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Photosynthesis is promising in sequestrating carbon dioxide and providing food and biofuel. Recent findings have shown that luminescent materials could shift the wavelength of light to a more usable range for augmented photosynthesis. Among them, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have advantages of efficient light conversion, high biocompatibility, large Stokes’ shift, and so on. In this perspective, emerging reports of augmented photosynthesis with luminescent materials, especially the AIEgens are included. We emphasized the spectra shift characteristics, material formation, and sustainable development based on augmented photosynthesis. Augmented photosynthesis will increase the amount of CO2 sequestration and provide sustainable food and biofuel. Luminescent materials that shift the wavelength to a more usable range could augment photosynthesis. Recent findings of augmented photosynthesis by luminescent materials especially aggregation‐induced emission luminogens were summarized and a bright prospect has been speculated to inspire more research efforts.

This study aims to explore the evolution laws of particle migration and the force chain networks during the process of levee piping erosion. The stability of the dam body under different working conditions of particle friction coefficient, fine content, and hydraulic gradient is analyzed. Sphericity is applied to characterize the shape of nonspherical particles, and the drag model is corrected. The applicability of the nonspherical particle resistance model is analyzed. The applicability of the corrected drag model is verified by combining indoor hydrostatic sedimentation tests and numerical simulations. A numerical model of nonspherical particle piping erosion is established by using the coupled DEM‐CFD analysis platform. Using the corrected resistance model, permeability simulations are conducted for different working conditions. The particle migration laws are explored in terms of particle loss, flow field distribution, and porosity. Information such as the number of contact forces, distribution direction, and fine material stress‐bearing ratio is statistically analyzed from the mesoscopic scale, revealing the influence of force chain network evolution on seepage stability. This study reveals the mechanism of levee piping erosion and has important guiding significance and practical application value for filler design and levee erosion protection.

In this paper, the secure transmission for high-speed railway (HSR) communication system is studied. The considered HSR wireless communication system consists of a macro base station, B roadside base stations, and K vehicle stations (VSs) on the top of the train, and the eavesdropping user is a mobile unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We consider maximizing the sum of the minimum security rate of each time slot as the objective function, and the constraint conditions contain the quality of service (QoS), switch requirements and the total power constraint. The original optimization problem is mixed-integer and non-convex, it is intractable to solve directly. The block coordinate descent (BCD) method is applied, and the original problem can be decoupled into two sub-problems. The one is the joint BS-VS association problem, and the other is the power control problem. The first sub-problem of optimizing BS-VS association can be solved by the successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm, and the second one of optimizing transmit power can be solved by the lagrangian dual method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have good convergence.

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) poses a significant threat to largemouth bass farming, leading to substantial economic losses. In December 2022, massive largemouth bass juveniles died at a fish farm in the city of Xinxiang, China. Through a series of experiments, we conclusively identified LMBV as the causative pathogen. The affected fish displayed anorexia, lethargy, and hemorrhage at the pectoral and caudal fin base. No parasites or pathogenic bacteria were detected on the body surface or gills, or isolated from the diseased fish. Severe hemorrhage, lymphocyte infiltration, and extensive necrosis were observed in the liver, spleen, intestine, and stomach of the moribund fish. The tissue homogenate from the diseased fish induced epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells (EPC) cell death, while no such effects were observed in grouper spleen (GS) cells. Sequence similarity analysis of the major capsid protein (MCP) indicated the virus shared 100% similarity with the LMBV-FS2021 strain, placing it within the Ranavirus genus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed plenty of hexagonal virions accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected EPC cells. Artificial infection demonstrated that LMBV-XX01 was highly fatal to Micropterus salmoides juveniles, with an LD 50 of 10 3.081 TCID 50 /fish. RT-qPCR detection confirmed that LMBV appeared in all sampled tissues of the challenged largemouth bass, with significantly higher viral loads detected in the liver and heart compared to other tissues. Additionally, we successfully obtained a highly purified recombinant MCP of LMBV and developed two strains of monoclonal antibodies targeting MCP of LMBV-XX01. Overall, our findings provide valuable materials and insights for the design of prevention strategies and the development of detection methods for LMBV.

Quantification of fibrillar collagen organization has given new insight into the possible role of collagen topology in many diseases and has also identified candidate image-based bio-markers in breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. We have been developing collagen quantification tools based on the curvelet transform (CT) algorithm and have demonstrated this to be a powerful multiscale image representation method due to its unique features in collagen image denoising and fiber edge enhancement. In this paper, we present our CT-based collagen quantification software platform with a focus on new features and also giving a detailed description of curvelet-based fiber representation. These new features include C++-based code optimization for fast individual fiber tracking, Java-based synthetic fiber generator module for method validation, automatic tumor boundary generation for fiber relative quantification, parallel computing for large-scale batch mode processing, region-of-interest analysis for user-specified quantification, and pre- and post-processing modules for individual fiber visualization. We present a validation of the tracking of individual fibers and fiber orientations by using synthesized fibers generated by the synthetic fiber generator. In addition, we provide a comparison of the fiber orientation calculation on pancreatic tissue images between our tool and three other quantitative approaches. Lastly, we demonstrate the use of our software tool for the automatic tumor boundary creation and the relative alignment quantification of collagen fibers in human breast cancer pathology images, as well as the alignment quantification of mouse xenograft breast cancer images.

Sn-0.7Cu- x Ni composite solder has been fabricated via mechanical mixing of different weight percentages of Ni particles with Sn-0.7Cu solder paste, and the effect of the Ni concentration on the microstructure, wettability, and tensile properties of Cu/Sn-0.7Cu- x Ni/Cu solder joints investigated. The results show that refined dot-shaped particles of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are uniformly dispersed in a primary β -Sn matrix in the Cu/Sn-0.7Cu-(0.05–0.1)Ni/Cu solder joints. The interfacial IMC layer thickness increased slightly when adding Ni content to 0.05 wt.%, then rapidly when further increasing the Ni concentration to 0.4 wt.%. Excellent wettability with bright appearance was obtained for the Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni solder due to diminished interfacial tension. The tensile properties improved after adding Ni content to 0.05 wt.% due to the presence of the refined dot-like IMC particles, in agreement with theoretical predictions based on the combination of dispersion and grain-refinement strengthening mechanisms. Refined microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties were obtained for the Cu/Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni/Cu solder joint.

The microstructure and tensile creep behavior of plain Sn-58Bi solder and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-reinforced composite solder joints were investigated. The stress exponent n under different stresses and the creep activation energy Qc under different temperatures of solder joints were obtained by an empirical equation. The results reveal that the microstructure of the composite solder joint is refined and the tensile creep resistance is improved by CNTs. The improvement of creep behavior is due to the microstructural change of the composite solder joints, since the CNTs could provide more obstacles for dislocation pile-up, which enhances the values of the stress exponent and the creep activation energy. The steady-state tensile creep rates of plain solder and composite solder joints are increased with increasing temperature and applied stress. The tensile creep constitutive equations of plain solder and composite solder joints are written as ε˙s1=14.94σ/G3.7exp-81444RT and ε˙s2=2.5σ/G4.38exp-101582RT, respectively. The tensile creep mechanism of the solder joints is the effects of lattice diffusion determined by dislocation climbing.

Fluorescence have found wide scope of application in biological science and biomedical field since its discovery, due to the real time, in situ and non-invasive characteristics. Molecules that emit fluorescence is called fluorophores or luminogens. Organic fluorophores have been widely used in biological applications. However, most organic fluorophores are not soluble in water and they trend to form aggregates in water or biological fluids. Unfortunately, traditional organic fluorophores suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. That means, their fluorescence intensity is decreased or even quenched after forming aggregates. In this situation, the ACQ fluorophores are often used in dilute solution, which limit the usage in some situations. In 2001, Tang et. al. discovered an opposite phenomenon to the ACQ. There are a group of fluorophores that are not emissive in dilute solution as separated molecule and become highly emissive after forming aggregates or presence in the solid state, which is termed Aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The most widely accepted mechanism of this phenomenon is the restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM). Guided by the RIM mechanism, many AIE luminogens (AIEgens) have been designed to show great potential in the application of biosensing, bioimaging and image-guided therapy. Owing to the AIE effect, the aggregates of AIEgens used in biological fluid show intensive fluorescence and photosensitization. Thus, AIE aggregates can be used in some biomedical applications with better performance than commercial ACQ dyes. In this thesis, AIEgens are used as highly emissive luminogenic aggregates in various applications. Due to the high photostability, organelle specific AIEgens are used in multiplexed imaging to monitor the changes under apoptosis. Under excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, cells will undergo apoptosis. The changes of organelles during apoptosis are clearly monitored. Apart from fluorescence, the generation of ROS by organic photosensitizer is also influenced by the aggregate formation. Therefore, AIE photosensitizer also shows high efficiency of ROS generation in the aggregate state. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is to use photosensitizer to generate large amount of ROS which caused the apoptosis or necrosis of cells and thus it is used in cancer treatment, especially the skin cancer. The fluorescence-guided cancer cell ablation and melanoma treatment were achieved by rational design of mitochondrion targeting and near infrared emission AIE photosensitizer. If a fluorophore has high fluorescence quantum efficiency and photostability, the usage of its fluorescence as spectra shifting would be possible. The oxygenic photosynthesis is the primary usage of light energy. The responsible part of light energy harvesting and usage contains biological pigments. Those pigments absorb widely in the visible light, however, have relatively little absorption in the short wavelength region. The incubation of AIE nanoaggregates efficiently convert the light energy that is less useful into the photosynthetic active light, leading to the dramatically enhanced photosynthesis and growth of cyanobacteria.

The effect of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles on the microstructure, wettability, and mechanical properties of Sn-58Bi solder has been investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the Sn-58Bi- x  wt.%BaTiO 3 ( x  = 0.5, 1, 2, 3) composite solders is refined and homogeneous due to increasing heterogeneous nucleation sites of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles in the solder matrix. The best wettability with spreading coefficient of 0.86 was obtained for Sn-Bi-1 wt.%BaTiO 3 , increased by 10.24% compared with Sn-58Bi solder. High mechanical properties were achieved for Sn-58Bi solder with small addition (0.5 wt.% to 3 wt.%) of BaTiO 3 . The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Sn-58Bi is 44.7 MPa, and that of Sn-Bi-1%BaTiO 3 is 59.1 MPa. Fracture surface analysis indicated that the microscopic fracture of Sn-Bi-1%BaTiO 3 solder is composed of tearing marks and ductility is improved. Therefore, Sn-Bi-1%BaTiO 3 composite solder is one of the candidates for packaging and interconnection applications.

Numerical simulation of physical phenomena has long been of interest in the area of mechanical engineering, physics, and in recent years, computer graphics. Recent advances of computation hardware have opened up new opportunities for improving numerical simulations in terms of both scale and performance. However, the heterogeneity of modern hardware has imposed unique challenges that limit the utilization of computation hardware using the traditional programming paradigm. This dissertation investigates the design of efficient Poisson and linear elasticity solvers for modern hardware to demonstrate design practices and principles for utilizing modern hardware in the context of numerical solvers.