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Attention on harmful effects of psychological interventions for adult post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, yet a comprehensive meta-analysis is lacking. To summarise incidences and relative risks of deterioration, adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) in trials of psychological interventions for adult PTSD. We searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Web of Science and PTSDpubs from inception to 21 April 2022 for sufficiently large ( ≥ 20) randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the incidence of harms. We included 56 RCTs (4230 patients). Incidences of harms were generally low (0-5%). Psychological interventions were associated with decreased risk of deterioration relative to passive (RR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.15-0.28) and active control conditions (RR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.92). Decreased risk was even more pronounced in sensitivity analyses on trials exclusively delivering treatments face to face. When compared with other psychological interventions, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) was associated with decreased risk of SAEs (RR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.95) and with no differential risk of deterioration and AEs. The current evidence base suggests that psychological interventions are safe for most adults with PTSD. In none of the analyses were psychological interventions associated with an increased risk of harm compared with control conditions. TF-CBT was found at least as safe as other psychological interventions. Individual face-to-face delivery might be the safest delivery format. However, more data are needed to draw firmer conclusions. We encourage research teams to routinely and thoroughly assess and report the incidence of harms and their causes.

The control of the in-plane domain evolution in ferroelectric thin films is not only critical to understanding ferroelectric phenomena but also to enabling functional device fabrication. However, in-plane polarized ferroelectric thin films typically exhibit complicated multi-domain states, not desirable for optoelectronic device performance. Here we report a strategy combining interfacial symmetry engineering and anisotropic strain to design single-domain, in-plane polarized ferroelectric BaTiO 3 thin films. Theoretical calculations predict the key role of the BaTiO 3 /PrScO 3 ( 110 ) O substrate interfacial environment, where anisotropic strain, monoclinic distortions, and interfacial electrostatic potential stabilize a single-variant spontaneous polarization. A combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy, piezoresponse force microscopy, ferroelectric hysteresis loop measurements, and second harmonic generation measurements directly reveals the stabilization of the in-plane quasi-single-domain polarization state. This work offers design principles for engineering in-plane domains of ferroelectric oxide thin films, which is a prerequisite for high performance optoelectronic devices. In-plane polarized ferroelectric thin films typically exhibit complicated multidomain states, not desirable for optoelectronic device performance. Here, the authors combine interfacial symmetry engineering and anisotropic strain to design single-domain in-plane polarized ferroelectric BaTiO 3 films.

Strain-coupled magnetoelectric (ME) phenomena in piezoelectric/ferromagnetic thin-film bilayers are a promising paradigm for sensors and information storage devices, where strain manipulates the magnetization of the ferromagnetic film. In-plane magnetization rotation with an electric field across the film thickness has been challenging due to the large reduction of in-plane piezoelectric strain by substrate clamping, and in two-terminal devices, the requirement of anisotropic in-plane strain. Here we show that these limitations can be overcome by designing the piezoelectric strain tensor using the boundary interaction between biased and unbiased piezoelectric. We fabricated 500 nm thick, (001) oriented [Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ] 0.7 -[PbTiO 3 ] 0.3 (PMN-PT) unclamped piezoelectric membranes with ferromagnetic Ni overlayers. Guided by analytical and numerical continuum elastic calculations, we designed and fabricated two-terminal devices exhibiting electric field-driven Ni magnetization rotation. We develop a method that can apply designed strain patterns to many other materials systems to control properties such as superconductivity, band topology, conductivity, and optical response.

An important background in detectors using liquid xenon for rare event searches arises from the decays of radon and its daughters. We report for the first time a reduction of 222 Rn in the gas phase above a liquid xenon reservoir. We show a reduction factor of ≳ 4 for the 222 Rn concentration in boil-off xenon gas compared to the radon enriched liquid phase. A semiconductor-based α -detector and miniaturized proportional counters are used to detect the radon. As the radon depletion in the boil-off gas is understood as a single-stage distillation process, this result establishes the suitability of cryogenic distillation to separate radon from xenon down to the 10 - 15  mol/mol level.

Though peace and a new inclusive form of politics were promised, Museveni's Uganda has been plagued by a series of civil wars. This article explains the continuation of and propensity towards conflict by focusing on the country's ' elite bargain', defined as the distribution of positions of state power between contending social groups. Analysing Uganda's elite bargain in terms of political, economic, military, and territorial power sharing, the article argues that it has been only partially inclusive. Political, military, and economic power have remained ethnically biased in favour of groups from western and central Uganda, and this in turn has been a major driver of recurrent civil wars. Increased territorial power sharing since the late 1990s helps explain the recent decline in violent conflict, and may also help prevent new civil wars.

In southern New England forests, small mammals provide essential contributions to ecosystem functioning via food-web interactions and seed dispersal. This region has been exposed to extensive habitat fragmentation due to residential and agricultural development, resulting in a considerable amount of edge habitat, in addition to naturally occurring landscape heterogeneity. Limited research has been conducted relating small-mammal species richness and abundance to different types of edge habitat in this region. Studies incorporating an analysis of variation in both fine-scale vegetation and coarse-scale landscape variation are even more limited. We compared small-mammal richness, total abundance, and abundance of Peromyscus maniculatus (Deer Mouse), Peromyscus leucopus (White-footed Mouse), Myodes gapperi (Red-backed Vole), Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk), and Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Eastern Red Squirrel) at developed-edge, wetland-edge, and forest-interior sites. We also measured vegetation and landscape variables to understand how variation in characteristics at different scales affected small-mammal measures. We selected 4 sites of each edge type and used Sherman live-traps during the summers of 2009–2010 to survey small-mammal populations (75 traps for 4 nights at 12 sites for 2 y = 7200 trap-nights). We did not find differences among edge types and interior forest for total abundance, richness, and abundance of the 5 small-mammal species with sufficient data for analysis. However, vegetation variables and landscape variables were significantly associated with small-mammal populations. Step-wise linear regression included vegetation variables for 4 of the 5 species, and various landscape scales were included in all analyses except abundance of Peromyscus adults. Patch size was included in 4 analyses (positive for total abundance, White-footed Mouse, and Red-backed Vole; negative for Eastern Chipmunk). We found conifer basal area to have a positive relationship with abundance of Peromyscus adults and Red-backed Voles, but a negative relationship with abundance of Peromyscus juveniles and Eastern Red Squirrels. Species abundance and richness of small-mammal communities and populations in northeastern Massachusetts were related to both fine-scale vegetation differences and coarse-scale landscape metrics, but these relationships were complex and scale-dependent.

Alternative feed supplements have shown promising effects in performance, but effects on welfare have had little evaluation. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the effect of diet supplementation on welfare indicators. A total of 246 piglets were weaned and transported for a 12h. After transport, they were assigned to one of 3 diets fed for a 14-day period: A – an antibiotic diet including chlortetracycline and tiamulin, NA – a control diet without any antibiotic or feed supplement, GLN – a diet including 0.20% L-glutamine. After the 14-day period, all piglets were fed the same diet. Tear staining was measured 11 times post-weaning (from d0 to 147). Skin lesions were counted before and after weaning (d-2, 2 and 36). Novel object tests (NOT) were done in groups 4 times post-weaning (d17, 47, 85, 111). Samples for 16S microbial DNA composition were collected prior to transport (d0), following the 14-day period (d14) and at the conclusion of the nursery phase (d34). The NA pigs appeared less interested by novel objects. On d17, they avoided the object less than A pigs (P < 0.05). They spent less time exploring the object on d85 and took longer to interact with the object on d111 than A and GLN pigs (P < 0.05). NA pigs also appeared more sensitive to environment and management. They had larger tear stains than GLN pigs on d84 and 110 (P < 0.05). On d2, NA pigs had more lesions than A and GLN (P < 0.01). In terms of microbiota composition, GLN had higher -diversity than A and NA (P < 0.001). Differences between dietary treatments were absent at d0, were all demonstrated at d14 and disappeared at d34. Pearson correlations between aggression, stress and anxiety indicators and bacterial populations were medium to high from 0.31 to 0.69. The results demonstrate that short-term feeding strategy can have both short- and long-term effects on behavior and welfare, that may partly be explained by changes in gut microbiota composition. Supplementation with GLN appears to confer similar benefits to, and thus could be a viable alternative to dietary antibiotics.

Background:Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, heterogeneous autoimmune disease with dysfunction of the salivary and lachrymal glands and extraglandular organ manifestations. Currently, diagnosing pSS in patients with dryness of the glands is mostly based on the presence of serological markers (Ro/SSA and La/SSB), which were found in 40-68% of patients with pSS. Diagnosing pSS in Ro/SSA negative patients is far more challenging and relies on the histological evidence of lymphocyte foci in biopsies of salivary glands or on salivary gland ultrasound. There is an interest in novel autoantibodies that can be used for the identification of Ro/SSA negative patients, and that may predict organ involvement or treatment outcome.Objectives:We aimed to identify novel autoantibodies associated with pSS, in particular with the Ro/SSA negative subset and with its organ manifestations.Methods:PSS-specific IgG and IgA autoantibody reactivity of 82 novel autoantibodies, selected in a discovery phase based on large Luminex bead-based antigen arrays, as well as 7 previously published candidates were examined in a validation cohort of 347 pSS patients, 136 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 123 healthy controls. IgG autoantibodies against the muscarinic receptor M3 and M5 (not measured in the discovery phase) were additionally investigated in the validation step by means of ELISA.Results:Autoantibody reactivity against 70 of the 82 novel preselected autoantibodies was confirmed (p≤0.05) and each of the 70 novel autoantibodies were found in up to 26% of pSS patients. Random forest classification was executed to develop a biomarker panel for diagnostic prediction of patients without antibodies against Ro/SSA, resulting in a panel of eight markers: anti-BTBD7, anti-CCL4, anti-M5, anti-HNRNPA1, anti-KDM6B, anti-TMPO, anti-TONSL and anti-OAS3. This panel identified 53% of pSS patients without Ro/SSA autoantibodies, demonstrating an area under the curve of 0.85 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.97) with a sensitivity of 73%, a specificity of 94%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 82.5%. Reactivity of autoantibodies was associated with clinical disease manifestations, such as pulmonary involvement.Conclusion:Several novel autoantibodies in patients with pSS were discovered in this study. This shows the potential of additional autoantibodies to improve diagnostic procedures of these patients, especially in patients without antibodies against Ro/SSA.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2155 - project number 390874280.Disclosure of Interests:Fiona Engelke: None declared, Petra Budde: None declared, Salvatore De Vita: None declared, Thomas Dörner: None declared, Diana Ernst: None declared, Jan Gras: None declared, Harald Heidecke: None declared, Annika Loredana Kilian: None declared, Katja Kniesch: None declared, Ann-Sophie Lindemann: None declared, Jacob Ritter: None declared, Benjamin Seeliger Lecturing Fees Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, IMP for a study funded by non-pharmaceutical entities (Astra Zeneca), Hans-Dieter Zucht: None declared, Torsten Witte Abbvie, UCB, Novartis, Janssen, Chugai, Roche, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Medac, Takeda, GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim, Abbvie, UCB, Novartis, Janssen, Fresenius, Boehringer Ingelheim, Abbvie, Novartis, Takeda.

ABSTRACTThe complete genome sequence of Cyanobacterium sp. strain HL-69 consists of 3,155,247 bp and contains 2,897 predicted genes comprising a chromosome and two plasmids. The genome is consistent with a halophilic nondiazotrophic phototrophic lifestyle, and this organism is able to synthesize most B vitamins and produces several secondary metabolites.

Background: Epothilones are a novel class of microtubule-stabilising agents, and sagopilone is a fully synthetic epothilone that has shown marked in vivo and in vitro preclinical activity. Methods: This phase I, open-label study investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of weekly sagopilone. Twenty-three patients with malignancy resistant or refractory to standard treatment were enrolled into this study evaluating sagopilone doses from 0.6 to 7.0 mg m −2 . Results: The incidence of drug-related haematological adverse events (AEs) was low, with two grade 3 events observed. Nonhaematological AEs were generally mild and reversible; increased γ -GT was the only grade 4 event and grade 3 events comprised peripheral neuropathy ( n =2), diarrhoea ( n =1) and fatigue ( n =1). Two grade 3 events were DLTs (diarrhoea and peripheral neuropathy at 7.0 mg m −2 ). The MTD of weekly sagopilone was therefore established as 5.3 mg m −2 . Stable disease was the best overall response ( n =3). Microtubule bundle formation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased post-treatment, peaking after 1 h. Sagopilone disposition was similar across treatment courses and showed rapidly decreasing serum concentrations after infusion end and a long terminal disposition phase with no obvious accumulation in the serum, probably reflecting a fast uptake into tissues followed by a slow release. Conclusion: Weekly administration of sagopilone could represent an alternative to the 3-weekly administration currently evaluated in phase II trials.