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Lonely Planet Best of Malaysia & Singapore is your passport to Malaysia and Singapore's top sights and most authentic experiences. Enjoy some of Malaysia's best food in charismatic George Town, hunt out giant rafflesia flowers in Sarawak or sing karaoke at the Jonker Walk Night Market, all with your trusted travel companion.

Many websites encourage their users to write reviews for a wide variety of products and services. In particular, movie reviews may influence the decisions of potential viewers. However, users face the arduous tasks of summarizing the information in multiple reviews and determining the useful and relevant reviews among a very large number of reviews. Therefore, we developed machine learning (ML) models to classify whether an online movie review has positive or negative sentiment. We utilized the Stanford Large Movie Review Dataset to build models using decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines (SVMs). Further, we compiled a new dataset comprising reviews from IMDb posted in 2019 and 2020 to assess whether sentiment changed owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our results show that the random forests and SVM models provide the best classification accuracies of 85.27% and 86.18%, respectively. Further, we find that movie reviews became more negative in 2020. However, statistical tests show that this change in sentiment cannot be discerned from our model predictions.

The Mercury Imaging X-ray Spectrometer is a highly novel instrument that is designed to map Mercury’s elemental composition from orbit at two angular resolutions. By observing the fluorescence X-rays generated when solar-coronal X-rays and charged particles interact with the surface regolith, MIXS will be able to measure the atomic composition of the upper ∼10-20 μm of Mercury’s surface on the day-side. Through precipitating particles on the night-side, MIXS will also determine the dynamic interaction of the planet’s surface with the surrounding space environment. MIXS is composed of two complementary elements: MIXS-C is a collimated instrument which will achieve global coverage at a similar spatial resolution to that achieved (in the northern hemisphere only – i.e. ∼ 50 – 100 km) by MESSENGER; MIXS-T is the first ever X-ray telescope to be sent to another planet and will, during periods of high solar activity (or intense precipitation of charged particles), reveal the X-ray flux from Mercury at better than 10 km resolution. The design, performance, scientific goals and operations plans of the instrument are discussed, including the initial results from commissioning in space.

BepiColombo, the joint ESA/JAXA mission to Mercury, was launched in October 2018 and is scheduled to arrive at Mercury in November 2026 after an 8-year cruise. Like other planetary missions, its scientific objectives focus mostly on the nominal, orbiting phase of the mission. However, due to the long duration of the cruise phase covering distances between 1.2 and 0.3 AU, the BepiColombo mission has been able to outstandingly contribute to characterise the solar wind and transient events encountered by the spacecraft, as well as planetary environments during the flybys of Earth, Venus, and Mercury, and contribute to the characterisation of the space radiation environment in the inner Solar System and its evolution with solar activity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the cruise observations of BepiColombo, highlighting the most relevant science cases, with the aim of demonstrating the importance of planetary missions to perform cruise observations, to contribute to a broader understanding of Space Weather in the Solar System, and in turn, increase the scientific return of the mission. Graphical Abstract

A 16-year-old girl is admitted with a paracetamol overdose, but refuses treatment. This article explores the legal, ethical and practical aspects of this case, which led ultimately to an application to the court for a judicial order.

Data from MESSENGER and the GOES solar activity archive are used to deduce properties of Mercury and its X-ray environment in preparation for the forthcoming ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury. Data from MESSENGER’s X-ray spectrometer operations at Mercury exhibit background X-ray enhancements which are identified as the results of astrophysical sources crossing the instrument field of view and of electron bombardment of the X-ray spectrometer causing fluorescence within the instrument. These electron enhancements are analysed and mapped, leading to a three-dimensional representation of low-energy electron populations in the Mercury environment, the distributions of which are associated with features of Mercury’s magnetosphere, including the sunward magnetopause and magnetic equator. The population is characterised, producing estimates of low-energy electron number densities which are consistent with previous observations. Thus, the X-ray spectrometer functions as a proxy detector for electrons with energies below the threshold of dedicated electron detectors. Variations in seasonal X-ray background flux observed by the MESSENGER X-ray spectrometer are investigated, with a modulation visible with a periodicity of one Mercury year. Several telemetry parameters, including temperature, show corresponding variations. The origin of the variation in background flux is identified as the calculation in spacecraft telemetry relating instrument live time to instrument integration time, which varies on the same yearly period. The GOES solar activity archive is used to generate a model of solar X-ray flux levels, with the intention of providing an estimate of the levels of X-ray flux the BepiColombo mission will encounter, and subsequently the volume and rate of data that the MIXS instrument will produce. This model is used to predict the likelihood of the instrument experiencing data loss events by exceeding the data storage available, and how this likelihood varies with the level of solar flux and the onboard storage space that is allocated to the instrument.

Situated within the novel Vanity Fair (1847-48), by William Makepeace Thackeray, is the portrait of a gentleman of noble birth and the highest influence; he also happens to be a fiend. Lord Steyne is one of the most infamous characters in English literature, and yet he is also a caricature of the 3rd Marquess of Hertford (1777-1842), a prominent member of the English aristocracy, and a preeminent connoisseur of French 18th century fine and decorative arts. I would like to take this opportunity however, to address him not as Vanity Fair’s antagonist, but as a founder of today’s Wallace Collection. The 3rd Marquess was a well-known Francophile. Although he only lived in Paris for a short time, he was noted for his attraction to the luxury and refinement of 18th century French art. His son, the 4th Marquess (1800-1870), inherited his father’s preference for 18th century French art, and held a similar, privileged position within both English and French society. A man renowned for his eccentricity, the 4th Marquess further developed his father’s collection of ancien régime artworks, purchasing many masterpieces directly from the French nobility and from auction houses in London. What can be said of the 4thMarquess’ collection is that its size can only be matched by the quality of the artworks within it.To understand how the 4th Marquesses formed this collection, we need to examine the historical context of its establishment. English art collecting during the 18th century was on the rise. Before the 18th century, the acquisition of art in England had been a private privilege of the landed gentry. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688 however the adoption of the Dutch economic model resulted in a substantial increase in international trade and the creation of a wealthy merchant and banking class with money to spare.1Socio-economic changes such as these mark a pivotal shift in collecting as the English art market emerged in the public-sphere.The opening of auction houses in the United Kingdom can be traced to the mid18th century, when the public auction became a place for the buyer to display his or her wealth and influence. Two major examples of professionalized auction houses were Sotheby’s, founded in 1744 by Samuel Baker, and Christie’s, founded in 1766 by James Christie.2In contrast with this dominance of public auction houses, French art markets were largely associated with court culture at Versailles as well as private patronage and private dealers. However, toward the end of his reign, Louis XVI (1754-1793) did host auctions at Versailles, extending invitations to aristocrats internationally, in an effort to spur the art market forward and generate revenue for the declining French economy. Many of these auctions promoted of the Sèvres Manufactory, and Louis XVI often intimidated the aristocracy into purchasing porcelains at incredibly inflated prices.Then, in 1789, the French Revolution and the ensuing Reign of Terror became catalysts for yet another shift in the art markets that had been developing over the course of the 18thcentury. There were now the auctions of fine and decorative artworks previously in the possession of the fleeing French aristocracy, and the majority of the French art market was transferred to London and the Low Countries.

Mercury is the archetype of a weakly magnetized, airless, telluric body immersed in the solar wind. Due to the lack of any substantial atmosphere, the solar wind directly precipitates on Mercury's surface. Using a 3D fully-kinetic self-consistent plasma model, we show for the first time that solar-wind electron precipitation drives (i) efficient ionization of multiple species (H, He, O and Mn) in Mercury's neutral exosphere and (ii) emission of X-rays from the planet's surface. This is the first, independent evidence of X-ray auroras on Mercury using a numerical approach.

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, possesses a weak intrinsic magnetic field and has only a very tenuous atmosphere (exosphere). These three conditions result in a direct coupling between the plasma emitted from the Sun (namely the solar wind) and Mercury's surface. The planet's magnetic field leads to a non-trivial pattern of plasma precipitation onto the surface, that is expected to contribute to the alteration of the regolith over geological time scales. The goal of this work is to study the solar wind plasma precipitation onto the surface of Mercury from a geographical perspective, as opposed to the local-time-of-day approach of previous precipitation modeling studies. We employ solar wind precipitation maps for protons and electrons from two fully-kinetic numerical simulations of Mercury's plasma environment. These maps are then integrated over two full Mercury orbits (176 Earth days). We found that the plasma precipitation pattern at the surface is most strongly affected by the upstream solar wind conditions, particularly by the interplanetary magnetic field direction, and less by Mercury's 3:2 spin-orbit resonance. We also found that Mercury's magnetic field is able to shield the surface from roughly 90% of the incoming solar wind flux. At the surface, protons have a broad energy distribution from below 500 eV to more than 1.5 keV; while electrons are mostly found in the range 0.1-4 keV. These results will help to better constrain space weathering and exosphere source processes at Mercury, as well as to interpret observations by the ongoing ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission.