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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to exert a significant impact on global mortality rates, encompassing conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), atherosclerosis (AS), and myocardial infarction (MI). Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and advancement of CVDs, highlighting its significance as a contributing factor. Maintaining an equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant systems not only aids in mitigating oxidative stress but also confers protective benefits on cardiac health. Herbal monomers can inhibit OS in CVDs by activating multiple signaling pathways, such as increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant systems and decreasing the level of ROS expression. Given the actions of herbal monomers to significantly protect the normal function of the heart and reduce the damage caused by OS to the organism. Hence, it is imperative to recognize the significance of herbal monomers as prospective therapeutic interventions for mitigating oxidative damage in CVDs. This paper aims to comprehensively review the origins and mechanisms underlying OS, elucidate the intricate association between CVDs and OS, and explore the therapeutic potential of antioxidant treatment utilizing herbal monomers. Furthermore, particular emphasis will be placed on examining the cardioprotective effects of herbal monomers by evaluating their impact on cardiac signaling pathways subsequent to treatment. Graphical Abstract

The exploration of artificial luminogens with bright emission has been fully developed with the advancement of synthetic chemistry. However, many of them face problems like weakened emission in the aggregated state as well as poor renewability and sustainability. Therefore, the development of renewable and sustainable luminogens with anti-quenching function in the solid state, as well as to unveil the key factors that influence their luminescence behavior become highly significant. Herein, a new class of natural rosin-derived luminogens with aggregation-induced emission property (AIEgens) have been facilely obtained with good biocompatibility and targeted organelle imaging capability as well as photochromic behavior in the solid state. Mechanistic study indicates that the introduction of the alicyclic moiety helps suppress the excited-state molecular motion to enhance the solid-state emission. The current work fundamentally elucidates the role of alicyclic moiety in luminogen design and practically demonstrates a new source to large-scalely obtain biocompatible AIEgens. To date we have a myriad of luminogenes at our deposal but many of them face problems like weakened emission in the aggregated state as well as poor sustainability. Here, the authors develop a class of rosin-derived luminogens with aggregation induced emission properties providing good biocompatibility and demonstrate their application in organelle imaging.

Target detection in satellite images is an essential topic in the field of remote sensing and computer vision. Despite extensive research efforts, accurate and efficient target detection in remote sensing images remains unsolved due to the large target scale span, dense distribution, and overhead imaging and complex backgrounds, which result in high target feature similarity and serious occlusion. In order to address the above issues in a comprehensive manner, within this paper, we first propose a Centralised Visual Processing Center (CVPC), this structure is a parallel visual processing center for Transformer encoder and CNN, employing a lightweight encoder to capture broad, long-range interdependencies. Pixel-level Learning Center (PLC) module is used to establish pixel-level correlations and improve the depiction of detailed features. CVPC effectively improves the detection efficiency of remote sensing targets with high feature similarity and severe occlusion. Secondly, we propose a centralised feature cross-layer fusion pyramid structure to fuse the results with the CVPC in a top-down manner to enhance the detailed feature representation capability at each layer. Ultimately, we present a Context Enhanced Adaptive Sparse Convolutional Network (CEASC), which improves the accuracy while ensuring the detection efficiency. Based on the above modules, we designed and conducted a series of experiments. These experiments are conducted on three challenging public datasets, DOTA-v1.0, DIOR, and RSDO, showing that our proposed 3CNet achieves a more advanced detection accuracy while balancing the detection speed (78.62% mAP for DOTA-v1.0, 79.12% mAP for DIOR, and 95.50% mAP for RSOD).

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based motor imagery (MI) is extensively utilized in clinical rehabilitation and virtual reality-based movement control. Decoding EEG-based MI signals is challenging because of the inherent spatio-temporal variability of the original signal representation, coupled with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which impedes the extraction of clean and robust features. To address this issue, we propose a multi-scale spatio-temporal domain-invariant representation learning method, termed MSDI. By decomposing the original signal into spatial and temporal components, the proposed method extracts invariant features at multiple scales from both components. To further constrain the representation to invariant domains, we introduce a feature-aware shift operation that resamples the representation based on its feature statistics and feature measure, thereby projecting the features into a domain-invariant space. We evaluate our proposed method via two publicly available datasets, BNCI2014-001 and BNCI2014-004, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance on both datasets. Furthermore, our method exhibits superior time efficiency and noise resistance.

The dyes in printing and dyeing wastewater are harmful to the human body and the environment. It is essential to develop practical and effective adsorbents to deal with them. In this study, an Fe-doped, ZIF-67 derived Fe/Co/C composite material with strong magnetism was successfully synthesized. The effects of pH, initial concentration, and adsorption time on the properties of the adsorbent were investigated. To further improve the removal efficiency and enhance the practicality, potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was added to the system due to its Fenton-like effect. Then, an Fe/Co/C composite was used with PMS to remove Congo red (CR) with a 98% removal of 250 mg·L−1. Moreover, for its high saturation magnetization of 85.4 emu·g−1, the Fe/Co/C composite can be easily recovered by applying a magnetic field, solving the problem that powdery functional materials are difficult to recover and, thus, avoiding secondary pollution. Furthermore, since the composite material was doped before carbonization, this synthetic strategy is flexible and the required metal elements can be added at will to achieve different purposes. This study demonstrates that this Fe-doped, ZIF-67 derived magnetic material has potential application prospects for dye adsorption.

One-pot synthesis of heterocyclic aromatics with good optical properties from phenolic β-O-4 lignin segments is of high importance to meet high value added biorefinery demands. However, executing this process remains a huge challenge due to the incompatible reaction conditions of the depolymerization of lignin β-O-4 segments containing γ-OH functionalities and bioresource-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens (BioAIEgens) formation with the desired properties. In this work, benzannulation reactions starting from lignin β-O-4 moieties with 3-alkenylated indoles catalyzed by vanadium-based complexes have been successfully developed, affording a wide range of functionalized carbazoles with up to 92% yield. Experiments and density functional theory calculations suggest that the reaction pathway involves the selective cleavage of double C-O bonds/Diels-Alder cycloaddition/dehydrogenative aromatization. Photophysical investigations show that these carbazole products represent a class of BioAIEgens with twisted intramolecular charge transfer. Distinctions of emission behavior were revealed based on unique acceptor-donor-acceptor-type molecular conformations as well as molecular packings. This work features lignin β-O-4 motifs with γ-OH functionalities as renewable substrates, without the need to apply external oxidant/reductant systems. Here, we show a concise and sustainable route to functional carbazoles with AIE properties, building a bridge between lignin and BioAIE materials. Biorenewable feedstocks are important for developing more sustainable materials, but developing processes can be challenging due to incompatible reaction conditions. Here, the authors report the one-pot preparation of aggregation-induced emission luminogens from lignin moieties.

Our knowledge of the ability of coral reefs to face contemporary challenges disregards the wide variety of benthic communities (BCs) that could be associated with contrasted dynamics when facing stressors. Accordingly, this study investigates the number, characteristics, and distribution of BCs responsible for the development of coastal three‐dimensional structures in Taiwan. A total of 89 transects among three regions (north, east, and south) and two depths (−10 and −40 m) were characterized using a morpho‐functional categorization of benthic organisms. Using an unsupervised learning algorithm, k‐means cluster, an optimal number of k groups were identified among transects in order to minimize total intra‐group variance and represent a first level of organization, mirroring the number of BCs. Each BC was then described into prevailing categories and typified by an association with significant indicator groups. Their distributions were further examined and tested among regions and depths. Seven BCs were identified as having different composition and indicator categories. Their distributions suggest that, while sea surface temperature and light regime may be associated with a panel of available BCs, local conditions may have the final say on whether a BC eventually thrives at a given location. Overall, this study proposes an innovative and simple analytical framework for acknowledging differences among BCs. Our results encourage greater consideration of these shades in coral reef ecology studies, as they could conceal a variety of roles and dynamics important for the conservation of these endangered ecosystems.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus, which is different from myocardial damage caused by coronary ischemia, hypertension, and valvular disease. DCM lacks distinct clinical manifestations in its early stages, and current therapeutic approaches primarily focus on symptomatic management. Emerging evidence indicates that even with optimized glycemic regulation, the pathophysiological progression of DCM remains unmitigated. Exploring the pathogenic mechanism of DCM is the focus and hotspot of current research. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulatory cell death, is crucial in DCM myocardial damage. Dysfunctional antioxidant defense system, increased oxidative stress, and elevated reactive oxygen species are the key mechanisms of ferroptosis in DCM. Thus, this review innovatively takes antioxidant proteins as the entry point, and for the first time systematically summarizes the molecular mechanism of antioxidant proteins to improve DCM by regulating the ferroptosis pathway, and summarizes the therapeutic strategy of medications to enhance ferroptosis in DCM by targeting the expression of antioxidant proteins, to explore the potential targets to improve ferroptosis in DCM, to provide a new perspective for the study of delaying the progression of DCM.

Stroke has caused tremendous social stress worldwide, yet despite decades of research and development of new stroke drugs, most have failed and rt-PA (Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) is still the accepted treatment for ischemic stroke. the complexity of the stroke mechanism has led to unsatisfactory efficacy of most drugs in clinical trials, indicating that there are still many gaps in our understanding of stroke. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death (PCD) with inflammatory properties and are thought to be closely associated with stroke. Pyroptosis is regulated by the GSDMD of the gasdermin family, which when cleaved by Caspase-1/Caspase-11 into N-GSDMD with pore-forming activity can bind to the plasma membrane to form small 10–20 nm pores, which would allow the release of inflammatory factors IL-18 and IL-1β before cell rupture, greatly exacerbating the inflammatory response. The pyroptosis occurs mainly in the border zone of cerebral infarction, and glial cells, neuronal cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) all undergo pyroptosis after stroke, which largely exacerbates the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus aggravates brain injury. Therefore, pyroptosis may be a good direction for the treatment of stroke. In this review, we focus on the latest mechanisms of action of pyroptosis and the process by which pyroptosis regulates stroke development. We also suggest potential therapeutic stroke drugs that target the pyroptosis pathway, providing additional therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of stroke.

In the era of the experience economy, the tourist experience has become a key factor in the development of tourist destinations. Unlike traditional sightseeing experiences, tourism cultural experiences allow for engagement in cultural activities at the destination, thereby fostering a deeper emotional connection with the local community, which subsequently influences tourists’ citizenship behavior. The “Village Basketball League” in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province is characterized as a form of tourism cultural experience with high integration and strong involvement. This study presents the “Village Basketball League” in Taijiang County as a case study. Grounded in SOR (Stimuli-Organism-Response) theory and involvement theory, this study explores the influencing factors of tourist citizenship behaviors from the perspective of the integration of culture and sports and constructs a structural equation model that includes tourism cultural experience, tourists’ involvement, flow experience, and tourist citizenship behaviors. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS 4.0 on questionnaires completed by 314 tourists. The results indicate that: (1) The tourism cultural experience positively affects tourist feedback behaviors, tourist recommendation behaviors, and flow experience; (2) Flow experience positively influences tourist feedback behaviors and recommendation behaviors; (3) Flow experience serves as a mediator between the tourism cultural experience and both tourist feedback behaviors and tourist recommendation behaviors; (4) Tourists’ involvement negatively moderates the predictive effect of tourism cultural experience on flow experience. The research findings offer valuable insights for decision-making regarding the development of tourism destinations and offer guidance for tourism development and management.