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result(s) for
"Lin, Xue-Yuan"
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Hydrogen sulfide is a crucial element of the antioxidant defense system in Glycine max–Sinorhizobium fredii symbiotic root nodules
Aim
H
2
S is emerging as a signaling molecule involved in the regulation of many physiological processes in plants. Here, we investigated the potential antioxidant role of H
2
S in soybean (
Glycine max
)-rhizobia (
Sinorhizobium fredii
) symbiotic root nodules.
Method
An endogenous H
2
S production deficit rhizobia mutant ∆
CSE
was constructed to study the effect of decreased content of H
2
S in soybean nodules. Fluorescent probes and confocal microscope were used to observe the production and accumulation of H
2
S and reactive oxygen species. Transmission electronic microscopy was conducted to study the structural changes in ∆
CSE
soybean nodules. Finally, qRT-PCR, enzymatic activity, and oxidative damage parameters were measured.
Result
The results demonstrated that abundant H
2
S was generated in the nitrogen-fixing zone of soybean nodules. The deletion of the cystathionine γ-lyase (
CSE
) gene in
S. fredii
(
∆CSE
) caused a sharp decrease in H
2
S production in both free-living rhizobia and soybean nodules. We found that decrease in the H
2
S level in nodule cells inhibited nitrogenase activity. In addition, to elevated H
2
O
2
and malondialdehyde accumulation, increased protein carbonyl content and decreased O
2
−
scavenging ability was observed in ∆CSE root nodules. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that an H
2
S deficit caused the deformation of bacteroids and damage of peribacteroid membranes in nodule cells. Moreover, the expression of some rhizobial and soybean genes related to antioxidant defense was up-regulated in
∆CSE
nodules.
Conclusion
H
2
S is crucial for the nitrogen-fixation ability of soybean nodules by acting as an antioxidant element that protects nodule cells and bacteroids from oxidative damage.
Journal Article
Hydrogen sulphide alleviates iron deficiency by promoting iron availability and plant hormone levels in Glycine max seedlings
Background
Hydrogen sulphide (H
2
S) is involved in regulating physiological processes in plants. We investigated how H
2
S ameliorates iron (Fe) deficiency in soybean (
Glycine max
L.) seedlings. Multidisciplinary approaches including physiological, biochemical and molecular, and transcriptome methods were used to investigate the H
2
S role in regulating Fe availability in soybean seedlings.
Results
Our results showed that H
2
S completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis and caused an increase in soybean seedling biomass under Fe deficiency conditions. Moreover, H
2
S decreased the amount of root-bound apoplastic Fe and increased the Fe content in leaves and roots by regulating the ferric-chelate reductase (FCR) activities and Fe homeostasis- and sulphur metabolism-related gene expression levels, thereby promoting photosynthesis in soybean seedlings. In addition, H
2
S changed the plant hormone concentrations by modulating plant hormone-related gene expression abundances in soybean seedlings grown in Fe-deficient solution. Furthermore, organic acid biosynthesis and related genes expression also played a vital role in modulating the H
2
S-mediated alleviation of Fe deficiency in soybean seedlings.
Conclusion
Our results indicated that Fe deficiency was alleviated by H
2
S through enhancement of Fe acquisition and assimilation, thereby regulating plant hormones and organic acid synthesis in plants.
Journal Article
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Overexpression Regulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Decreases Alcohol Consumption and Preference in Mice
Brain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been recently implicated in alcohol addiction; however, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an extrasynaptic protease, is the best described MMP that is thought to regulate addictive behavior. In the present study, the effect of MMP-9 overexpression on hippocampal neuron plasticity and alcoholic behavior was assessed in spontaneous alcohol drinking mice. Two-bottle choice model showed that the overexpression of MMP-9 in the hippocampus developed by adeno-associated virus (AAV) could decrease alcohol consumption and preference, but did not affect taste preference, which was tested using saccharin or quinine solutions. Dendritic spines number of hippocampal neurons was observed by Golgi staining. Compared with the alcohol treatment group, the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus of alcohol drinking mice was decreased in alcohol + MMP-9 group. Western blot analysis indicated that GluN1 expression in the hippocampus of alcohol drinking group was lower than that in the control group, while the expression of GluN1 was increased in MMP-9 overexpressing mice. MMP-9 also regulated the depolymerization of actin filaments, which induced behavioral changes in mice. Taken together, overexpression of MMP-9 in the hippocampal neurons of mice resulted in decreased dendritic spine density and F-actin/G-actin ratio, which might be the crucial reason for the significant decrease in alcohol consumption in alcohol drinking mice. MMP-9 might be considered as a novel target studying the molecular mechanism of alcohol drinking.
Journal Article
An Improved GPS Dynamic Positioning Filtering Algorithm
According to the characteristics of the GPS receiver, this paper introduces an improved GPS positioning system filtering algorithm. Firstly, this paper establishes the state equation of the system according to the motor carrier's \"current\" statistical model, and then we establishes the measurement equation of the system based on the characteristics that GPS receiver can output the location and speed information, and lastly we get a standard Kalman filter algorithm model and a detailed description of the derivation of the algorithm. Algorithm simulation results show that the improved algorithm can greatly improve accuracy.
Journal Article
A Simple Double-Star Positioning System Positioning Algorithm
Double-star navigation and positioning system use Double-star positioning system which basic principles are the intersection of three balls. Two measurements relate to the distance of the two satellites and the user, and the third measurements which relate to the user elevation are the critical factor to determine the positioning precision. For this reason, based on the Earth ellipsoid geometry and geodetic latitude knowledge, this paper derives the accurate model of the third measurement, and establishes a user location algorithm. The algorithm is simple and easy to understand, and simulation tests show that the algorithm has fast convergence and accurate positioning.
Journal Article
Long-term Follow-up of 5 Survivors after the First Outbreak of Human Infections with Avian Influenza A（H7N9） Virus in Shanghai, China
At the end of March 2013, the first case of human infection with avian influenza A（H7N9） virus was confirmed in Shanghai. From April to May 2013, 18 patients with avian influenza A（H7N9） virus infection were hospitalized in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, and finally, 12 of them survived. The short-term prognosis of these patients had been described previously, but the long-term prognosis remained unclear.
Journal Article
The E3 ubiquitin ligase seven in absentia homolog 1 may be a potential new therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease
In this study, we investigated the effect of an antibody against E3 ubiquitin ligase seven in absentia homolog 1（SIAH-1） in PC12 cells. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium（MPP＋） treatment increased α-synuclein, E1 and SIAH-1 protein levels in PC12 cells, and it reduced cell viability; however, there was no significant change in light chain 3 expression. Treatment with an SIAH-1 antibody decreased m RNA expression levels of α-synuclein, light chain 3 and SIAH-1, but increased E1 m RNA expression. It also increased cell viability. Combined treatment with MPP＋ and rapamycin reduced SIAH-1 and α-synuclein levels. Treatment with SIAH-1 antibody alone diminished α-synuclein immunoreactivity in PC12 cells, and reduced the colocalization of α-synuclein and light chain 3. These findings suggest that the SIAH-1 antibody reduces the monoubiquitination and aggregation of α-synuclein, promoting its degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Consequently, SIAH-1 may be a potential new therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease.
Journal Article
REV-ERBα integrates colon clock with experimental colitis through regulation of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis
The roles of Rev-erbα and circadian clock in colonic inflammation remain unclarified. Here we show colon clock genes (including
Rev-erbα
) are dysregulated in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In turn, disruption of the circadian clock exacerbates experimental colitis. Rev-erbα-deficient mice are more sensitive to DSS-induced colitis, supporting a critical role of Rev-erbα in disease development. Further, Rev-erbα ablation causes activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome in mice. Cell-based experiments reveal Rev-erbα inactivates Nlrp3 inflammasome mainly at the priming stage. Rev-erbα directly represses Nlrp3 transcription through specific binding to the promoter region. Additionally, Rev-erbα represses p65 transcription and indirectly repressed Nlrp3 via the NF-κB pathway. Interestingly, Rev-erbα activation in wild-type mice by SR9009 attenuates DSS-induced colitis, whereas the protective effects are lost in
Nlrp3
−/−
and
Rev-erbα
−/−
mice. Taken together, Rev-erbα regulates experimental colitis through its repressive action on the NF-κB/Nlrp3 axis. Targeting Rev-erbα may represent a promising approach for prevention and management of colitis.
REV-ERBα is a nuclear receptor that links the circadian pathways with those of metabolism. Here the authors show REV-ERBα is also involved with linking the circadian system with the inflammatory pathways of an experimental model of colitis through regulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.
Journal Article
Heterojunction Nanomedicine
Exogenous stimulation catalytic therapy has received enormous attention as it holds great promise to address global medical issues. However, the therapeutic effect of catalytic therapy is seriously restricted by the fast charge recombination and the limited utilization of exogenous stimulation by catalysts. In the past few decades, many strategies have been developed to overcome the above serious drawbacks, among which heterojunctions are the most widely used and promising strategy. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication of heterojunction nanomedicine, such as semiconductor–semiconductor heterojunctions (including type I, type II, type III, PN, and Z–scheme junctions) and semiconductor–metal heterojunctions (including Schottky, Ohmic, and localized surface plasmon resonance–mediated junctions). The catalytic mechanisms and properties of the above junction systems are also discussed in relation to biomedical applications, especially cancer treatment and sterilization. This review concludes with a summary of the challenges and some perspectives on future directions in this exciting and still evolving field of research. This review summarizes the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication of heterojunction nanomedicine. The catalytic mechanisms and properties of applied heterojunction systems are also discussed in relation to biomedical applications, especially cancer treatment and sterilization. This review concludes with a summary of the challenges and perspectives on future directions in this evolving field of research.
Journal Article