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We aimed to explore the factors affecting polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese women of reproductive age, and to evaluate the predictive value of neck circumference (NC), TyG index, and other composite indexes. A retrospective analysis was performed on 517 patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Shandong University and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2017 to January 2024. The research included 150 normal control cases (29.01%), 175 PCOS cases (33.85%), and 192 PCOS + MetS cases (37.14%). Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, blood lipids, and related hormones were detected. ANOVA, multi-factor logistic regression analysis and ROC curve prediction analysis were performed. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for PCOS + MetS predicted by NC and TyG were 3.516 (95%CI 1.910, 6.742) and 3.386 (95%CI 2.013, 6.208), respectively (all P  < 0.05). ROC curve analysis identified optimal cut-off values of 35.9 cm for NC (sensitivity 84.8%, specificity 72%, P  < 0.05) and 9.04 for TyG index (sensitivity 89.6%, specificity 65.5%, P  < 0.05), respectively. Our study suggests NC and TyG are significant predictors for PCOS + MetS, and compared to TyG index, NC is more convenient, intuitive, economical, and practical.

Objectives Observe the effect of integrated care for older people on intrinsic capacity in elderly patients. Methods Sixty elderly patients from department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between June 2021 and December 2021 were selected and divided into control group and intervention group with 30 patients in each group using random sampling method. Two groups implement routine care, and the intervention group implement integrated care by a “hospital-community-family” multidisciplinary team. After 12 weeks of intervention, the differences in frailty, cognition, depression scores, comprehension social support scores, and World Quality of Life Scale scores were compared between the two groups. Results Before intervention, there was no significant difference in the grip strength, step speed, frailty scores, cognition, depression scores, social support and quality of survival between the control group and the intervention group. After intervention, grip strength and depression scores improved both in the control group and the intervention group, but there was no difference between the two groups. Cognitive scores, comprehension social support and quality of survival scores improved only in the intervention group, while only the cognitive ability showed significant differences between the intervention group and the control group after 12 weeks of intervention ( P <0.05). Conclusions Integrated care for older people intervention can help to improve the intrinsic capacity of the patients, especially cognitive abilities.

Introduction Breast cancer Mammography (MAM) screening was proven to improve survival worldwide. However, younger patients with higher breast density made MAM less effective in China. It is necessary to establish Chinese-specific effective screening strategies. This study aims to explore the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted ultrasound breast cancer screening in China. Methods Eligible participants were those aged 35–69 years and were attending the Chinese \"Two Cancer (breast and cervical cancer) Screening\" program. Two districts were selected as cluster to receive either AI-assisted ultrasound screening or routine ultrasound screening. We obtained data on cancer diagnosis through active follow-up and linkage with municipal cancer registry. The primary outcome was improved screening sensitivity enabling the detection of more true-positive cases. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT06521788 (Initial Release Date: 07/22/2024). Results A total of 21,790 individuals in two districts were included in this study, with 8,736 participants in Hongkou district receiving AI-assisted ultrasound screening and 13,054 in Pudong district undergoing routine ultrasound screening. Of the 21,790 screened participants, 232 (10.7‰) tested positive, with AI detecting similar positivity rates compared to routine screening (12.2‰ vs. 9.6‰, P  = 0.07). After one year of follow-up, 49 participants were diagnosed with breast cancer: 30 were screen-detected cancers, and 19 were interval cancers. The AI group demonstrated a significantly higher screening sensitivity (75%, 95% CI 54.8–88.6) compared to the routine group (42.8%, 95% CI 22.6–65.6). AI-assisted screening identified more breast cancers than the routine screening group (AI: 21 of 8736; routine: 9 of 13,054, P  = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of interval cancer detection (AI: 7 of 8736; routine: 12 of 13,054, P  = 0.789). Furthermore, the proportion of early-stage cancers among screen-detected cases was significantly higher in the AI group (95.2%, 20/21) than in the routine group (88.9%, 8/9; p  < 0.001). Conclusions AI-assisted ultrasound screening significantly increases the detection rate of early breast cancers. Trial registration This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT 06521788 (Initial Release Date: 07/22/2024).

Background The reference values of eNO have certain differences among people of different countries and races. We aimed to obtain the reference value of eNO in healthy children and adolescents (6–18 years old) in China and to explore the associations between the reference values with ages, gender, heights, BMI, and regions. Methods We measured FeNO 50 levels in 5949 healthy Chinese children and adolescents, FeNO 200 and CaNO levels in 658 participants from 16 provinces of 7 administrative areas in China aged 6–18. All persons were studied after obtaining informed consent from children and their parents. Results The mean FeNO 50 of 5949 Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–18 years was 14.1 ppb, with a 95% confidence interval of 1-38.1 ppb. The mean FeNO 200 of 658 persons was 6.9 ppb with a 95% upper confidence interval of 15.0 ppb, and the mean CaNO was 3.0 ppb with a 95% upper confidence interval of 11.2 ppb. In the 6–11 age group, age and height were correlated with the logarithm of FeNO 50 ( P  < 0.001, P  < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the logarithm of FeNO 200 and gender, age, height and BMI (all P  > 0.05). The logarithm of CaNO was correlated with gender ( P  < 0.05). In the 12–18 age group, gender, height, and region were correlated with the logarithm of FeNO 50 (all P  < 0.001). There was only a weak correlation between the logarithm of FeNO 200 and height ( P  < 0.001). The logarithm of CaNO was negatively correlated with age ( P  < 0.05). Conclusions Higher FeNO 50 , FeNO 200 and CaNO values were found in healthy children and adolescents in China compared with foreign reports, and is affected by age, height, gender, and region. This study provides useful references for clinical application of eNO in children, especially Asian children.

Background Accurate spirometry reference equations are essential for diagnosing and managing respiratory conditions in children. Although the GLI Global Equations have been proposed for general use, there were few Asian populations available for inclusion. This study aims to develop and validate spirometric reference equations for healthy Chinese children. Methods From May 2018 to May 2021, a cross-sectional study involving healthy Chinese Han children aged 4 to 18 years was conducted by 33 research centers across 24 regions in China. Participants were recruited directly from schools, and physical growth indices (height, weight) were measured. Spirometry tests were performed and demographic and medical history data were collected through questionnaires. New prediction equations were developed using multiple linear regression models with age, height, and weight as predictors. And comparisons were made with existing Caucasian and Chinese pediatric reference equations. Results Lung function was assessed in 8929 healthy Chinese Han children. Age, weight, and height emerged as strong predictors of lung function ( p  < 0.001), and sex-specific reference equations incorporating these factors demonstrated high accuracy in internal validation, yielding mean z-scores within a narrow range of -0.004 to -0.069. In comparison, the Zapletal equations overestimated FEV 1 and FEV 1 /FVC while underestimating other lung function parameters. Additionally, the GLI equations underestimated lung function parameters, including FEV 1 , FVC, and FEV 1 /FVC, for both boys and girls. Compared to previous Chinese studies, the z-scores in this study ranged from − 0.97 to 0.93, with some cases showing significant deviations, highlighting the limitations of existing equations. Conclusion This study developed new spirometry reference equations tailored for healthy Chinese children, with differences noted compared to existing equations. These equations reflect contemporary growth patterns and regional diversity in China, providing an additional option for clinical use. Trial registration NO.: ChiCTR: 1,800,019,029. Registered 22 October 2018.

Background: Emerging long reads sequencing technology has greatly changed the landscape of whole-genome sequencing, enabling scientists to contribute to decoding the genetic information of non-model species. The sequences generated by PacBio or Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) be assembled de novo before further analyses. Some genome de novo assemblers have been developed to assemble long reads generated by ONT. The performance of these assemblers has not been completely investigated. However, genome assembly is still a challenging task.Methods and Results: We systematically evaluated the performance of nine de novo assemblers for ONT on different coverage depth datasets. Several metrics were measured to determine the performance of these tools, including N50 length, sequence coverage, runtime, easy operation, accuracy of genome and genomic completeness in varying depths of coverage. Based on the results of our assessments, the performances of these tools are summarized as follows: 1) Coverage depth has a significant effect on genome quality; 2) The level of contiguity of the assembled genome varies dramatically among different de novo tools; 3) The correctness of an assembled genome is closely related to the completeness of the genome. More than 30× nanopore data can be assembled into a relatively complete genome, the quality of which is highly dependent on the polishing using next generation sequencing data.Conclusion: Considering the results of our investigation, the advantage and disadvantage of each tool are summarized and guidelines of selecting assembly tools are provided under specific conditions.

The ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has emerged as an effective adjunctive analgesic technique for abdominal surgery. However, its use in older patients with significant ascites has been rarely documented. This report presents the anesthetic management of an older patient with massive ascites undergoing open laparotomy for an ovarian tumor. Preoperatively, 30 mL of 0.2% levobupivacaine was injected into the TAP under ultrasound guidance. The procedure was uneventful, with approximately 9,000 mL of ascitic fluid drained, along with the removal of a 13 × 13 × 7-cm left ovarian mass, an 8 × 5.5 × 4-cm uterus, and a 3.5 × 1 × 0.5-cm right ovary. Throughout the surgery, the patient maintained hemodynamic stability, with no significant fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate. Postoperatively, the patient reported minimal pain and experienced no adverse effects. These findings highlight the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided TAP block as an auxiliary anesthesia technique, providing enhanced analgesia, promoting hemodynamic stability, and improving overall anesthetic outcomes in older patients with substantial ascites.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the independent factors associated with depression in community-dwelling older adults in Wuhan, China. Methods: Four hundred and seventy older adults (aged ≥65 years) from four communities dwelling on Junshan Street in Wuhan, China were included in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire that asked questions pertaining to age, gender, educational level, income, living situation, care situation, social support, and social engagement. The 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), the Fried frailty phenotype scale, the activities of daily living (ADL) scale, the mini nutritional assessment scale-short form (MNA-SF), and the Mini-cog scale were used to assess depression, frailty, self-care ability, malnutritional risk, and cognitive dysfunction, respectively. Differences in age, gender, educational level, income, living situation, care situation, social support, social engagement, ADL score, risk of malnutrition, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction between the non-depression (GDS-30 score <10 points) and depression groups (GDS-30 score ≥10 points) were compared using a chi-square test. Moreover, correlations between factors and depression were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Then, significant variables ( p < 0.05) from the chi-square test were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to identify the independent factors associated with depression. Results: The incidence of depression among the participants was 14.04%. Age ( p < 0.001), educational level ( p < 0.001), living situation ( p < 0.001), social support ( p = 0.001), ADL score ( p = 0.023), frailty ( p < 0.001), and cognitive dysfunction ( p < 0.001) were all significantly associated with depression, in which age, poor social support, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction were identified as independent factors. Conclusion: Improving social support and effective interventions for frailty and cognitive dysfunction may help relieve depression in community-dwelling older adults.

Objective To establish the predicted value of pulmonary function determined by impulse oscillometry (IOS) in children (4–17 years old) in China. Methods A total of 6270 healthy children aged 4–17 years in China were included. The Master Screen IOS pulmonary function device (Jaeger Co, Germany) was used to detect the respiratory impedance (Zrs), resonant frequency (Fres), respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and respiratory system reactance (Xrs) at various oscillation frequencies, and the indices above were analysed. Stepwise multivariate regression was used to establish the regression equation of related parameters of IOS in different sexes, ages, height, and weight. Results The differences in the main IOS parameters between different age stages were statistically significant regardless of sex ( P  < 0.05). The stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that IOS parameters were related to height, age, and weight, and most IOS parameters were most closely related to height (the absolute value of the regression coefficient was the largest). With increasing age and height, the values of Z 5 , R 5 , R 20 , R 5 –R 20 , and Fres decreased, while the value of X 5 increased. Through height, age, and weight, we obtained the normal predicted values equation of children’s IOS parameters. Compared with the other reference equations, our reference equation is more suitable for Chinese children. Conclusions The study revealed the reference values of IOS parameters in healthy Chinese children. In the evaluation of results for lung function measurements, this predicted value equation is more consistent with the characteristics of Chinese children than other reference equations. Clinical Trial : ChiCTR: 1800019029.