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Ferrocene and its derivatives, especially ferrocene‐based coordination polymers (Fc‐CPs), offer the benefits of high thermal stability, two stable redox states, fast electron transfer, and excellent charge/discharge efficiency, thus holding great promise for electrochemical applications. Herein, we describe the synthesis and electrochemical applications of Fc‐CPs and reveal how the incorporation of ferrocene units into coordination polymers containing other metals results in unprecedented properties. Moreover, we discuss the usage of Fc‐CPs in supercapacitors, batteries, and sensors as well as further applications of these polymers, for example in electrocatalysts, water purification systems, adsorption/storage systems. Iron strength: The incorporation of ferrocene as an organometallic building block into coordination polymers containing other metals to impart certain properties can afford attractive structures denoted as ferrocene‐based coordination polymers. This Review focuses on the synthesis and electrochemical applications (e. g., supercapacitors, batteries, electrosensors, and electrocatalysts) of these coordination polymers.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted tremendous attention because of their excellent chemical and physical properties and due to their renewability and sustainability. This material can be extracted from agricultural by-products such as rice straw, banana tree, or bagasse. Rice straw was selected as the raw material in this study. Initially, a large amount of lignin must be removed by an alkaline process to obtain a slurry. Thereafter, a green bleaching process can be used to remove the remaining lignin in the slurry. An UV-emitting diode with 365 nm wavelength assisted the oxidation reaction of the H2O2 solution without the use of chlorine-containing chemical bleach. The reaction required only 2.5 h to obtain high-purity cellulose and successfully enhanced the yield. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the CNCs from rice straw were ~ 100 nm long and 10–15 nm wide. The crystalline index and degradation temperature of CNCs were 83.8% and 257 °C, respectively.

To compare the levels of allostatic load score (ALS) between thyroid cancer patients and patients with other types of cancer and explore whether ALS mediates the association between thyroid cancer and alterations in physiological function. This cross-sectional study conducted a secondary analysis of 181 cancer patients using NHANES data from 2007 to 2020, including 91 individuals with thyroid cancer. Generalized linear regression, logistic regression, and sensitivity analysis were used to analyze the association between thyroid cancer and ALS in three different models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and feature importance analysis were utilized to assess the clinical predictive value of thyroid cancer. We also conducted a series of mediation analyses to examine the mediating role of ALS. The ALS in thyroid cancer patients was higher than that in other cancer types (P < 0.05). Thyroid cancer was significantly associated with ALS even after adjusting for demographic variables (β = 0.770, 95%CI: 0.315-1.480; OR=2.255, 95%CI: 1.111-4.575). This association remained robust to missing data (all P < 0.05) and was not confounded by drinking, diabetes, or thyroid disease (all P > 0.05). Although thyroid cancer had limited predictive value on ALS, it exerted strong explanatory power. The mediation analysis conducted with imputed data and adjusted for confounding variables revealed that ALS fully mediated the effect of thyroid cancer on red cell distribution width (RDW) (IE: β = 0.103, P = 0.008; DE: β = 0.389, P = 0.056), with a mediation proportion of 20.93%. Our findings revealed that thyroid cancer condition were associated with elevated AL. AL mediated the relationship between thyroid cancer and RDW.

Ginsenoside Re is a protopanaxatriol-type saponin extracted from the berry, leaf, stem, flower bud, and root of Panax ginseng . In recent years, ginsenoside Re (Re) has been attracting attention as a dietary phytochemical. In this review, studies on Re were compiled by searching a combination of keywords, namely “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “toxicology,” in the Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The aim of this review was to provide an exhaustive overview of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of Re, focusing on clinical evidence that has shown effectiveness in specific diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nervous system diseases, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Re is also known to eliminate virus, enhance the immune response, improve osteoporosis, improve skin barrier function, enhance intracellular anti-oxidant actions, regulate cholesterol metabolism, alleviate allergic responses, increase sperm motility, reduce erectile dysfunction, promote cyclic growth of hair follicles, and reduce gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. Furthermore, this review provides data on pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicological factors to examine the safety profile of Re. Such data will provide a theoretical basis and reference for Re-related studies and future applications.

CHI3L1 (YKL40) is a secreted glycoprotein and elevated serum CHI3L1 level has been proved to be associated with poor prognosis in many human cancers. However, the mechanism of how CHI3L1 causes poor prognosis in cancers is still unknown. Here, considering that CHI3L1 is a liver specific/enriched protein, we use hepatocellular carcinoma as a model to study the function of CHI3L1. We showed that, both in vivo and in vitro , overexpression of CHI3L1 could promote liver cancer cells growth, migration and invasion. We then used RNA-seq to analyze the expression profiles of CHI3L1 overexpressed in two HCC cell lines and found that CHI3L1 overexpression affected genes that were involved in cell-cell adhesion, extracellular exosome and adherens junction. Western blot analysis further revealed that CHI3L1 could activate TGF-β signal pathways. Our data added new understanding of the mechanism of CHI3L1’s action. 1) CHI3L1 promoted cancer cell proliferation by regulating cell cycles; 2) CHI3L1 promoted cancer cell invasion and metastasis; 3) CHI3L1 regulate liver cancer potentially by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathways; 4) CHI3L1 has direct kinase activities or activate kinase to phosphorylate SMAD2, SMAD3.

Currently, despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) continue to pose significant challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. These challenges are primarily attributed to the high degree of heterogeneity exhibited by these disorders, which are influenced by a combination of environmental and host factors. Recent research efforts have delved into the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis and PJI by investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This review comprehensively summarizes the current evidence regarding the associations between SNPs and the predisposition to osteomyelitis and PJI across diverse populations. The findings suggest potential linkages between SNPs in genes such as IL-1 , IL-6 , IFN-γ , TNF-α , VDR , tPA , CTSG , COX-2 , MMP1 , SLC11A1 , Bax , NOS2 , and NLRP3 with the development of osteomyelitis. Furthermore, SNPs in genes like IL-1 , IL-6 , TNF-α , MBL , OPG , RANK , and GCSFR are implicated in susceptibility to PJI. However, it is noted that most of these studies are single-center reports, lacking in-depth mechanistic research. To gain a more profound understanding of the roles played by various SNPs in the development of osteomyelitis and PJI, future multi-center studies and fundamental investigations are deemed necessary.

Massive multiple input–multiple output (M-MIMO) is a promising and pivotal technology in contemporary wireless communication systems that can effectively enhance link reliability and data throughput, especially in uplink scenarios. Even so, the receiving end requires more computational complexity to reconstitute the signal. This problem has emerged in fourth-generation (4G) MIMO system; with the dramatic increase in demand for devices and data in beyond-5G (B5G) systems, this issue will become yet more obvious. To take into account both complexity and signal-revested capability at the receiver, this study uses the matrix iteration method to avoid the staggering amount of operations produced by the inverse matrix. Then, we propose a highly efficient multi-user detector (MUD) named hybrid SOR-based Chebyshev acceleration (CHSOR) for the uplink of M-MIMO orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) waveforms, which can be promoted to B5G developments. The proposed CHSOR scheme includes two stages: the first consists of successive over-relaxation (SOR) and modified successive over-relaxation (MSOR), combining the advantages of low complexity of both and generating a better initial transmission symbol, iteration matrix, and parameters for the next stage; sequentially, the second stage adopts the low-cost iterative Chebyshev acceleration method for performance refinement to obtain a lower bit error rate (BER). Under constrained evaluation settings, Section (Simulation Results and Discussion) presents the results of simulations performed in MATLAB version R2022a. Results show that the proposed detector can achieve a 91.624% improvement in BER performance compared with Chebyshev successive over-relaxation (CSOR). This is very near to the performance of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector and is achieved in only a few iterations. In summary, our proposed CHSOR scheme demonstrates fast convergence compared to previous works and as such possesses excellent BER and complexity performance, making it a competitive solution for uplink M-MIMO B5G systems.

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potency and duration of contezolid acefosamil (MRX-4) combined with gentamicin against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) biofilms . We also compared its performance, when delivered via calcium sulfate (CS) and β-tricalcium phosphate/calcium sulfate (β-TCP/CS) carriers, with the conventional vancomycin + gentamicin regimen. Antibiotic-loaded beads containing MRX-4 + gentamicin (C + G) or vancomycin + gentamicin (V + G) were prepared using CS and β-TCP/CS carriers. Antimicrobial potency and release duration were assessed using a modified Kirby-Bauer zone of inhibition (ZOI) assay. MRSA biofilm prevention and eradication were evaluated through colony forming unit (CFU) counting and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). C + G demonstrated prolonged antimicrobial activity, maintaining effective ZOIs for at least 40 days, whereas V + G lost activity by day 40 (P < 0.05). Both C + G and V + G significantly prevented biofilm formation and reduced CFUs by > 8 logs (P < 0.001), with no significant difference between carrier types. In biofilm eradication assays, both treatments reduced CFUs by 3-4 logs; however, C + G showed superior efficacy over V + G at day 3 (P < 0.01). CLSM confirmed substantial biofilm disruption and bacterial killing in C + G-treated groups. MRX-4 combined with gentamicin, delivered via CS and β-TCP/CS carriers, exhibits superior and sustained local antimicrobial efficacy compared to vancomycin, particularly in eradicating MRSA biofilms.

Tuning the optical properties of monolayer-protected nanoclusters through manipulation of their interfacial structures constitutes a compelling research direction. Herein, we report two atomically precise monocarboxylate-protected superatomic silver nanoclusters (RCO 2 -AgNCs), formulated as {Ag 16 (RCO 2 ) 12 [(4-ClPh) 3 P] 8 } 2+ [where R = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (2,4,6-Me 3 Ph) for Ma or 9-anthracenyl (9-An) for Mb], which features similar chemical composition, identical inner core while distinct interfacial coordination structures. When the RCO 2 -AgNCs undergoes a transition from an unlocked periphery ligand shell to a locked one, it evolves from exhibiting no luminescent properties at room temperature to possessing such properties. Photoluminescence and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies demonstrate that remarkable emission property of Ma is ascribed to the highly efficient energy transfer process occurring between phosphine ligand and metallic kernel, in conjunction with the suppression of molecular vibration imposed by the locked shell. This study not only elucidates the correlations between interfacial structure and photoluminescence properties of RCO 2 -AgNCs but also provides insights for designing nano-optical devices with atomic precision. Tuning the interfacial structure of silver nanoclusters via steric hindrance modulates their photoluminescence. Locking the ligand shell endows the clusters with room-temperature photoluminescence, thereby enabling atomic-level design of optical devices.

Aim： Transplantation of mesenchymal stem ceils （MSCs） for the treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction （ED） is hampered by apoptosis of the transplanted cells. In diabetic ED, there is increased oxidative stress and decreased NO in the corpora cavernosa, and reactive oxygen species （ROS） induce apoptosis of the transplanted cells. In this study we examined whether and how autophagy was involved in ROS-induced apoptosis of MSCs. Methods： Mouse C3H10 MSCs were treated with H202 to simulate the high oxidative condition in diabetic ED. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins were detected with Western blot assays. Intracellular autophagosome accumulation was studied using transmission electron microscopy. Results： Treatment of MSCs with H202 （50-400 μmol/L） inhibited the cell viability in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, H202 （300 μmol/L） induced apoptosis, as well as activated autophagy in MSCs. Pretreatment with lysosome inhibitor chloroquine （10 μmol/L） or PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine （5 mmol/L） significantly enhanced H202-induced cell death. Pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 （10 μmol/L） abrogated H202-induced accumulation of LC3-11, and attenuated H202-induced reduction of Bcl-2 levels in MSCs. Conclusion： ROS induce autophagy to counteract apoptosis in MSCs by activation of JNK. Thus, augmentation of autophagy may reduce apoptosis, prolonging MSC survival and improving MSC-based therapeutic efficacy for diabetic ED.