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Keyframes are a summary representation of motion capture data, which provide the basis for compression, retrieval, overview and reuse of motion capture data. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to extract keyframes from motion capture data. This approach uses the angle of rotation of limbs and the distance between joints as the feature representation of human movement and calculates limb saliency based on the multiscale saliency of each motion feature. Then the weighted sum of limb saliency is defined as pose saliency, and the frames corresponding to the local maxima on the pose saliency curve are extracted as the initial keyframes. Finally, guided by the initial keyframes, the optimal keyframes are extracted based on the reconstruction error optimization algorithm. Experiments demonstrate that this approach can effectively extract the keyframes with high visual perceptual quality and low reconstruction error, and better meet the needs of real-time analysis and compression of motion capture data.

Temperature and precipitation are expected to increase in the forthcoming decades in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, with uncertain effects of their interaction on plant and soil carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry in alpine ecosystems. A two-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of warming, precipitation increase, and their interaction on soil and plant C:N:P stoichiometry at functional groups and community level in an alpine meadow. Warming increased aboveground biomass of legumes and N:P ratios of grasses and community, but did not affect soil C:N:P stoichiometry. The piecewise structural equation model (SEM) indicated that the positive effect of warming on community N:P ratio was mainly resulted from its positive influence on the aboveground biomass of functional groups. Precipitation increase reduced C:N ratios of soil, grasses, and community, indicating the alleviation in soil N-limitation and the reduction in N use efficiency of plant. SEM also demonstrated the decisive role of grasses C:N:P stoichiometry on the response of community C:N:P stoichiometry to precipitation increase. The interaction of warming and precipitation increase did not alter plant community and soil, N:P and C:P ratios, which was resulting from their antagonistic effects. The stable soil and plant community C:N:P stoichiometry raised important implications that the effect of warming was offset by precipitation increase. Our study highlights the importance of considering the interaction between warming and precipitation increase when predicting the impacts of climate change on biogeochemical cycles in alpine meadow ecosystems.

Histopathology plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of breast diseases. Early diagnosis and adjuvant therapy are of great help to patients. With the development of deep learning, fully convolutional networks (FCNs) have achieved remarkable results in the field of segmentation. However, this approach suffers from obtaining sufficient labelled data and underperforms when it comes to a new domain. Recently, adversarial learning becomes prevalent in domain adaptation, which is able to transfer learned knowledge between domains and greatly reduces the workload of labeling. In this paper, we propose a new domain adaptation method, which consists of three steps: adversarial learning, data selection and pseudo-label model refinement. Our method combines the advantages of adversarial learning and pseudo-labelling for domain adaptation. We also introduce a new data selection method to select target domain data with their pseudo-label for model refinement, considering prediction confidence and representativeness, which further strengths the model capability in target domain. We evaluate our method on private HE- and IHC-stained datasets. In order to strength the robustness, the color augmentation is utilized in this paper, the cross-domain prediction performance has been improved from 0.213 Dice to 0.703 Dice . The experimental results show that with only using unlabeled data, the proposed method can achieve 0.846 Dice on target domain, which outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 1.8%. Highlights The dataset is standard collected and labeled by the professional cooperative doctors and hospital, which means the dataset has a high research and reference value. The influence of color disturbance on the training effect of segmentation network is analyzed, and gave a through study to this problem. Domain-adaptive method was utilized to relieve the scarcity of data caused cross-domain histopathological segmentation problem, and achieved remarkable performance on cross-domain breast cancer segmentation. In order to ensure the data has a highly reliability, an entropy sorting-based data sorting method is proposed. A representative selection method is proposed to select the high representativeness and reference data, which can make our proposed network achieve enough discriminative and robustness.

Rural decentralized domestic wastewater treatment (DDWT) facilities, as an alternative to centralized sewage treatment plants, have been rapidly developed in rural areas worldwide. However, the lack of performance evaluations and operational status assessments of these facilities poses a significant obstacle to advancements in rural domestic wastewater treatment strategies. In the present study, 30 rural DDWT facilities with AO (anoxic/oxic) and AAO (anaerobic/anoxic/oxic) processes were investigated. The results revealed that only two facilities reached the first A-grade discharge standards of China, and twelve facilities met the first B-grade discharge standards for all ten wastewater quality indicators. Low standard-achieving ratios for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) (63.3%), total nitrogen (TN) (60.0%), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (63.3%), total phosphorus (TP) (30.0%), suspended solids (SS) (46.7%), and fecal coliforms (FC) (26.7%) were calculated. Thus, it is essential to improve the treatment efficiency for BOD5, TN, NH3-N, TP, SS, and FC for rural wastewater treatment facilities. In addition, the AAO process had a median weighted average removal efficiency of 82.02%, which was better than that of the AO process (72.48%). Minor equipment failure rates, i.e., less than 20%, did not affect the operation of the rural DDWT facilities, since most equipment in the DDWT facilities was backed up. Notably, problems in several areas, e.g., process design, equipment selection, construction, and especially operations, influencing treatment performance should be investigated and proactively addressed. These findings provide specific suggestions for improvements that could benefit the long-term operation and management of rural DDWT facilities.

In order to solve the rotary sealing problem of rotary shaft in drum shearer combined cutting system, the material and structure of combined cutting system rotary sealing device needs to be selected and designed. In the paper, the rotary sealing structure of four grades in series was designed first, and then the material of NBR-40 and PTFE 4FT-4 under the separate static and dynamic sealing tests were carried out on the combined tooth-slip-ring sealing test-bed. The tests show that the NBR-40 O-Ring with PTFE 4FT-4 tooth-slip-ring has no low-pressure leakage problem and low leakage in the sealing progress, the sealing effect of which is the best.

In this paper, the singularity analysis method based on the continuous wave for the vibration signal of the plunger pump liquid valve under different conditions was studied, and the LMS based weighted least square method with good robustness and validity was proposed to calculate the LPZ index, which was the judgment criterion for fault of liquid valve mechanical spring. Fault diagnostic test results showed that the method could overcome the singularity of the binary discrete wave in the detection and quantitative accuracy problem, realize the accurate positioning of the singular point in the signal, identify the liquid valve disc in the spring break state to the liquid valve seat or lift limit the impact of the moment, and determine the fault of the liquid valve mechanical spring effectively.

Backgrounds Climate change is well-known to alter the structure and function of grassland ecosystems, and multifunctionality contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecosystem functions. Warming and humidification are predicted to be the climate change trend on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, understanding of how long-term warming and increased precipitation affect ecosystem multifunctionality in alpine meadows is still limited. Methods Here, we conducted an 8-year field experiment involving warming and increased precipitation in an alpine meadow to explore how warming, increased precipitation, and their interaction affect ecosystem multifunctionality. Results The results indicated that increased precipitation had a positive effect on ecosystem multifunctionality. However, warming and the interaction of warming and precipitation had no significant effects on it. Warming decreased species richness and plant coverage. Increased precipitation enhanced aboveground carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools of plant community, and soil moisture, but decreased soil pH. Aboveground P and N pools of plant community and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were important predictors of ecosystem multifunctionality. Conclusion This study demonstrated long-term increased precipitation can enhance ecosystem multifunctionality by indirectly affecting the individual functions (aboveground P and N pools of plant community and MBN), soil moisture, and pH in an alpine meadow. These findings highlighted that increased precipitation is more critical than warming for enhancing ecosystem multifunctionality in semi-arid alpine meadows.

Objective. To compare of the efficacy and safety of neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgeries and intracranial endoscopic pterional approach in resection of tuberculum sellae meningioma. Methods. From January 2014 to June 2021, 60 patients with tuberculum sellae meningioma diagnosed and treated in our hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into study group and control group. The tuberculum sellae meningioma was removed by neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgeries in the study group, while the intracranial endoscopic pterional approach was used in the control group. The chi-square test was used to compare the differences of tumor complete resection rate, visual acuity improvement rate, total effective rate at 3 months after operation, and adverse reactions between the two groups. Results. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were comparable (P>0.05). After surgical treatment, the complete resection rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group (93.3% vs 70.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.020). After treatment, the visual acuity improvement rate of the study group was 83.3% (25/30), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (60.0%, 18/30), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.022, P=0.045). After surgical treatment, the total effective rate at 3 months after operation was higher in the study group than in the control group (96.7% vs 83.3%), with statistical significance (P=0.041). There was no significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions between the study group and control group (33.3% vs 30.0%, P=0.781). Conclusion. The neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgeries has significant efficacy and can significantly improve the visual acuity of patients without increasing adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

The waterproofing is the most essential technical specification and the difficult problem in civil engineering specially in the water draining water construction and the tunnel. Formerly, we used guard against infiltrate the concrete or in guard against the aqueous phase union with the outside waterproofing two defense lines, the effect actually not entirely as desired. In this paper, through combining engineering practice, raise a processing project of tunnel waterproofing constructions, based on the rigid-soft combination principle.

Expatiate the forms of underground cavities extending section. Express the character and application range of every form. The stress-strain states of rock around garage, in each form at each step, were defined through carry out numerical simulation by using the ANSYS program.