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Background and purpose Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a chronic neurological disease resulting in progressive gait and cognitive disorders. We investigated whether the gait phenotype is associated with the severity of cognitive deficits in iNPH. Methods This retrospective study recruited 88 patients (mean age = 76.18 ± 7.21 years, 42% female). Patients were initially referred for suspicion of iNPH and underwent a comprehensive analysis, including gait analysis and cognitive evaluation. Results In this cohort (27% normal gait, 25% frontal gait, 16% parkinsonian gait, 27% other gait abnormalities), patients with parkinsonian and frontal gait had the lowest Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and the slowest gait speed. Patients with normal gait had the highest MMSE scores and gait speed. Frontal gait was associated with lower MMSE score, even after adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, white matter lesions, and education level (β = −0.221 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −3.718 to −0.150], p = 0.034). Normal gait was associated with the best MMSE scores, even after adjusting for the abovementioned variables (β = 0.231 [95% CI = 0.124–3.639], p = 0.036). Conclusions Gait phenotypes among iNPH patients are linked to global cognition as assessed with MMSE.

Background Promoting brain health is essential for addressing the growing burden of neurological disorders, with 45% of dementia cases linked to modifiable risk factors. The McCance Brain Care Score (BCS, Figure 1) supports risk reduction by empowering patients to adopt preventive strategies that modify established risk factors. However, no validated French‐language tools currently address modifiable determinants of brain health. This prospective study aims to validate a French version of the BCS (BCS‐F, Figure 2) and evaluate its effectiveness in motivating patients to improve their brain health. Method The BCS was translated into French through a forward and back translation process conducted by two independent translators, followed by validation by an expert committee. 95 patients (mean age 70.7±13.4 years, 39% female, mean MoCA score 22.3±5.5/30 points) were recruited from the Cognitive Disorders Outpatient Clinic between March 2024 and January 2025. 43 consecutive participants were assigned to the BCS‐F group and 52 to the standard of care (SoC) group. Key outcomes included patients’ willingness to improve brain health determinants and items targeted for change, which were compared between groups. Result Both groups were comparable in age, sex and general cognitive performance. 81 % (n = 35) of participants in the BCS‐F group and 48% (n = 25) of participants in the SoC group expressed a willingness to improve their brain health determinants, with blood pressure control, aerobic activity and alcohol consumption being the most frequently targeted factors. The administration of the BCS‐F was associated with a 69% increased probability of willingness to improve brain health (Risk Ratio: 1.69, p <0.001) compared to SoC, even after accounting for age as a confounding variable. One additional participant reported willingness to improve their brain health for every 3 patients who completed the survey (Number needed to treat: 3.00). Conclusion The BCS‐F proved an effective intervention in our cohort, enhancing willingness to act on brain health determinants. This suggests that BCS‐F has the potential to address the scarcity of accessible brain health assessment tools for French‐speaking populations. Furthermore, BCS‐F may serve as a valuable resource for informing patients about their brain health and empowering them to improve modifiable risk factors for dementia, stroke, and depression.

Promoting brain health is essential for addressing the growing burden of neurological disorders, with 45% of dementia cases linked to modifiable risk factors. The McCance Brain Care Score (BCS, Figure 1) supports risk reduction by empowering patients to adopt preventive strategies that modify established risk factors. However, no validated French-language tools currently address modifiable determinants of brain health. This prospective study aims to validate a French version of the BCS (BCS-F, Figure 2) and evaluate its effectiveness in motivating patients to improve their brain health. The BCS was translated into French through a forward and back translation process conducted by two independent translators, followed by validation by an expert committee. 95 patients (mean age 70.7±13.4 years, 39% female, mean MoCA score 22.3±5.5/30 points) were recruited from the Cognitive Disorders Outpatient Clinic between March 2024 and January 2025. 43 consecutive participants were assigned to the BCS-F group and 52 to the standard of care (SoC) group. Key outcomes included patients' willingness to improve brain health determinants and items targeted for change, which were compared between groups. Both groups were comparable in age, sex and general cognitive performance. 81 % (n = 35) of participants in the BCS-F group and 48% (n = 25) of participants in the SoC group expressed a willingness to improve their brain health determinants, with blood pressure control, aerobic activity and alcohol consumption being the most frequently targeted factors. The administration of the BCS-F was associated with a 69% increased probability of willingness to improve brain health (Risk Ratio: 1.69, p <0.001) compared to SoC, even after accounting for age as a confounding variable. One additional participant reported willingness to improve their brain health for every 3 patients who completed the survey (Number needed to treat: 3.00). The BCS-F proved an effective intervention in our cohort, enhancing willingness to act on brain health determinants. This suggests that BCS-F has the potential to address the scarcity of accessible brain health assessment tools for French-speaking populations. Furthermore, BCS-F may serve as a valuable resource for informing patients about their brain health and empowering them to improve modifiable risk factors for dementia, stroke, and depression.

This study presents a stereotactic microbiopsy technique for sampling defined brain regions in living mice, enabling transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses without sacrificing the animal. The method will allow pre-intervention tissue collection, making it possible to separate preexisting molecular differences from experience- or treatment-induced changes. We show that microbiopsies yield sufficient, high-quality RNA and chromatin for sequencing, with minimal tissue damage that largely resolves over time. The procedure uses standard stereotactic equipment and achieves reproducible spatial precision when the syringe is stabilised. This approach provides a practical framework for within-subject molecular comparisons, reducing animal use and enabling longitudinal profiling of the living mouse brain. It establishes a foundation for investigating how baseline molecular states influence later physiological or behavioural outcomes.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funder Information DeclaredSwiss National Science Foundation, 323630_214535Carigest SA