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The regulation of heterogeneous material properties to enhance the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade emerging organic pollutants remains a challenge. To solve this problem, we synthesize S−scheme heterojunction PBA/MoS 2 @chitosan hydrogel to achieve photoexcitation synergistic PMS activation. The constructed heterojunction photoexcited carriers undergo redox conversion with PMS through S−scheme transfer pathway driven by the directional interface electric field. Multiple synergistic pathways greatly enhance the reactive oxygen species generation, leading to a significant increase in doxycycline degradation rate. Meanwhile, the 3D polymer chain spatial structure of chitosan hydrogel is conducive to rapid PMS capture and electron transport in advanced oxidation process, reducing the use of transition metal activator and limiting the leaching of metal ions. There is reason to believe that the synergistic activation of PMS by S−scheme heterojunction regulated by photoexcitation will provide a new perspective for future material design and research on enhancing heterologous catalysis oxidation process. The regulation of heterogeneous material properties to enhance the peroxymonosulfate activation remains a challenge. Here, authors synthesize S−scheme heterojunction PBA/MoS2@chitosan hydrogel to achieve photoexcitation synergistic peroxymonosulfate activation driven by interface electric field.

The article presents an overlapping covert communication scheme based on the dynamic adjustment of the spread spectrum factor within a predefined range under a chaotic multi-tone framework, aiming to mitigate partialband interference. In this approach, legitimate communication signals are exploited as masking signals, whereas covert signals are modeled as parasitic components. Covert transmission is theoretically achieved by establishing a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) wall for non-cooperative receivers, where the robustness of this SNR wall is essential for ensuring communication reliability. Furthermore, the study addresses the challenge of distinguishing between host and parasitic signals in the presence of partial-band interference through frequency-band partitioning. To overcome this difficulty, the relationship between the power ratio of masking to covert signals and the probability of detection error for eavesdroppers is investigated. Based on this analysis and prior research, a communication scheme is proposed to enhance overall system performance. Theoretical evaluations are conducted to assess its resistance to partial-band interference and communication reliability. Experimental results further validate system performance by examining the bit-error rate (BER) under varying levels of masking-signal strength and by comparing the reliability and security of the proposed scheme with those of chaotic spread-spectrum modulation schemes employing BPSK signals under equivalent average spread-spectrum gain.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding arteriovenous fistula (AVF) care in uremic patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD).DesignA web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among uremic patients receiving HD at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between April 2023 and June 2023.SettingThe study took place at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.ParticipantsA total of 522 valid questionnaires were collected from patients undergoing HD, representing 85.57% of the 610 patients eligible for the study.InterventionsPathway analysis was used to assess the interplay among KAP scores related to AVF care in the participants.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe study evaluated KAP scores (ranging 0–20, 8–40 and 6–30, respectively) to gauge patients’ KAP regarding AVF care.ResultsThe findings indicated that patients exhibited adequate knowledge, positive attitudes and proactive practices towards AVF care. Patients’ knowledge directly influenced their attitudes and practices, with attitudes also positively impacting practices. Additionally, knowledge indirectly affected practices through attitudes.ConclusionsUremic patients undergoing HD demonstrated satisfactory understanding, favourable attitudes and proactive behaviours concerning AVF care. The pathway analysis provided insights into the relationships between KAP, illustrating the direct and indirect effects of these factors on each other in the context of AVF care among patients.

Objectives In IgG4-related disease, the relationship between pathological findings and relapse has not been well established. This study aimed to identify the clinical and pathological predictors of disease relapse in IgG4-RD. Methods Patients with newly diagnosed IgG4-RD ( n = 71) were enrolled between January 2011 and April 2020; all cases were pathologically confirmed. The clinical and pathological features were recorded in a database at baseline and each follow-up visit. Patients were followed up at least once a month via outpatient clinic examinations and telephone calls. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis were used to identify the predictors of disease relapse and to assess their predictive value. Results Over a median follow-up of 26 (range, 6–123) months, 3/71 (4.2%) patients died. Of the remaining 68 patients, 47 (69.1%) patients had achieved clinical remission and 21 (30.9%) had suffered relapse at the last follow-up. The independent predictors of relapse were IgG4 ≥ 6.5 g/L ( HR = 2.84, 95% CI : 1.11–7.23), IgG ≥ 20.8 g/L ( HR = 4.11, 95% CI : 1.53–11.06), IgG4-RD responder index (RI) ≥ 9 ( HR = 3.82, 95% CI : 1.28–11.37), and severe IgG4 + plasma cell infiltration ( HR = 6.32, 95% CI : 1.79–22.41). A prognostic score developed using three of the identified predictors (IgG ≥ 20.8 g/L, IgG4-RD RI ≥ 9, and severe IgG4 + plasma cell infiltration) showed good value for predicting impending relapse ( AUC , 0.806). Conclusions In patients with IgG4-RD, IgG4 ≥ 6.5 g/L, IgG ≥ 20.8 g/L, IgG4-RD responder index (RI) ≥ 9, and severe IgG4 + plasma cell infiltration are predictors of relapse.

Sclerotia are dense, hard tissue structures formed by asexual reproduction of fungal hyphae in adverse environmental conditions. Macrofungal sclerotia are used in medicinal materials, healthcare foods, and nutritional supplements because of their nutritional value and biologically active ingredients, which are attracting increasing attention. Over the past few decades, the influence of abiotic factors such as nutrition (e.g., carbon and nitrogen sources) and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pH), and of the local biotic community (e.g., concomitants) on the formation of macrofungal sclerotia has been studied. The molecular mechanisms controlling macrofungal sclerotia formation, including oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), signal transduction (Ca2+ channels and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways), and gene expression regulation (differential expression of important enzyme or structural protein genes), have also been revealed. At the end of this review, future research prospects in the field of biogenesis of macrofungal sclerotia are discussed.Key points• We describe factors that influence biogenesis of macrofungal sclerotia.• We explain molecular mechanisms of sclerotial biogenesis.• We discuss future directions of study of macrofungal sclerotia biogenesis.

Ground localization systems based on cellular signals are vulnerable to the hazards of signal power attenuation and multipath propagation in urban environments. Non-coherent accumulation is an effective solution to this problem, but its application to cellular localization systems has not been properly discussed. In this paper, we propose two cellular time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation methods based on non-coherent accumulation: the “TOA estimation algorithm based on non-coherent accumulation of the channel impulse response” (nch-CIR) in the time domain and the “Super Resolution TOA Estimation Algorithm based on non-coherent accumulation of the covariance matrix” (nch-SRA) in the frequency domain. Among these two methods, the nch-CIR algorithm has a lower computational cost and better anti-noise performance, and the nch-SRA algorithm has better performance in terms of multipath delay estimation. Through theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, we also discuss the influence of mobility on these two methods. In addition, experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method using real collected cellular signals. The results show that both nch-CIR and nch-SRA can achieve a better performance compared with the conventional methods.

Background Virtual reality training can save resources and improve training efficiency. The cooperation of trauma team can shorten the treatment time and improve the treatment efficiency. Methods This study employed a quasi-experimental design to evaluate standardized trauma team performance scores among emergency nurses following VR training. Participants included 68 emergency department nurses from a tertiary Grade A hospital in Wuhan, China, who were divided into 17 groups (4 members per group) through convenience sampling. All teams underwent training using a virtual reality training system developed by the research team. Paired-sample t-tests were conducted to compare differences in standardized trauma team performance scores across all 17 groups between pre-intervention (March-May 2023) and post-intervention (September-November 2023) periods. Subsequently, qualitative research was implemented using semi-structured interviews to capture participants’ experiential feedback regarding the VR training system. Results Compared to traditional training, the use of the VR training system resulted in significantly enhanced teamwork performance among emergency nurses during simulated trauma first aid scenarios. Interview results indicated that the system’s novel format deepened professional understanding, conserved resources, increased practice opportunities, and enhanced the efficiency of trauma first aid nursing training. Moreover, it facilitated multi-role experiences, facilitating teamwork exercises. Conclusion The Virtual Reality training system for trauma first aid nursing teamwork enhances emergency nurses’ comprehensive trauma care capabilities, improves trauma training effectiveness, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Pan‐genomics is one of the most powerful means to study genomic variation and obtain a sketch of genes within a defined clade of species. Though there are a lot of computational tools to achieve this, an integrated framework to evaluate their performance and offer the best choice to users has never been achieved. To ease the process of large‐scale prokaryotic genome analysis, we introduce Integrated Prokaryotes Genome and pan‐genome Analysis (IPGA), a one‐stop web service to analyze, compare, and visualize pan‐genome as well as individual genomes, that rids users of installing any specific tools. IPGA features a scoring system that helps users to evaluate the reliability of pan‐genome profiles generated by different packages. Thus, IPGA can help users ascertain the profiling method that is most suitable for their data set for the following analysis. In addition, IPGA integrates several downstream comparative analysis and genome analysis modules to make users achieve diverse targets. Integrated Prokaryotes Genome and pan‐genome Analysis (IPGA) serves as a free and easy‐to‐use web‐based system that could provide up‐to‐date pan‐genome analysis service for non‐bioinformaticians. IPGA offers users the most reliable pan‐genome profile which enables users to perform additional comparative genomic analysis. IPGA provides a series of downstream analysis modules such as phylogenetic inference, synteny inference, and target genome annotation. Highlights IPGA serves as a free and easy‐to‐use web‐based system that could provide up‐to‐date pan‐genome analysis service for non‐bioinformaticians. IPGA offers users the most reliable pan‐genome profile which enables users to perform additional comparative genomic analysis. IPGA provides a series of downstream analysis modules such as phylogenetic inference, synteny inference, and target genome annotation.

Background Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in pregnant people and have been associated with significant complications and morbidities for both pregnant people and their offspring. Despite this, the management of sleep issues during pregnancy remains suboptimal. There is an urgent need to explore novel treatment approaches that are safe, feasible, and widely implementable in daily routines. Given the demonstrated positive effects of physical activity (PA) on sleep in non-pregnant populations, PA interventions are a promising option. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between PA interventions and sleep disorders in pregnant people. Methods A systematic search of seven databases was conducted for English and Chinese articles published from inception to January 2024 using MeSH headings and keywords for ‘sleep disorder’, ‘pregnancy’, ‘physical activity’, and ‘randomized controlled trial’. Two independent researchers selected studies assessing the effects of PA interventions on sleep disorders in pregnant people compared with a control condition. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias V1.0 tool. A random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis, with results reported as standardised mean difference ( SMD ) and 95% confidence interval ( CI ). Results Eighteen studies involving 1,541 pregnant people were included, with 14 studies included in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that PA interventions were associated with a reduction in sleep disorders compared with the control condition ( SMD  = − 1.48, 95% CI  = − 2.06 to − 0.90, P  < 0.00001; night sleep MD  = 0.52, 95% CI  = 0.42 to 0.62, P  < 0.00001; proportion of night sleep time MD  = 5.65, 95% CI  = 4.78 to 6.52, P  < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses indicated that intervention characteristics (e.g., less than 8 weeks and more than 60 min at a session, individual or group settings, location, and activity type such as water-based exercise, progressive muscle relaxation, and aerobics) and participant characteristics (with or without complications) influenced the overall treatment effect. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that PA interventions positively impact sleep disorders in pregnant people, with effects influenced by participant type, duration, delivery method, and activity form. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals and hold significant implications for developing comprehensive, evidence-based guidance.

Purpose To examine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and mental well-being in Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic. Method This study was conducted in a tertiary hospital using a cross-sectional design. A total of 2,811 nurses were enlisted at Shengjing Hospital in China during the period from March to April, 2022. Information was gathered through a questionnaire that individuals completed themselves. The mental health of the participants was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results The prevalence of nurses experiencing depression and anxiety was 7.8% (219) and 6.7% (189), respectively. Regarding depression after adjustment, the odds ratios (ORs) for each quartile, compared to the lowest quartile, were as follows: 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53, 1.56), 2.28 (95% CI: 0.98, 3.77), and 2.32 (95% CI: 1.41, 3.83). The p-value for trend was found to be 0.001. The odds ratios (ORs) for anxiety after adjustment were 2.39 (0.83, 4.36), 4.46 (0.51, 7.93), and 2.81 (1.56, 5.08) when comparing the highest quartiles to the lowest quartile. The p -value for trend was 0.009. Conclusion This study found a positive association between BMI and poor mental health among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in those who were overweight or obesity. The findings could assist in developing interventions and help policy-makers establish appropriate strategies to support the mental health of frontline nurses, especially those who are overweight or obesity.