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"Liu, Dan"
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جهة العمل : رواية /
بدأ \"جهة العمل\" بتوزيع الكمثرى بمناسبة عيد العمال. وتنتهي أيضا بتوزيع الكمثرى، وأيضا بمناسبة عيد العمال. وما بين الكمثرى الأولى \"العطية\" والثانية \"السليمة\"، تدور أحداث الرواية. يرصد الكاتب ليو جين يون في عام واحد بالضبط، أحوال ستة من الموظفين يعملون معا في جهة عمل واحدة؛ شياو لين، لاو تشانغ، لاو سوين، لاو تشياو، وشياو بنغ، ولاو خير ، كل واحد فيهم عالم قائم بذاته، كل له تطلعاته الوظيفية التي يسعى إليها بكل ما أوتي من سبل باستثناء شياو بنغ التي لا تصارع على ترقية ولا تبالي بأحد. يرتفع الحظ بأحدهم فيترقى، ويخون الحظ آخر فيبقى حيث هو، وهو قاب قوسين أو أدنى من الترقية. صراعات أراها بعين القرن الواحد والعشرين ساذجة إلى حد كبير، فالصراعات في زماننا أشد ضراوة بكثير مما كانت عليه في ثمانينيات القرن الماضي. ولكن يبقى أن الرواية ترصد فترة لا نعرف نحن عنها الشيء الكثير. وترسم بعض ملامح الثقافة الصينية آنذاك. والأجمل من وجهة نظري الشخصية أنها تجعلني أتساءل : كيف نجحت الصين في أن تنتقل من الفقر والبؤس والجوع إلى الصين التي نعرفها اليوم بقوتها وثرائها وانفتاحها.
BOOK
Overexpression of the Melatonin Synthesis-Related Gene SlCOMT1 Improves the Resistance of Tomato to Salt Stress
Melatonin can increase plant resistance to stress, and exogenous melatonin has been reported to promote stress resistance in plants. In this study, a melatonin biosynthesis-related SlCOMT1 gene was cloned from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Ailsa Craig), which is highly expressed in fruits compared with other organs. The protein was found to locate in the cytoplasm. Melatonin content in SlCOMT1 overexpression transgenic tomato plants was significantly higher than that in wild-type plants. Under 800 mM NaCl stress, the transcript level of SlCOMT1 in tomato leaf was positively related to the melatonin contents. Furthermore, compared with that in wild-type plants, levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide were lower while the content of proline was higher in SlCOMT1 transgenic tomatoes. Therefore, SlCOMT1 was closely associated with melatonin biosynthesis confers the significant salt tolerance, providing a clue to cope with the growing global problem of salination in agricultural production.
Journal Article
Atomic cobalt as an efficient electrocatalyst in sulfur cathodes for superior room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries
The low-cost room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery system is arousing extensive interest owing to its promise for large-scale applications. Although significant efforts have been made, resolving low sulfur reaction activity and severe polysulfide dissolution remains challenging. Here, a sulfur host comprised of atomic cobalt-decorated hollow carbon nanospheres is synthesized to enhance sulfur reactivity and to electrocatalytically reduce polysulfide into the final product, sodium sulfide. The constructed sulfur cathode delivers an initial reversible capacity of 1081 mA h g
−1
with 64.7% sulfur utilization rate; significantly, the cell retained a high reversible capacity of 508 mA h g
−1
at 100 mA g
−1
after 600 cycles. An excellent rate capability is achieved with an average capacity of 220.3 mA h g
−1
at the high current density of 5 A g
−1
. Moreover, the electrocatalytic effects of atomic cobalt are clearly evidenced by operando Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory.
Room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries hold promise, but are hindered by low reversible capacity and fast capacity fade. Here the authors construct a multifunctional sulfur host comprised of cobalt-decorated carbon nanospheres that impart attractive performance as a cathode in a sodium sulfide battery.
Journal Article
Celastrol exerts a neuroprotective effect by directly binding to HMGB1 protein in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion
Background
Celastrol (cel) was one of the earliest isolated and identified chemical constituents of
Tripterygium wilfordii
Hook. f. Based on a cel probe (cel-p) that maintained the bioactivity of the parent compound, the targets of cel in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury were comprehensively analyzed by a quantitative chemical proteomics method.
Methods
We constructed an oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model in primary rat cortical neurons and a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in adult rats to detect the direct binding targets of cel in cerebral I/R. By combining various experimental methods, including tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, mass spectrometry, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we revealed the targets to which cel directly bound to exert neuroprotective effects.
Results
We found that cel inhibited the proinflammatory activity of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) by directly binding to it and then blocking the binding of HMGB1 to its inflammatory receptors in the microenvironment of ischemia and hypoxia. In addition, cel rescued neurons from OGD injury in vitro and decreased cerebral infarction in vivo by targeting HSP70 and NF-κB p65.
Conclusion
Cel exhibited neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by targeting HSP70 and NF-κB p65 and directly binding to HMGB1 in cerebral I/R injury.
Journal Article
Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against ischemic/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury through miR-144/Nrf2/ARE pathway
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a saponin extracted from
Panax ginseng
, has been well documented to be effective against ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) neuronal injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we investigated the roles of Nrf2 and miR-144 in the protective effects of Rg1 against I/R-induced neuronal injury. In OGD/R-treated PC12 cells, Rg1 (0.01–1 μmol/L) dose-dependently attenuated the cell injury accompanied by prolonging nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, enhancing the transcriptional activity of Nrf2, as well as promoting the expression of ARE-target genes. The activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by Rg1 was independent of disassociation with Keap1, but resulted from post-translational regulations. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished all the protective changes of Rg1 in OGD/R-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, Rg1 treatment significantly decreased the expression of miR-144, which downregulated Nrf2 production by targeting its 3’-untranlated region after OGD/R. Knockdown of Nrf2 had no effect on the expression of miR-144, suggesting that miR-144 was an upstream regulator of Nrf2. We revealed that there was a direct binding between Nrf2 and miR-144 in PC12 cells. Application of anti-miR-144 occluded the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by Rg1 in OGD/R-treated PC12 cells. In tMCAO rats, administration of Rg1 (20 mg/kg) significantly alleviated ischemic injury, and activated Nrf2/ARE pathway. The protective effects of Rg1 were abolished by injecting of AAV-HIF-miR-144-shRNA into the predicted ischemic penumbra. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Rg1 alleviates oxidative stress after I/R through inhibiting miR-144 activity and subsequently promoting the Nrf2/ARE pathway at the post-translational level.
Journal Article
Effects of procyanidin on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial ischemia reperfusion in rats
Background
This study is aimed at investigating the effects of procyanidin on cardiomyocyte apoptosis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.
Methods
Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control group (normal saline), ischemic group (normal saline), procyanidin low-dose group (procyanidin 50 mg/kg/day) and procyanidin high-dose group (procyanidin 100 mg/kg/day) by intragastric administration for 2 weeks. After last administration, myocardial I/R model was induced by ligating left anterior descending artery for 30 min followed by 120 min of perfusion. The activity of serum creatine kinase mb isoenzyme (CK-MB) was detected after experiment. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by ROS fluorescent probe dihydroethidium; the expressions of p53, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by western blotting; myocardial apoptosis was measured by the method of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling.
Results
Compared with control group, the contents of serum CK-MB, ROS, the expressions of p53, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Bax increased significantly in ischemic group, the Bcl-2 expression, Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis index increased (
p
< 0.05); compared with ischemic group, the content of CK-MB, ROS, the expressions of p53, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Bax decreased, the Bcl-2 expression, Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis index decreased in procyanidin group (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
Procyanidin can reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis after I/R. This beneficial effect is partially dependant on decreased ROS, p53, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Bax, as well as increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
Journal Article
Overexpression of MdZAT5, an C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Protein, Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation and Salt Stress Response in Apple Calli and Arabidopsis
Zinc finger proteins are widely involved and play an important role in plant growth and abiotic stress. In this research, MdZAT5, a gene encoding C2H2-type zinc finger protein, was cloned and investigated. The MdZAT5 was highly expressed in flower tissues by qRT-PCR analyses and GUS staining. Promoter analysis showed that MdZAT5 contained multiple response elements, and the expression levels of MdZAT5 were induced by various abiotic stress treatments. Overexpression of MdZAT5 in apple calli positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation by activating the expressions of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Overexpression of MdZAT5 in Arabidopsis also enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanin. In addition, MdZAT5 increased the sensitivity to salt stress in apple calli. Ectopic expression of MdZAT5 in Arabidopsis reduced the expression of salt-stress-related genes (AtNHX1 and AtABI1) and improved the sensitivity to salt stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that MdZAT5 plays a positive regulatory role in anthocyanin accumulation and negatively regulates salt resistance.
Journal Article
Modified citrus pectin inhibited bladder tumor growth through downregulation of galectin-3
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is a carbohydrate enriched complex, which has been implicated in cancer treatment and prevention. However, the effects of MCP on urinary bladder cancer (UBC) are unknown. In this study, MCP was first tested in T24 and J82 human UBC cells and showed the inhibition of cell viability by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The MCP-treated UBC cells exhibited G2/M phase arrest with the decrease of Cyclin B1 and phosphorylated Cdc2. Caspase-3 was also activated, leading to the cleavage of Caspase-3 and PARP. We further explored the possible molecular mechanisms upon MCP treatment in UBC cells. Reduction of galectin-3 was observed and followed with the inactivation of Akt signaling pathway. Of note, galectin-3 knockdown by RNA interference recapitulated the MCP-mediated anti-proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, oral administration of MCP to the T24 xenograft-bearing nude mice inhibited the tumor growth significantly (P < 0.05). Quantification analysis of immunohistochemistry staining for Ki67 and cleaved Caspase-3 confirmed the decrease of proliferation index (P < 0.05) and the increase of apoptosis index (P < 0.01) in 700 mg/kg MCP-fed UBC xenografts. Using the information from TCGA database, we revealed that the overexpression of galectin-3 was associated with high tumor grade with lymph node metastasis, poor overall survival in UBC patients. Considering the remarkable inhibitory effects of MCP on UBC cell proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo mainly through galectin-3, which is upregulated in UBCs, MCP may become an attractive agent, as a natural dietary fiber, for prevention and therapy of UBCs.
Journal Article
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Induction Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Adding three cycles of induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin to concurrent chemoradiotherapy improved 3-year recurrence-free survival (85.3%, vs. 76.5% with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone) and overall survival (94.6% vs. 90.3%). Patients receiving induction chemotherapy were more likely to have grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression, nausea, and vomiting.
Journal Article
Would quantum coherence be increased by curvature effect in de Sitter space?
A
bstract
We study the quantum coherence in de Sitter space for the bipartite system of Alice and Bob who initially share an entangled state between the two modes of a free massive scalar field. It is shown that the space-curvature effect can produce both local coherence and correlated coherence, leading to the increase of the total coherence of the bipartite system. These results are sharp different from the Unruh effect or Hawking effect, which, in the single mode approximation, cannot produce local coherence and at the same time destroy correlated coherence, leading to the decrease of the total coherence of the bipartite systems. Interestingly, we find that quantum coherence has the opposite behavior compared with the quantum correlation in de Sitter space. We also find that quantum coherence is most severely affected by the curvature effect of de Sitter space for the cases of conformal invariance and masslessness. Our result reveals the difference between the curvature effect in the de Sitter space and the Unruh effect in Rindler spacetime or the Hawking effect in black hole spacetime on quantum coherence.
Journal Article