted in larger and fewer grains, whereas increased expression resulted in more grains but reduced grain size. GSN1 directly interacts with and inactivates the mitogen-activated protein kinase OsMPK6 via dephosphorylation. Consistent with this finding, the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase genes OsMPK6, OsMKK4, and OsMKKK10 separately resulted in denser panicles and smaller grains, which rescued the mutant gsn1 phenotypes. Therefore, OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 participates in panicle morphogenesis and acts on a common pathway in rice. We confirmed that GSN1 is a negative regulator of the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 cascade that determines panicle architecture. The GSN1-MAPK module coordinates the trade-off between grain number and grain size by integrating localized cell differentiation and proliferation. These findings provide important insights into the developmental plasticity of the panicle and a potential means to improve crop yields.
Journal Article
In-situ anodic precipitation process for highly efficient separation of aluminum alloys
Electrorefining process has been widely used to separate and purify metals, but it is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself. Here we report in-situ anodic precipitation (IAP), a modified electrorefining process, to purify aluminium from contaminants that are more reactive. During IAP, the target metals that are more cathodic than aluminium are oxidized at the anode and forced to precipitate out in a low oxidation state. This strategy is fundamentally based on different solubilities of target metal chlorides in the NaAlCl
4
molten salt rather than deposition potential of metals. The results suggest that IAP is able to efficiently and simply separate components of aluminum alloys with fast kinetics and high recovery yields, and it is also a valuable synthetic approach for metal chlorides in low oxidation states.
Traditional electrorefining process is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself. Here, the authors explore an in-situ anodic precipitation process based on different solubility of target metal chlorides that can efficiently separate components of aluminum alloys.
Journal Article
UDP-glucosyltransferase regulates grain size and abiotic stress tolerance associated with metabolic flux redirection in rice
Grain size is an important component trait of grain yield, which is frequently threatened by abiotic stress. However, little is known about how grain yield and abiotic stress tolerance are regulated. Here, we characterize
GSA1
, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) regulating grain size and abiotic stress tolerance associated with metabolic flux redirection.
GSA1
encodes a UDP-glucosyltransferase, which exhibits glucosyltransferase activity toward flavonoids and monolignols.
GSA1
regulates grain size by modulating cell proliferation and expansion, which are regulated by flavonoid-mediated auxin levels and related gene expression. GSA1 is required for the redirection of metabolic flux from lignin biosynthesis to flavonoid biosynthesis under abiotic stress and the accumulation of flavonoid glycosides, which protect rice against abiotic stress.
GSA1
overexpression results in larger grains and enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. Our findings provide insights into the regulation of grain size and abiotic stress tolerance associated with metabolic flux redirection and a potential means to improve crops.
Increasing grain yield needs to be put in the context of environmental stress. Here, the authors reveal that a UDP-glucosyltransferase is associated with regulation of rice grain size, abiotic stress tolerance, flavonoid-mediated auxin signaling, and redirection of carbon flux to flavonoid glycosides synthesis.
Journal Article
Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections
The clinical features and immune responses of asymptomatic individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have not been well described. We studied 37 asymptomatic individuals in the Wanzhou District who were diagnosed with RT–PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections but without any relevant clinical symptoms in the preceding 14 d and during hospitalization. Asymptomatic individuals were admitted to the government-designated Wanzhou People’s Hospital for centralized isolation in accordance with policy
1
. The median duration of viral shedding in the asymptomatic group was 19 d (interquartile range (IQR), 15–26 d). The asymptomatic group had a significantly longer duration of viral shedding than the symptomatic group (log-rank
P
= 0.028). The virus-specific IgG levels in the asymptomatic group (median S/CO, 3.4; IQR, 1.6–10.7) were significantly lower (
P
= 0.005) relative to the symptomatic group (median S/CO, 20.5; IQR, 5.8–38.2) in the acute phase. Of asymptomatic individuals, 93.3% (28/30) and 81.1% (30/37) had reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels, respectively, during the early convalescent phase, as compared to 96.8% (30/31) and 62.2% (23/37) of symptomatic patients. Forty percent of asymptomatic individuals became seronegative and 12.9% of the symptomatic group became negative for IgG in the early convalescent phase. In addition, asymptomatic individuals exhibited lower levels of 18 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data suggest that asymptomatic individuals had a weaker immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels in the early convalescent phase might have implications for immunity strategy and serological surveys.
A cohort of asymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 had significantly lower levels of virus-specific IgG antibodies compared to a cohort of age- and sex-matched symptomatic infected patients.
Journal Article