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We predict a novel family of off-center localized nonlinear modes in a rotating optical system. The whispering-gallery-like solitons bifurcate out from the symmetric fundamental solitons through a symmetry breaking. They can appear as localized spots, nearly flat-top beams and crescent-like patterns extending over the entire range of polar angles. At critical rotation frequency, asymmetric solitons transform into vortex solitons, whose topological charge gradually increases with the growth of the propagation constant. Asymmetric solitons rotate around the origin persistently during propagation and preserve their shape over arbitrary distance in almost the whole existence domain. Thus, we put forward the first example of stable asymmetric intermediate states in optical systems that bridge the symmetric fundamental solitons and the symmetric vortex solitons with different topological charges, through the variance of the propagation constant and rotation frequency.

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) is used to produce a variety of self-trapped necklace solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger/Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We elaborate the analysis for the existence and evolution of necklace patterns with integer, half-integer, and fractional reduced orbital angular momenta by means of PINN. The patterns exhibit phenomena similar to rotation of rigid bodies and centrifugal force. Even though the necklaces slowly expand (or shrink), they preserve their structure in the course of the quasi-stable propagation over several diffraction lengths, which is completely different from the ordinary fast diffraction-dominated dynamics. By comparing different ingredients, including the training time, loss value and \\(\\mathbb{L}_{2}\\) error, PINN accurately predicts specific nonlinear dynamical properties of the evolving necklace patterns. Furthermore, we perform the data-driven discovery of parameters for both clean and perturbed training data, adding \\(1\\%\\) random noise in the latter case. The results reveal that PINN not only effectively emulates the solution of partial differential equations, but also offers applications for predicting the nonlinear dynamics of physically relevant types of patterns.

Quantum droplets (QDs) are self-trapped modes stabilized by the Lee-Huang-Yang correction to the mean-field Hamiltonian of binary atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. The existence and stability of quiescent and rotating dipole-shaped and vortex QDs with vorticity \\(S=1\\) (DQDs and VQDs, respectively) are numerically studied in the framework of the accordingly modified two-component system. The rotating DQDs trapped in an annular potential are built of two crescent-like components, stretching along the azimuthal direction with the increase of the rotation frequency. Rotating quadrupole QDs (QQDs) bifurcate from the VQDs with \\(S=2\\). Above a certain rotation frequency, they transform back into VQDs with a flat-top shape. Rotating DQDs and QQDs are stable in a broad interval of values of the chemical potential. The results provide the first example of stable modes which are intermediate states between the rotating DQDs and QQDs on the one hand, and VQDs on the other.

In response to the issues of low land utilization efficiency and poor nighttime thermal performance in old single-slope solar greenhouses (SSG) commonly found in northern China, this study proposes renovation measures that expand the cultivation area and interior space by adding a shaded room and lowering its ground level. These modifications transform the original SSG into a double-slope solar greenhouse (DSG) and a sunken double-slope solar greenhouse (SDSG). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to simulate and analyze the thermal environments of the three greenhouse types. The results indicate that, in winter, the peak temperature of the sunlit side in the SDSG is 1.9°C higher than that in the SSG; the temperature of the shaded side in the SDSG is 0.88–1.81°C higher than that in the DSG; compared with the rear wall of the SSG, the heat flux density of the middle wall in the SDSG is 10.19 W/m² lower, and is similar to that of the DSG middle wall, but the duration of heat release is longer in the SDSG; in comparison to the SSG and DSG, the annual thermal stability index of the SDSG is improved by 70% and 8.5%, respectively.

Currently, the obstacle avoidance control of patrol robots based on intelligent vision lacks professional controller module assistance. Therefore, this paper proposes a design method of intelligent controller for obstacle avoidance and navigation of electrical inspection mobile robot based on PLC control. The controller designs a laser range finder to determine the required position of electrical patrol inspection. Use PLC as the core controller, and combine sensors, actuators, communication module and PLC selection module in the process of hardware design to achieve autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance functions of the robot. Then design the software including the PLC compiler system and the virtual machine module. Based on the above steps, design the control module of obstacle avoidance navigation, which realizes the key link of robot autonomous navigation. The test results show that the controller can successfully avoid obstacles, improve the efficiency and quality of inspection, and achieve accurate and fast obstacle avoidance navigation for the electrical inspection mobile robot.

Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are signatures in radio signals from thunderstorms observed by ground-based receivers. NBEs may occur at the onset of lightning, but the discharge process is not well understood. Here, we present spectral measurements by the Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station that are associated with nine negative and three positive NBEs observed by a ground‐based array of receivers. We found that both polarities NBEs are associated with emissions at 337 nm with weak or no detectable emissions at 777.4 nm, suggesting that NBEs are associated with streamer breakdown. The rise times of the emissions for negative NBEs are about 10 μs, consistent with source locations at cloud tops where photons undergo little scattering by cloud particles, and for positive NBEs are ~1 ms, consistent with locations deeper in the clouds. For negative NBEs, the emission strength is almost linearly correlated with the peak current of the associated NBEs. Our findings suggest that ground-based observations of radio signals provide a new means to measure the occurrences and strength of cloud-top discharges near the tropopause. Strong thunderstorms can reach the lower stratosphere and produce cloud-top blue emissions, affecting the exchange of greenhouse gases between the troposphere and stratosphere. Here, the authors reveal the direct link of blue emissions with the radio signals of one sort of intra-cloud discharges called NBEs.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a prevalent complication among cirrhosis patients, whose high mortality is linked to cirrhosis combined with ACLF. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of systematic reviews. This study aimed to illustrate whether cirrhosis is a prognostic factor for ACLF. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies that explored the connection between cirrhosis and ACLF prognosis from database inception to January 10, 2025. Pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized for data analyses. Publication bias was estimated using Egger's tests. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD42025639557). This meta-analysis included 17 articles and 8,488 patients of ACLF under different diagnostic criteria. The analyses indicated that cirrhosis did not correlate with 28-day mortality of ACLF patients (RR = 1.08, 95% CI [0.84-1.39], = 0.550, = 88.8%) but independently predicted 90-day mortality (RR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.10-1.61], = 0.004, = 92.6%). Subgroup analyses of cirrhosis discovered no significant difference in 28-day and 90-day mortality between non-cirrhosis patients and those with compensated cirrhosis ( > 0.05). The 90-day mortality in decompensated cirrhosis patients was markedly higher than that in non-cirrhosis individuals (RR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.14-1.56], < 0.001, =64.2%). Compensated cirrhosis did not correlate with the 28-day mortality of ACLF patients, while it was an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality.

Blue corona discharges are often generated in thunderclouds penetrating into the stratosphere and are the optical manifestation of narrow bipolar events (NBEs) observed in radio signals. While their production appears to depend on convection, the cause and nature of such discharges are not well known. Here we show the observations by a lightning detection array of unusual amounts of 982 NBEs during a tropical storm on the coastline of China. NBEs of negative polarity are predominantly observed at the cloud top reaching the stratosphere, and positive NBEs are primarily at lower altitudes. We find that the dominant polarity changes with the typical time of development of thunderstorm cells, suggesting that the polarity depends on the phase of the storm cells. Furthermore, we find that the lightning jump of negative NBEs is associated with above-anvil cirrus plumes of ice crystals and water vapor in the lower stratosphere. We propose that variations in updrafts induce changes in the altitude and charge concentrations of the cloud layers, which lead to the polarity transition. Our results have implications for studies of the chemical perturbations of greenhouse gas concentrations by corona discharges at the tropopause. NBEs are intracloud lightning discharges with both positive and negative polarities. Here, the authors show that the dominant polarity of NBEs in the overshooting cloud depends on the phase of the storm cells.

Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a novel compound that is formed from the esterification of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) and eugenol. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AEE on blood stasis in rats and to characterize the underlying mechanisms using a plasma metabolomic study. The results indicate that AEE and ASA could modulate whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), blood coagulation parameters, platelet count, platelet aggregation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (CR) and the levels of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α). The metabolic profiles of the plasma samples from all groups were clearly separated in the score plots. Nineteen potential metabolites were selected and identified, and disordered levels of these metabolites could be regulated by AEE and ASA. Pathway analysis showed that the mechanism of action of AEE on blood stasis might be principally related to the metabolism of amino acid, fatty acid, energy and glycerophospholipid. The above results indicate that AEE protected the rats against blood stasis, and that this effect might have been caused by the anticoagulation activity of AEE and its abilities to maintain a balance between TXA2 and PGI2, reduce blood viscosity, inhibit platelet aggregation and normalize the plasma metabolic profile.