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Purpose To develop and internally validate a PSMA PET/CT–centric deep-learning framework based on using a foundational model for noninvasive preoperative risk stratification of prostate cancer at the ISUP Grade Group (GG) 1–2 vs. 3–5 boundary, without using biopsy-derived inputs at inference. Methods In this single-center retrospective cohort, 494 men underwent [ 18 F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT within one month before radical prostatectomy. Intraprostatic ROIs were manually delineated. We developed a dual-path hybrid model that fuses global semantic features from a frozen BiomedCLIP foundation model with task-specific 3D PET/CT features, and used the fused representation for GG 1–2 vs. 3–5 stratification. Five-fold, patient-level cross-validation was used; prostatectomy pathology served as the reference standard. Benchmarks included conventional radiomics and deep-learning baselines (BiomedCLIP-only, ResNet-only, MedSAM, XSurv). The primary metric was AUC; precision, recall, F1, PRC-AUC, and decision-curve analysis (DCA) assessed complementary performance and clinical utility. Results The proposed model achieved AUC 0.800 with precision 0.854, recall 0.888, and F1 0.870, outperforming baselines (BiomedCLIP 0.764; MedSAM 0.759; XSurv 0.756; ResNet 0.745; radiomics/random forest 0.676). Mean PRC-AUC was 0.928 ± 0.020 (across folds), and DCA showed higher net benefit across wide thresholds. SUVmax alone was modest (AUC 0.699 for ≥GG3; 0.625 for ≥GG4). Conclusion The framework demonstrated noninvasive discrimination of GG 1–2 vs. 3–5 in a single-center cohort, suggesting a candidate decision-support role for biopsy-sparing pathways; its generalizability and deployability require multicenter external validation and end-to-end automation.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using a radiomics model to predict extraprostatic extension (EPE) in prostate cancer from PSMA PET/CT, and to directly compare its performance with the Mehralivand Grading System, an MRI-based method for EPE assessment. Methods A total of 206 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were included in this study. Radiomics features were extracted from PSMA PET/CT images to construct predictive models using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest algorithms. In addition, among the 63 patients who underwent both PSMA PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), the performance of the radiomics model was compared with that of the Mehralivand Grading System. Key performance metrics, including the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), were reported. Results Among the 63 patients who underwent both PSMA PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), the radiomics model achieved an AUC of 76.8% (95% CI: 64.4–86.5%), sensitivity of 72.0%, specificity of 81.5%, PPV of 72.0%, and NPV of 81.6%. In comparison, the Mehralivand Grading System yielded AUCs of 66.8%, 63.5%, and 60.2% from three independent readers. DeLong’s test showed that the radiomics model significantly outperformed all three readers in terms of AUC ( p  = 0.013, 0.003, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The radiomics model derived from PSMA PET/CT can better capture features associated with EPE and shows promise for aiding preoperative assessment in prostate cancer. However, further validation in larger, independent cohorts is necessary to confirm its stability and clinical utility.

Purpose Recent development in positron emission tomography (PET) dramatically increased the effective sensitivity by increasing the geometric coverage leading to total-body PET imaging. This encouraging breakthrough brings the hope of ultra-low dose PET imaging equivalent to transatlantic flight with the assistance of deep learning (DL)-based methods. However, conventional DL approaches face limitations in addressing the heterogeneous domain of PET imaging. This study aims to develop a wavelet-based DL method capable of restoring high-quality imaging from ultra-low-dose PET scans. Materials and methods In contrast to conventional DL techniques that denoise images in the spatial domain, we introduce WaveNet, a novel approach that inputs wavelet-decomposed frequency components of PET imaging to perform denoising in the frequency domain. A dataset comprising total-body 18 F -FDG PET images of 1447, acquired using total-body PET scanners including Biograph Vision Quadra (Siemens Healthineers) and uEXPLORER (United Imaging) in Bern and Shanghai, was utilized for developing and testing the proposed method. The quality of enhanced images was assessed using a customized scoring system, which incorporated weighted global physical metrics and local indices. Results Our proposed WaveNet consistently outperforms the baseline UNet model across all levels of dose reduction factors (DRF), with greater improvements observed as image quality decreases. Statistical analysis ( p  < 0.05) and visual inspection validated the superiority of WaveNet. Moreover, WaveNet demonstrated superior generalizability when applied to two cross-scanner datasets ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion WaveNet developed with total-body PET scanners may offer a computational-friendly and robust approach to recover image quality from ultra-low-dose PET imaging. Its adoption may enhance the reliability and clinical acceptance of DL-based dose reduction techniques.

Tumor antigens (TAs)-induced humoral immune responses or TAs-specific antibodies have great application prospects for tumor therapy. However, more than half of TAs are intracellular antigens (intra-Ags) that are hardly recognized by antibodies. It is worthy to develop immunotherapeutic strategies for targeting intra-Ags. We used the far-red fluorescent protein tfRFP as an intracellular antigen to immunize mice and generated a liver metastasis model by injecting tfRFP-expressing B16 melanoma cells (tfRFP-B16) the spleen. Intravital molecular imaging and atomic force microscopy were performed to visualize the formation of tfRFP antigen-antibody complexes (also known as immune complexes) and punched holes in cell membranes. The results showed that the tfRFP-elicited immune responses inhibited the metastasis of tfRFP-expressing melanoma cells in the liver. In the circulating tfRFP-B16 tumor cells, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced slight caspase-3 activation, a probable key factor in the cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME) proteins and punching of holes in the tumor cell membrane. Increased tumor cell membrane permeability led to the release of intra-Ag tfRFP and binding with anti-tfRFP antibodies. The formation of tfRFP antigen-antibody complexes on the membranes of tfRFP-B16 cells activated complement components to form membrane attack complexes to further destroy the cell membrane. Neutrophils were rapidly recruited, and F4/80 macrophages phagocytized the dying tumor cells. The process of circulating tumor cell elimination in the tfRFP-immunized mice was triggered through the ROS-caspase-3-GSDME pathway to form intra-Ag-antibody immune complexes, which were involved in the activation of the complement system, as well as the recruitment of neutrophils and F4/80 macrophages. An intra-Ag-elicited humoral immune response is a potent strategy for eliminating liver metastasis, which is unaffected by the liver immune tolerogenic status.

The bidirectional exchange between rivers and floodplain lakes is critical for regional hydrology, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem management. However, observing the two‐dimensional water surface elevation (WSE) fields that govern these interactions remains a long‐standing challenge, limiting understanding of hydraulic regime shifts. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides unprecedented capability to resolve these dynamics with high‐resolution, spatially continuous WSE data. Taking the Poyang Lake‐Yangtze River system as a case study, we reveal a divergent seasonal response in water surface slope. The river mainstream slope steepens during the dry season (2.61 cm/km), while the river‐lake confluence paradoxically exhibits steeper or reversed slopes during wet season. This mechanism leads to a seasonal backwater effect, more extensive in the dry season (17.2 km) than wet season (14.8 km). Our findings offer a globally applicable framework for understanding river‐lake hydrodynamics, showcasing SWOT's potential for advancing hydrodynamic modeling and water management.

Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs), as a class of compounds widely found in plants, are particularly abundant in grapes and blueberries. It is a polymer comprising many different monomers, such as catechins and epicatechins. The monomers are usually linked to each other by two types of links, A-linkages (C-O-C) and B-linkages (C-C), to form the polymers. Numerous studies have shown that compared to high polymeric procyanidins, OPCs exhibit antioxidant properties due to the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups. This review describes the molecular structure and natural source of OPCs, their general synthesis pathway in plants, their antioxidant capacity, and potential applications, especially the anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, cardiovascular disease prevention, and antineoplastic functions. Currently, OPCs have attracted much attention, being non-toxic and natural antioxidants of plant origin that scavenge free radicals from the human body. This review would provide some references for further research on the biological functions of OPCs and their application in various fields.

Sediment and nutrients flow into estuary with runoff, and then influence the estuary ecosystem. Much work has been done for investigating the response of water quality and species group (eg. phytoplankton or zooplankton) to the runoff from upstream, while few research has been taken to evaluate the response of the whole ecosystem. This work selects the typical weak tide estuary, Yellow River Estuary (YRE), to evaluate the influence of runoff on food web in estuary. Food webs of different seasons and regions were established based on stable isotope analysis and Bayesian mixing model. The influences of upstream runoff and sediment transport on the estuarine food webs were analyzed. The results show that food web in estuary has highly spatial-temporal variability. The area with high-turbidity freshwater inflow nurtured more terrestrial- organic- matter (TOM) relying species. The contribution of TOM to food web was higher in flood season than that in non-flood season. That would be because that the input and diffusion of sediment and nutrients carried by runoff led to the changes in the dietary structure of estuarine organisms and the decrease in trophic levels of major predators. At the same time, flow pulse with high sediment can also aggravate the spatial differences of the structure of food webs. The southern shore with higher sediment concentration provided a harsher environment to organisms, leading to low nutrient diversity and hence a less complex food web. However, the increased input of TOM enhanced the links density and connectance of food web, making it a more robust system. These results have guiding significance for research on energy flow mechanisms in estuarine ecosystems affected by both terrestrial runoff and ocean tides, as well as artificial upstream hydrological regulation.

With the rapid development of high-end manufacturing industries such as aerospace and national defense, the demand for metal additive manufactured parts with complex internal cavities has been steadily increasing. However, the finishing of complex internal surfaces, especially for irregularly shaped parts, remains a significant challenge due to their intricate geometries. Through a comparative analysis of common finishing methods, the distinctive characteristics and applicability of magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) are highlighted. To meet the finishing needs of complex metal additive manufactured parts, this paper reviews the current research on magnetic abrasive finishing devices, processing mechanisms, the development of magnetic abrasives, and the MAF processes for intricate internal cavities. Future development trends in MAF for complex internal cavities in additive manufactured parts are also explored; these are (1) investigating multi-technology composite magnetic abrasive finishing equipment designed for complex internal surfaces; (2) studying the dynamic behavior of multiple magnetic abrasive particles in complex cavities and their material removal mechanisms; (3) developing high-performance magnetic abrasives suitable for demanding conditions; and (4) exploring the MAF process for intricate internal surfaces.

[...]the global work index, global constructive work, global wasted work, global work efficiency, and global longitudinal strain were calculated and compared among groups. INTRODUCTION Essential hypertension (EHP) is a continuous increase in systemic arterial pressure after excluding a precise cause of blood pressure increase such as renal vascular disease, Cushing disease, or other secondary hypertension.1 EHP is one of the main risk factors leading to pathological changes in the function and structure of the heart and blood vessels.2 By 2025, the number of adults with hypertension in the world is expected to reach 1.56 billion.3-4 According to the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study, the age-standardized prevalence rate was higher among women and increased with age. Ischemic heart disease (54.5%) was the most fatal complication, followed by hemorrhagic stroke (58.3%), and ischemic stroke (50.0%).5 In China, the prevalence of hypertension in adults is more than one quarter, and the prevalence of overall control in patients with hypertension is only 9.7%, making hypertension a major health problem.6 Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is caused by long-term hypertension and is characterized by myocardial structural remodeling, including left ventricular hypertrophy and diffuse myocardial fibrosis.7 The hypertrophic or fibrotic myocardium may be unable to maintain normal cardiac output, eventually leading to increased left ventricular filling pressure and diastolic heart failure, and some patients develop systolic dysfunction under the condition of chronic volume and pressure overload.8 The presence of HHD increases the risk of stroke and coronary artery disease, thereby increasing mortality.9 Messerli and colleagues proposed four stages in the development of HHD grade I: hypertension without left ventricular hypertrophy; grade II: asymptomatic hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy; grade III: symptomatic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; and grade IV: symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.10 The development of left ventricular hypertrophy is a strong risk indicator of morbidity and mortality in patients with primary hypertension.11 Clinical studies have confirmed that antihypertensive treatment can reduce left ventricular hypertrophy and improve diastolic dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes12; therefore, identifying the myocardial work (MW) performance of HHD early using imaging technology is important. [...]at present, there is little literature on LVPSL use in different types of hypertensions either locally or internationally, and the evaluation of left ventricular myocardial function in patients with early hypertension is rarely reported. [...]the main purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and value of LVPSL technology as a non-invasive method of evaluating early left ventricular myocardial dysfunction in EHP patients.

Background Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications of radiation therapy (RT) for thoracic tumors, and new interventions are needed for its prevention and treatment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from stem cells have attracted much attention due to their ability to repair injury. However, the role of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC)-derived sEVs in protecting cardiac organoids from radiation-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods A radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury model was established by using X-ray radiation, and the optimal radiation dose of 20 Gy was determined by live/dead staining. After radiation, the cardiac organoids were treated with sEVs derived from UCMSCs, and energy metabolism, calcium transient changes and the ultrastructure of the organoids were assessed through Seahorse analysis, optical mapping and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the changes in mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify the RNA-seq results. Results After X-ray radiation, the mortality of cardiac organoids significantly increased, energy metabolism decreased, and calcium transients changed. We also observed that the mitochondrial structure of cardiac organoids was disrupted and that ΔΨm was decreased. These effects could be inhibited by sEVs treatment. sEVs may protect against radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury by regulating oxidative phosphorylation and the p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion sEVs derived from UCMSCs can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced heart disease. Graphical Abstract