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With ever-increasing concerns on health and environmental safety, there is a fast-growing interest in new technologies for medical devices and applications. Particularly, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology provides reliable and convenient power charging for implant medical devices without additional surgery. For those WPT medical systems, the width of the human body restricts the charging distance, while the specific absorption rate (SAR) standard limits the intensity of the electromagnetic field. In order to develop a high-efficient charging strategy for medical implants, the key factors of transmission distance, coil structure, resonant frequency, etc. are paid special attention. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of near-field WPT technologies in medical devices is presented and discussed. Also, future development is discussed for the prediction of different devices when embedded in various locations of the human body. Moreover, the key issues including power transfer efficiency and output power are addressed and analyzed. All concerning characteristics of WPT links for medical usage are elaborated and discussed. Thus, this review provides an in-depth investigation and the whole map for WPT technologies applied in medical applications.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) propulsion technology is significantly related to the flight performance of UAVs, which has become one of the most important development directions of aviation. It should be noted that UAVs have three types of propulsion systems, namely the fuel, hybrid fuel-electric, and pure electric, respectively. This paper presents and discusses the classification, working principles, characteristics, and critical technologies of these three types of propulsion systems. It is helpful to establish the development framework of the UAV propulsion system and provide the essential information on electric propulsion UAVs. Additionally, future technologies and development, including the high-power density motors, converters, power supplies, are discussed for the electric propulsion UAVs. In the near future, the electric propulsion system would be widely used in UAVs. The high-power density system would become the development trend of electric UAVs. Thus, this review article provides comprehensive views and multiple comparisons of propulsion systems for UAVs.

To explore the different processes of the themes and emotional evolution of various stakeholders in the network public opinion of sudden public health emergencies at different stages of the public opinion evolution lifecycle. This paper proposes a cross-platform analysis method for online public opinion during the public health emergencies based on stakeholders. Firstly, data from multiple platforms are collected and integrated. Secondly, stakeholders are categorized and the stages of public opinion evolution are determined based on stakeholder theory and lifecycle theory. Finally, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)+Word2vec model and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model are used to analyze the themes and emotional evolution of stakeholders during different stages of public opinion evolution. There are differences in the evolution patterns of different types of stakeholders. The evolution process of stakeholders' focus points exhibits a two-stage transition from concentration to divergence. The focus points of stakeholders are closely associated with their respective social domains. The emotions of the public undergo a three-stage process of positive-negative-positive change. This study can provide a reference for the government to have a more comprehensive understanding of the development trend of public opinion and reduce the negative impact of public opinion.

Electric machines with high torque density are needed in many applications, such as electric vehicles, electric robotics, electric ships, electric aircraft, etc. and they can avoid planetary gears thus reducing manufacturing costs. This paper presents a novel axial-radial flux permanent magnet (ARFPM) machine with high torque density. The proposed ARFPM machine integrates both axial-flux and radial-flux machine topologies in a compact space, which effectively improves the copper utilization of the machine. First, the radial rotor can balance the large axial forces on axial rotors and prevent them from deforming due to the forces. On the other hand, the machine adopts Halbach-array permanent magnets (PMs) on the rotors to suppress air-gap flux density harmonics. Also, the Halbach-array PMs can reduce the total attracted force on axial rotors. The operational principle of the ARFPM machine was investigated and analyzed. Then, 3D finite-element analysis (FEA) was conducted to show the merits of the ARFPM machine. Demonstration results with different parameters are compared to obtain an optimal structure. These indicated that the proposed ARFPM machine with Halbach-array PMs can achieve a more sinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF). In addition, a comparative analysis was conducted for the proposed ARFPM machine. The machine was compared with a conventional axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine and a radial-flux permanent magnet (RFPM) machine based on the same dimensions. This showed that the proposed ARFPM machine had the highest torque density and relatively small torque ripple.

Despite the clinical benefits of androgen deprivation therapy, most patients with advanced androgen‐dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) eventually relapse and progress to lethal androgen‐independent prostate cancer (AIPC), also termed castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MiRNAs can be packaged into exosomes (Exos) and shuttled between cells. However, the roles and mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs involved in CRPC progression have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we find that miR‐222‐3p is elevated in AIPC cells, which results in remarkable enhancement of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. Furthermore, Exos released by AIPC cells can be uptaken by ADPC cells, thus acclimating ADPC cells to progressing to more aggressive cell types in vitro and in vivo through exosomal transfer of miR‐222‐3p. Mechanistically, Exos‐miR‐222‐3p promoted ADPC cells transformed to AIPC‐like cells, at least in part, by activating mTOR signaling through targeting MIDN. Our results show that AIPC cells secrete Exos containing miRNA cargo. These cargos can be transferred to ADPC cells through paracrine mechanisms that have a strong impact on cellular functional remodeling. The current work underscores the great therapeutic potential of targeting Exo miRNAs, either as a single agent or combined with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors for CRPC treatment.

Findings on the usefulness of massage therapy (MT) in postoperative pain management are often inconsistent among studies. This study’s aim is to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to clarify the effects of massage therapy in the treatment of postoperative pain. Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for RCTs published from database inception through January 26, 2021. The primary outcome was pain relief. The quality of RCTs was appraised with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The random-effect model was used to calculate the effect sizes and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidential intervals (CIs) as a summary effect. The heterogeneity test was conducted through I2. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Possible publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of funnel plot asymmetry. The analysis included 33 RCTs and showed that MT is effective in reducing postoperative pain (SMD, −1.32; 95 % CI, −2.01 to −0.63; p = 0.0002; I2 = 98.67 %). A similar significant effect was found for both short (immediate assessment) and long terms (assessment performed 4–6 weeks after the MT). Remarkably, we found neither the duration per session nor the dose had an impact on the effect of MT and there seemed to be no difference in the effects of different MT types. In addition, MT seemed to be more effective for adults. Furthermore, MT had better analgesic effects on cesarean section and heart surgery than orthopedic surgery. Publication bias is possible due to the inclusion of studies in English only. Additionally, the included studies were extremely heterogeneous. Double-blind research on MT is difficult to implement, and none of the included studies is double-blind. There was some heterogeneity and publication bias in the included studies. In addition, there is no uniform evaluation standard for the operation level of massage practitioners, which may lead to research implementation bias. MT is effective in reducing postoperative pain in both short and long terms. •Massage therapy is effective in reducing postoperative pain, in both the short and long term.•In the inclusion criteria, there are no restrictions on the type of surgery and pain.•Subgroup analysis found that many factors such as massage therapy type did not affect the treatment effect.•For subtype analysis of surgery, massage therapy has different effects on postoperative pain after surgery.

Imbalances in NAD + homeostasis have been linked to aging and various diseases. Nicotine, a metabolite of the NAD + metabolic pathway, has been found to possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unknown. Here we find that, independent of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, low-dose nicotine can restore the age-related decline of NAMPT activity through SIRT1 binding and subsequent deacetylation of NAMPT, thus increasing NAD + synthesis. 18 F-FDG PET imaging revealed that nicotine is also capable of efficiently inhibiting glucose hypermetabolism in aging male mice. Additionally, nicotine ameliorated cellular energy metabolism disorders and deferred age-related deterioration and cognitive decline by stimulating neurogenesis, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and protecting organs from oxidative stress and telomere shortening. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for a mechanism by which low-dose nicotine can activate NAD + salvage pathways and improve age-related symptoms. Nicotine, a metabolite of the NAD+ metabolic pathway, has been found to possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unknown. Here, the authors show that low-dose nicotine promotes SIRT1 deacetylation of NAMPT and enhanced NAMPT activity which boosts NAD generation and improves age related symptoms.

Integrated Motor Drives (IMDs) have recently received extensive attention. In electric vehicles (EVs), electric propulsion aircraft, and ship propulsion systems, integrated motors have the great potential to replace traditional motors with the distinct merits of compact size, high power density, high efficiency, and high-cost effectiveness. This paper investigates and reviews integrated motor drives’ development and critical technologies. It not only reveals the research progress of the motor structure, converter, volume optimization, heat dissipation design, and weakening electromagnetic interference of integrated motor drives but also explores in detail the applications of wide-bandgap semiconductors and the integration of LCL filters. In addition, this paper also puts forward the concept of integrated motor drive integration level and establishes a corresponding quantitative method to evaluate IMDs integration level. In the future, integrated wireless motor drives will have a broad scope of research and application. IMDs systems will play an important role in applications requiring high power density, providing solutions to motor system size and heat dissipation problems. This overview will help clarify the opportunities, challenges, and future development of IMDs.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a frequently occurred complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide. Perillaldehyde is a natural terpenoid compound exerted beneficial effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is another important part of DM complication. However, the effect of perillaldehyde on DN has not been reported. In the present study, we demonstrated that perillaldehyde prevented ROS-driven oxidative stress, with decreased ROS and MDA levels and increased GSH level in high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells. Perillaldehyde also reversed HG-induced NLRP3-mediated inflammation and fibrosis in HK-2 cells, as evidenced by decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic factors. Furthermore, we observed that perillaldehyde directly targeted HMOX1 and regulated its expression in HK-2 cells. Knockdown of HMOX1 prevented the effects of perillaldehyde on HG-treated HK-2 cells, implying that perillaldehyde exerted its effects via regulating HMOX1. In a high fat diet (HFD)/streptozocin (STZ) mouse model, perillaldehyde also exerted renoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of perillaldehyde on DN both in vivo and in vitro, which indicated that perillaldehyde might serve as a potential application in treating or preventing DN.

Background Although recent research has demonstrated an association between serum zinc deficiency and susceptibility to various viral infections, the relationship between dietary zinc intake and herpes simplex virus (HSV) seropositivity remains unclear. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2016) provides data on HSV-1 and HSV-2 status and dietary zinc intake. The associations between dietary zinc and HSV-1 and HSV-2 were evaluated via various statistical methods, including multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis. Results In total, 6,483 individuals were enrolled, with 58.9% (3,817/6,483) testing positive for HSV-1 and 19.3% (1,253/6,483) testing positive for HSV-2. After adjusting for all covariates in the multivariate logistic regression, compared with the lowest zinc intake group (Q1: <7.51 mg/day), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the higher-zinc intake groups were as follows: for HSV-1, Q2 (7.51–10.87 mg/day) had an OR of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.98, p  = 0.027), and Q3 (10.87–15.63 mg/day) had an OR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.70–1.03, p  = 0.093), and Q4 (> 15.63 mg/day) had an OR of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67–1.04, p  = 0.114); for HSV-2, Q2 had an OR of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64–1.00, p  = 0.050), Q3 had an OR of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.64–1.02, p  = 0.069), and Q4 had an OR of 0.75 (95. Conclusion Dietary zinc intake exhibited a U-shaped association with HSV-1 and HSV-2 seropositivity, indicating that moderate zinc intake has a protective effect. Clinical trial Not applicable.